scholarly journals Considerations regarding test methods against dust and water ingress protection for Ex equipment

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
pp. 00048
Author(s):  
Niculina Vătavu ◽  
Mihaela Părăian ◽  
Sorin Vătavu ◽  
Mihai Popa
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Water Ingress ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Normal Degree ◽  
Explosion Protection ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Explosion Risk

The explosion danger in all industries where explosive atmospheres generated by the mixture of combustible dusts or flammable gases with air may form, must be treated as a major hazard, as the explosions that may occur can seriously affect both health and safety people, as well as the environment. It is therefore necessary to assess the explosion risk and to establish appropriate measures to reduce it to acceptable levels in accordance with the requirements of the European Directives. An essential element in the assessment of the explosion risk for electrical and non-electrical equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres is the way in which an appropriate normal degree of protection is provided through the equipment housing (protection against touching of dangerous parts inside the equipment housing and protection against the ingress of dust and water inside it). The aim of the paper is to highlight compliance with the requirements of the ATEX Directive, given that this protection is a basic requirement for explosion protection and to present the important elements to be considered for the assessment of the normal degree of protection and the development of harmonized test methods with the requirements of European standards.

scholarly journals Research on the improvement of test methods for the determination of dust penetration in enclosures of equipment intended for explosive atmospheres

2020 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 00063
Author(s):  
Niculina Vătavu ◽  
Adrian Jurca ◽  
Sorin Vătavu ◽  
Dan Gabor
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Water Penetration ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Explosion Protection ◽  
European Method ◽  
Solid Bodies

Carcasses of electrical or non-electrical equipment operating in potentially explosive atmospheres must provide a certain degree of protection against access to hazardous parts, penetration of solid bodies and/or water penetration, which must be tested according to the specifications of the Ex protection types. Normal protection classes are indicated by the international IP code followed by two characteristic digits referring to the protection against penetration of solid foreign bodies and water protection, followed by optional letters if required by the beneficiary according to the imposed conditions of use. Within the ENExEMEIP laboratory, have been developed laboratory tests to verify the first characteristic figure of the standard degree of protection according to the standardized European method. In the paper is presented the test stand of the large gauge equipment, a stand made with state-of-the-art equipment that provides the necessary performance for the accreditation of the test according to the standardized requirements. Checking dustproof protection to equipment used in areas where explosive atmospheres generated by combustion dust may occur is particularly important for assessing compliance with the requirements of the ATEX Directive [5], as this protection is a basic requirement for explosion protection.

scholarly journals Problems of the dynamic test method for individual protection equipment (shock absorbers)

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 05034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Korolchenko ◽  
Vasily Vasilenko ◽  
Georgy Lelikov
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Shock Absorbers ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Protective Performance

This paper examines issues of safety of high-altitude works, using individual protection equipment to prevent falling from a height. In particular, the paper reviews personal protective equipment - shock absorber, its dynamic characteristics and related test methods to meet the requirements of Technical Regulations 019/2011 “Safety of Individual Protection Equipment”. The paper discusses the differences between the Russian and European standards for dynamic characteristic testing of shock absorbers, even as the former are harmonized texts of the latter, and the effect of such differences on protective performance of shock absorbers and ultimately on safety of works on heights. It have been shown that tests, conducted in accordance with the Russian regulative documents for dynamic performance of the shock absorbers, entail decreasing in safety usage of such type of IPE and increasing in injuries during falls from a height. It has been defined necessity to actualize the range of the testing system of shock absorbers, and to admit its larger value that will cause increase in protective properties of shock absorbers.

