scholarly journals Ultrastructural study of adult Haemonchus contortus exposed to polyphenol-rich materials under in vivo conditions in goats

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cintli Martínez-Ortiz-de-Montellano ◽  
Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta ◽  
Isabelle Fourquaux ◽  
Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro ◽  
Hervé Hoste
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Anthelmintic Effect

This study assessed the ultrastructural changes caused in adult Haemonchus contortus obtained from goats fed fodder based on polyphenol-rich plants Lysiloma latisiliquum or Onobrychis viciifolia or from goats drenched with quebracho extract, Schinopsis spp. The H. contortus were obtained from artificially infected goats used as models to investigate the anthelmintic effect of feeding or drenching with the polyphenol-rich materials. Nematode populations were exposed to polyphenol-rich plant materials by feeding host goats for 8 consecutive days (D28 to D35 post-infection) with (a) L. latisiliquum fodder at 800 g fresh basis/day, (b) O. viciifolia fodder offered ad libitum, and (c) drenched with a solution containing quebracho extract (90 g/day). Meanwhile, control H. contortus were obtained from goats fed polyphenol-free diets. The H. contortus specimens were recovered from the goats on D36 post-infection, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to identify ultrastructural changes. In vivo exposure to different polyphenol-rich plant materials caused vacuolization of the nematodes’ intestinal, muscular and hypodermal cells. These alterations represent the first evidence of cell damage caused in H. contortus when hosts were fed or drenched with polyphenol-rich materials. Ultrastructural changes affecting several types of cells could explain modifications in worm motility and nutrition, eventually affecting H. contortus reproductive success. This study contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of action of polyphenol-rich plants against H. contortus when given as nutraceuticals to goats.

scholarly journals In vitro nematicidal effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Castela tortuosa n-hexane extracts against Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda) and their anthelmintic effect in gerbils

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (04) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zamilpa ◽  
C. García-Alanís ◽  
M.E. López-Arellano ◽  
V.M. Hernández-Velázquez ◽  
M.G. Valladares-Cisneros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Parasitic Burden ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Anthelmintic Effect

AbstractThe in vitro nematicidal effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Castela tortuosa n-hexane extracts (E-Cham and E-Cato, respectively) on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) and the anthelmintic effect of these extracts against the pre-adult stage of the parasite in gerbils were evaluated using both individual and combined extracts. The in vitro confrontation between larvae and extracts was performed in 24-well micro-titration plates. The results were considered 24 and 72 h post confrontation. The in vivo nematicidal effect was examined using gerbils as a study model. The extracts from the two assessed plants were obtained through maceration using n-hexane as an organic agent. Gerbils artificially infected with H. contortus L3 were treated intraperitoneally with the corresponding extract either individually or in combination. The results showed that the highest individual lethal in vitro effect (96.3%) was obtained with the E-Cham extract at 72 h post confrontation at 40 mg/ml, followed by E-Cato (78.9%) at 20 mg/ml after 72 h. The highest combined effect (98.7%) was obtained after 72 h at 40 mg/ml. The in vivo assay showed that the individual administration of the E-Cato and E-Cham extracts reduced the parasitic burden in gerbils by 27.1% and 45.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the anthelmintic efficacy increased to 57.3% when both extracts were administered in combination. The results of the present study show an important combined nematicidal effect of the two plant extracts assessed against L3 in gerbils.

Ultrastructural changes to the tegumental system and gastrodermal cells of adult Fasciola hepatica following treatment in vivo with a commercial preparation of myrrh (Mirazid)

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 672-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M.O. Abdelaal ◽  
G.P. Brennan ◽  
A. Abdel-Aziz ◽  
I. Fairweather
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Somatic Muscle ◽  
Secretory Body ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Body Production ◽  
Tegumental Syncytium

AbstractAn in vivo study in the laboratory rat model has been carried out to monitor changes to the tegument and gut of adult Fasciola hepatica following treatment with myrrh (‘Mirazid’). Rats infected with the triclabendazole-resistant Dutch isolate were dosed orally with Mirazid at a concentration of 250 mg/kg and flukes recovered 2, 3 and 7 days post-treatment (pt). The flukes were processed for examination by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A variety of changes to the external surface were observed, culminating in the sloughing of the tegumental syncytium. Internal changes to the syncytium and tegumental cell bodies were more severe and were evident from 2 days pt onwards. Swelling of the basal infolds (leading to flooding of the surface layer) and a decline in secretory body production were the major changes seen. The gastrodermal cells were less severely affected than the tegument, pointing to a trans-tegumental route of uptake for Mirazid by the fluke. Some loss of muscle fibres in the main somatic muscle layers was observed, which may be correlated with the decline in movement of flukes seen at recovery.

scholarly journals The ultrastructure changes of Haemonchus contortus exposed to bamboo leaves (Gigantochloa apus) aqueous extract under in vitro condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Purwo Widiarso ◽  
WISNU NURCAHYO ◽  
KURNIASIH KURNIASIH ◽  
JOKO PRASTOWO
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
External Part

