Research on the melt behavior of rare-earth-rich iron minerals by direct reduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Wentao Guo ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Zengwu Zhao ◽  
Wenfeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Phase Structure ◽  
Carbothermic Reduction ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Graphite Crucible ◽  
Reduction Degree ◽  
Mineral Phase ◽  
Iron Mineral ◽  
P Content ◽  
Melting Separation

The evolution of mineral phase structure during the reduction and melting separation of an rare earth (RE)-rich iron mineral (RER-IM) is investigated. The results show the iron oxides are reduced to their metallic iron or FeO at 1373 K. When reduction time is 180 min, the reduction degree is 84%. Both bastnaesite (RE(CO3)F) and monazite (REPO4) are transformed into Ca2RE8(SiO4)6O2 during carbothermic reduction at 1373 K. The mineral with a reduction degree of 84% is melt-separated in a graphite crucible at 1773 K for 20 min, the resulting slag contains 20.64% RE2O3, with RE existing in the form of Ca2RE8(SiO4)6O2. Moreover, P from the reduction of Ca3(PO4)2 dissolves in iron with a content ranging from 1.2 to 2.21%. The type of RE phase that occurs in the slag is related to the distribution of P between slag and iron. A low P content in the slag facilitates the formation of Ca2RE8(SiO4)6O2, but a high content in the slag favours Ca3RE2[(Si, P)O4]3F. Thus, it is confirmed that the RE phase structure is controlled by the distribution of P between slag and iron.

Plasma Carbothermic Reduction of Rare-Earth Metals

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-512
Author(s):  
V. S. Cherednichenko ◽  
A. S. An’shakov ◽  
V. A. Serikov ◽  
V. A. Faleev
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Carbothermic Reduction ◽  
Rare Earth Metals

Direct Reduction of Ferrous Oxides to form an Iron-Rich Alternative Charge Material

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. İbrahim Ünal ◽  
Enes Turgut ◽  
Ş. H. Atapek ◽  
Attila Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Charge Material ◽  
Sponge Iron ◽  
Reduction Degree ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Hematite Ore ◽  
Reduction Of Oxides ◽  
Rotating Furnace

AbstractIn this study, production of sponge iron by direct reduction of oxides and the effect of reductant on metallization were investigated. In the first stage of the study, scale formed during hot rolling of slabs was reduced in a rotating furnace using solid and gas reductants. Coal was used as solid reductant and hydrogen released from the combustion reaction of LNG was used as the gas one. The sponge iron produced by direct reduction was melted and solidified. In the second stage, Hematite ore in the form of pellets was reduced using solid carbon in a furnace heated up to 1,100°C for 60 and 120 minutes. Reduction degree of process was evaluated as a function of time and the ratio of C

BF Charge Reduction with Gases of Different H2 Ratio in High Temperature Zone

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1152-1157
Author(s):  
Guo Zhang Tang ◽  
Zhen Gao ◽  
Yan Chang Kong ◽  
Kun Ouyang ◽  
Fu Min Li
Keyword(s):  
Loss Rate ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Reduction Kinetics ◽  
Reduction Degree ◽  
Charge Reduction ◽  
Temperature Zone ◽  
Metallization Rate ◽  
Direct Reduction Degree

The reduction of different basicity BF charge with gases of different H2 ratio has been determined to simulate different BF technology. The results reveal: reduction rate (R & r) and metallization rate of charge increase with the H2 ratio increasing, and the temperature increasing while the reducing time becomes longer simultaneously. The direct reduction degree of charge in Hydrogen-enrichment BF is very low, thus the energy consumption of Ironmaking could be reduced. There is certain difference between metallization rate and reduction degree due to reduction kinetics. The mass loss rate of coke increases sharply with the H2 ratio increasing, the H2 ratio of gas should be selected an appropriate value.

scholarly journals A fundamental study on the production of rare earth metals (Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb) by direct reduction process.

1989 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi SHIMAKAGE ◽  
Kazuhiko ENDO ◽  
Tadao SATO ◽  
Hiroshi KATAYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Direct Reduction Process

Study Formation Process of Cement Clinker Minerals by Using Calcium Carbide Slag as Raw Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Li Wang ◽  
Shi Jie Dong ◽  
Lin Lin Liu ◽  
Su Ping Cui ◽  
Hai Bo Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Phase Structure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Mineral Phase ◽  
Carbide Slag

Calcium carbide Slag is one kind of industrial wastes from CaC2 hydrolysis reaction that will cause land pollution. In the research, calcium carbide Slag used as a substitute for limestone to produce cement clinker, which with a high portion of CaO content and then an excellent calcium containing raw material. As a kind of industrial wastes, the properties of Calcium carbide slag differentiate from that of natural limestone. The formation process of clinker minerals was studied by means of XRD. The results indicated that clinker minerals formation is similar to that from use of limestone. The generated clinker has a rational mineral composition and well developed mineral phase structure. But, there are many differences in decomposition temperatures between the calcium containing raw materials. Therefore, the carbide slag can be used as a substitute of limestone raw material to produce cement clinker.

Phase structure control and optical spectroscopy of rare-earth activated GdF3 nanocrystal embedded glass ceramics via alkaline-earth/alkali-metal doping

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (75) ◽  
pp. 71176-71187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen Liu ◽  
Daqin Chen ◽  
Zhongyi Wan ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Ping Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Optical Spectroscopy ◽  
Phase Structure ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Glass Crystallization ◽  
Metal Doping ◽  
Structure Control

Alkaline-earth/alkali-metal dopant-induced hexagonal and orthorhombic GdF3 nanocrystal embedded glass ceramics were fabricated via glass crystallization.

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