E-waste issues in Sri Lanka and the Basel Convention

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inoka Suraweera
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
General Public ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Basel Convention ◽  
Leading Role

AbstractE-waste is hazardous, complex and expensive to treat in an environmentally sound manner. The management of e-waste is considered a serious challenge in both developed and developing countries and Sri Lanka is no exception. Due to significant growth in the economy and investments and other reasons the consumption of electronic and electrical equipment in Sri Lanka has increased over the years resulting in significant generation of e-waste. Several initiatives such as introduction of hazardous waste management rules, ratification of the Basel Convention in 1992 and the introduction of a National Corporate E-waste Management Program have been undertaken in Sri Lanka to manage e-waste. Strengthening policy and legislation, introducing methods for upstream reduction of e-waste, building capacity of relevant officers, awareness raising among school children and the general public and development of an e-waste information system are vital. Research on e-waste needs to be developed in Sri Lanka. The health sector could play a leading role in the provision of occupational health and safety for e-waste workers, advocacy, capacity building of relevant staff and raising awareness among the general public about e-waste. Improper e-waste management practices carried out by informal sector workers need to be addressed urgently in Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Employers and H&S Services in Relation to the COVID-19 System in Polish Manufacturing Companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9302
Author(s):  
Joanna Bartnicka ◽  
Patrycja Kabiesz ◽  
Dorota Palka ◽  
Paulina Gajewska ◽  
Ejaz Ul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Kirkpatrick Model ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Effectiveness Assessment

With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies had to adapt quickly to survive in the market. During this time, employers played a key role, along with employees involved in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) activities, as they were responsible for implementing the recommendations of the European Commission. There is no unambiguous definition of OHS in Polish legislation. It is assumed that it is a set of rules defining the manner of performing work, and above all, a method of providing employees with working conditions so that their performance is safe and hygienic. Responsibility for the health and safety in the workplace is imposed on the employer by the legislature. Thus, effective health and safety training is an essential element of the success of any properly operating company. In the literature, no studies have been identified that evaluate the effectiveness of actions during the COVID-19 outbreak. The aim of the article is to present the actions of Polish employers along with their effectiveness assessment related to the protection of employees during the COVID-19 outbreak. The article presents a proposal for conducting remote OHS (Occupational Health and Safety) training using the platform Moodle. The created course was implemented during OHS training conducted in a selected manufacturing company. At its end, an evaluation of the course was carried out, and the collected opinions of training participants allowed the formulation of interesting conclusions, which became the contribution of this paper. The authors pay special attention to three main points of the work. The first is the form of training, which gives the possibility to conduct training at a distance while maintaining its effectiveness. The second important point is the mandatory feedback of the trainees, ensuring the possibility of continuous improvement and quality enhancement of both the program and the form of training. The evaluation was developed on the basis of the extended Kirkpatrick model, which is a completely new approach to OHS training evaluation. The third point emphasized by the authors is the possibility of precise adaptation of the training to other plants and even industries. Therefore, it can be concluded that the course developed by the authors is a very interesting and practical didactic tool with great implementation potential.

scholarly journals Applying fiber-optic system to control shaft torque

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Alexander Sergeevich Bordyug
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Fiber Optic System

The article considers the procedure of torque control, which is very popular in a wide variety of industries with many design features. In marine power engineering the problems of determining the forces, torque on the shaft and power are solved by means of torsiometers with torque sensors. The most widely used torque sensors are of capacitive, induction, strain gauge and photoelectric types. It has been stated that there are limitations in the process of torque control due to the susceptibility of systems to the electromagnetic interference, lack of a high degree of protection for electrical equipment and necessary recalibration. Fiber optic systems have found application in torque measurement systems in the oil and gas and aerospace industries. The use of such systems on ships is more expensive in comparison with the technologies used today, for example, the systems based on strain gauges. It has been proposed to use an inexpensive optical measuring system based on the Pound-Drever-Hall technique with using a foil-clad strain gauge and an aluminum torsion rod. There has been illustrated the system of torque control, the phase graphs for the Fabry-Perot resonator and the graph of the resonator transmission spectrum are presented, the reflection coefficient value is given. A method for measuring the phase of a reflected beam from a Fabry-Perot resonator is being considered, the injection current of a laser is modulated by means of an electric oscillator to generate side stripes in the electric field of a laser beam. The carried out studies and calculations contribute to improving the reliability of the coastal power system; the possibility of their use in marine electrical systems has been proved.

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