Application of integral method for investigating the boriding kinetics of AISI 316 steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Chaima Zouzou ◽  
Mourad Keddam
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Diffusion Zone ◽  
Integral Method ◽  
Differential Algebraic System ◽  
Kinetics Of Formation ◽  
Particular Solution ◽  
Aisi 316 ◽  
Good Concordance ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
And Diffusion

The present work is dealing with the modelling of boriding kinetics of AISI 316 steel in the temperature range 1123–1273 K. A diffusion model based on the integral method was used in order to investigate the kinetics of formation of FeB and Fe2B layers and that of diffusion zone formed on AISI 316 steel by considering the presence of boride incubation times. By using a particular solution of the resulting differential algebraic system, the diffusion coefficients in FeB, Fe2B and diffusion zone (DZ) were estimated as well as the corresponding values of activation energies. Finally, this present diffusion model has been experimentally validated for two additional boriding conditions (1243 K for 3 and 5 h of treatment). A good concordance was observed between the experimental and the simulated results in terms of layers’ thicknesses.

Formation and kinetics of FeB/Fe2B layers and diffusion zone at the surface of AISI 316 borided steels

2010 ◽  
Vol 205 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Campos-Silva ◽  
M. Ortiz-Domínguez ◽  
O. Bravo-Bárcenas ◽  
M.A. Doñu-Ruiz ◽  
D. Bravo-Bárcenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Zone ◽  
Aisi 316 ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
And Diffusion

SIMULATION MODEL OF THE GROWTH KINETICS OF Fe2B LAYERS WITH CONSIDERATION OF THE BORIDE INCUBATION TIME EFFECT

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950127
Author(s):  
BENDAOUD MEBAREK ◽  
MOURAD KEDDAM ◽  
HAMZA BOUSSEBHA
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Armco Iron ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Mass Balance Equation ◽  
Parabolic Growth ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Growth Constants ◽  
Good Concordance ◽  
Kinetics Of

In this work, a mathematical model for simulating the thermochemical boronizing process is presented. The diffusion model used in this paper is based on Fick’s laws by solving the mass balance equation of the (FeB/Fe2B) interface. In this developed model, the effect of boride incubation times during the formation of Fe2B layers on Armco iron was considered. To demonstrate the validity of our calculations, the simulation results are compared with experimentally obtained data on borided Armco iron, which allowed us to verify the validity of the model. Therefore, a good concordance was observed when comparing the experimental parabolic growth constants taken from the literature with our simulated values of the parabolic growth constants from the present diffusion model. From this study, it has been found that the incubation time has a very important influence on the evolution of the kinetics of the boride layers.

scholarly journals Kinetic Modeling of Essential Oil Hydro-Distillation from Peels of Pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) Fruit Grown in Southern Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 3251-3261
Author(s):  
Phat Dao Tan ◽  
Xuan Phong Huynh ◽  
Huynh Cang Mai ◽  
Giang Bach Long ◽  
Van Muoi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
And Diffusion

Thorough understanding of kinetics plays a key role in improving existing industrial processes. In this study, we attempted to model the kinetics of the hydro-distillation process that produces essential oil from peels of pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) fruit, which is a product with high economic value and a wide range of applications. We first determined the optimal water-to-material ratio for attaining maximal oil yield. Then, further experimental attempts were carried out at different distillation rates to generate experimental data to fit three kinetic models, namely first-order kinetics model, instantaneous washing, followed by diffusion model and simultaneous washing and diffusion model. Overall, the three models have well described the experimental kinetic data on hydro-distillation (R2> 90%). Of which, the simultaneous washing and diffusion model attaining the R2 of 99.97% was chosen as the most suitable to describe the kinetics of the extraction process. Estimated parameters also shown that the washing stage occurs more rapidly than the later, diffusion stage. GC-MS results showed that the obtained oil sample was characterized by the dominance of the D-Limonene compound (97.873%).

Effect of Doping, Composite Geometry and Diffusion Annealing Schedules on the Structure of Nb3Sn Layers in Nb/Cu-Sn Wires

2008 ◽  
Vol 273-276 ◽  
pp. 514-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.N. Popova ◽  
Vladimir V. Popov ◽  
E.P. Romanov ◽  
S.V. Sudareva ◽  
E.A. Dergunova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Probe Microanalysis ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Diffusion Annealing ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Kinetics Of Formation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Mg Doped ◽  
Effect Of Doping

Kinetics of formation of superconducting Nb3Sn layers and the structure of bronzeprocessed Nb/Cu-Sn composites with Zr, Zn or Mg-doped matrixes or Ti-doped Nb filaments of different geometry have been studied by the methods of TEM, SEM and electron-probe microanalysis. All the doping elements have been found to accelerate the rate of growth of the diffusion Nb3Sn layers and consequently their thickness. Correlation between the diffusion annealing schedules, the geometry of Nb filaments, the structure of the diffusion Nb3Sn layers and the current-carrying characteristics of multifilamentary Nb/Cu-Sn composites has been established.

Kinetics of cyclization of S-ethoxycarbonylmethylisothiouronium chloride to 2-imino-4-thiazolidone

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 912-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Macháček ◽  
Said A. El-bahai ◽  
Vojeslav Štěrba
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Dilute Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Base Catalysis ◽  
General Base ◽  
Rate Limiting Step ◽  
Limiting Step ◽  
Kinetics Of Formation ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Kinetics Of

Kinetics of formation of 2-imino-4-thiazolidone from S-ethoxycarbonylmethylisothiouronium chloride has been studied in aqueous buffers and dilute hydrochloric acid. The reaction is subject to general base catalysis, the β value being 0.65. Its rate limiting step consists in acid-catalyzed splitting off of ethoxide ion from dipolar tetrahedral intermediate. At pH < 2 formation of this intermediate becomes rate-limiting; rate constant of its formation is 2 . 104 s-1.

Cyclization and acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of O-benzoylbenzamidoximes

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 2786-2797
Author(s):  
František Grambal ◽  
Jan Lasovský
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Kinetic Isotope ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium ◽  
Mineral Acids ◽  
Kinetics Of Formation ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Ph Scale ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Derivatives Of

Kinetics of formation of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles from 24 substitution derivatives of O-benzoylbenzamidoxime have been studied in sulphuric acid and aqueous ethanol media. It has been found that this medium requires introduction of the Hammett H0 function instead of the pH scale beginning as low as from 0.1% solutions of mineral acids. Effects of the acid concentration, ionic strength, and temperature on the reaction rate and on the kinetic isotope effect have been followed. From these dependences and from polar effects of substituents it was concluded that along with the cyclization to 1,2,4-oxadiazoles there proceeds hydrolysis to benzamidoxime and benzoic acid. The reaction is thermodynamically controlled by the acid-base equilibrium of the O-benzylated benzamidoximes.

Effect of CTABr (surfactant) on the kinetics of formation of silver nanoparticles by Amla extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 115537
Author(s):  
Nazia Iqbal ◽  
S.M. Shakeel Iqubal ◽  
Aejaz Abdullatif Khan ◽  
Tasneem Mohammed ◽  
Ali Mohamed Alshabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Kinetics Of Formation ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Biosorption and Diffusion Modeling of Pb(II) by Malt Bagasse

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaiani B. Fontana ◽  
Giane Gonçalves Lenzi ◽  
Erica R. L. R. Watanabe ◽  
Ervin Kaminski Lenzi ◽  
Juliana A. M. T. Pietrobelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Process ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Diffusion Modeling ◽  
Biosorption Capacity ◽  
Kinetic And Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ph Optimization ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
And Diffusion

The removal of Pb(II) from water by biosorption processes onto malt bagasse was investigated and the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were obtained; additionally a diffusion modeling was proposed. The characterization of malt bagasse was performed by FTIR and SEM/EDS. The experiments were conducted in batch system and an experimental design based response surface methodology was applied for agitation speed and pH optimization. The kinetics of biosorption followed pseudo-second-order model and the temperature of the process affected the biosorption capacity. Isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich, and Elovich were applied and the Langmuir model showed better fit and the estimated biosorption capacity was 29.1 mg g−1. The negative values obtained for ΔG° and positive values of ΔH° confirm, respectively, the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process. The diffusion modeling was performed based on experiments in the absence of agitation to investigate the influence of the biosorbent on the sorption process of Pb(II) ions.

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