Abstract. Widiarso, Nurcahyo W, Kurniasih, Prastowo J. 2021. The ultrastructure changes of Haemonchus contortus exposed to bamboo leaves (Gigantochloa apus) aqueous extract under in vitro condition. Biodiversitas 22: 1-5. The ultrastructural changes induced in adult Haemonchus contortus in vitro using the aqueous extract of bamboo leaves were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The H. contortus adult females were obtained from three groups and treatment was repeated thrice. The first group (T0) was not treated with bamboo leaves; 100% of the worms lived. The second group (T1), treated with 0.1% bamboo leaf-extract, had 50% mortality 4 h after examination. The third group (T2), treated with 1% bamboo leaf-extract, had 100% mortality 4 h after examination. Five worms used per treatment were submerged in ethanol and incubated for 24 hours. The ultrastructural changes observed by SEM revealed structural alteration of the worm surface after in vitro contact with the bamboo leaf aqueous extract and compared to the control worms. The main changes concerned the anterior end or cephalic region, cuticle surface, and vulva flap area. The structural modification of the external part of the female reproductive system was found only in vitro. The structural changes found in the worms exposed to the bamboo leaves might affect their motility and nutrition with possible consequences on their reproduction. Transmission electron microscopy may help to understand the external changes observed in H. contortus.

scholarly journals Neurobehavioral and Ultrastructural Changes Induced by Phytosynthesized Silver-Nanoparticle Toxicity in an In Vivo Rat Model

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Razvan Vlad Opris ◽  
Vlad Toma ◽  
Alina Mihaela Baciu ◽  
Remus Moldovan ◽  
Bogdan Dume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Altered Cell

(1) Background: The study aimed to assess neurobehavioral, ultrastructural, and biochemical changes induced by silver nanoparticles synthesized with Cornus mas L. extract (AgNPs-CM) in rat brains. (2) Methods: The study included 36 male adult rats divided into three groups. Over a period of 45 days, AgNPs-CM (0.8 and 1.5 mg/kg b.w.) were administered daily by gavage to two of the groups, while the control group received the vehicle used for AgNP. After treatment, OFT and EPM tests were conducted in order to assess neurobehavioral changes. Six of the animals from each group were sacrificed immediately after completion of treatment, while the remaining six were allowed to recuperate for an additional 15 days. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), GFAP immunohistochemistry, and evaluation of TNFα, IL-6, MDA, and CAT activity were performed on the frontal cortex and hippocampus. (3) Results: Treated animals displayed a dose- and time-dependent increase in anxiety-like behavior and severe ultrastructural changes in neurons, astrocytes, and capillaries in both brain regions. Immunohistochemistry displayed astrogliosis with altered cell morphology. TNFα, IL-6, MDA, and CAT activity were significantly altered, depending on brain region and time post exposure. (4) Conclusions: AgNPs-CM induced neurobehavioral changes and severe cell lesions that continued to escalate after cessation of exposure.

scholarly journals Health Benefits and Pharmacological Properties of Carvone

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1803
Author(s):  
Abdelhakim Bouyahya ◽  
Hamza Mechchate ◽  
Taoufiq Benali ◽  
Rokia Ghchime ◽  
Saoulajan Charfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Carvone is a monoterpene ketone contained in the essential oils of several aromatic and medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae and Asteraceae families. From aromatic plants, this monoterpene is secreted at different concentrations depending on the species, the parts used, and the extraction methods. Currently, pharmacological investigations showed that carvone exhibits multiple pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antineuraminidase, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. These studies were carried out in vitro and in vivo and involved a great deal of knowledge on the mechanisms of action. Indeed, the antimicrobial effects are related to the action of carvone on the cell membrane and to ultrastructural changes, while the anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects involve the action on cellular and molecular targets such as inducing of apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence. With its multiple mechanisms, carvone can be considered as natural compounds to develop therapeutic drugs. However, other investigations regarding its precise mechanisms of action as well as its acute and chronic toxicities are needed to validate its applications. Therefore, this review discusses the principal studies investigating the pharmacological properties of carvone, and the mechanism of action underlying some of these properties. Moreover, further investigations of major pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies were also suggested.

Anthelmintic effects of Prosopis laevigatan-hexanic extract against Haemonchus contortus in artificially infected gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. De Jesús-Gabino ◽  
P. Mendoza-de Gives ◽  
D.O. Salinas-Sánchez ◽  
M.E. López-Arellano ◽  
E. Liébano-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Anthelmintic Effect

AbstractThe anthelmintic effect of Prosopis laevigata (mezquite) n-hexanic extract was evaluated against Haemonchus contortus endoparasitic stages in artificially infected gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Prosopis laevigata leaves were collected from the Sierra de Huautla, Ecological Reserve of the Biosphere, in Morelos State, Mexico; dehydrated under shade and macerated with n-hexane for 3 days, followed by distillation for 8 h. This procedure was repeated three times and the final extract was kept at 4°C. The in vivo effect of the plant extract was evaluated in gerbils artificially infected with H. contortus. Plant extract concentration was 40 mg/ml. Three groups of gerbils were as follows: group 1 (n = 7), P. laevigata extract at 100 μl intraperitoneally (IP); group 2 (n = 6), control – Tween 20 in water at a single dose of 100 μ l IP; group 3 (n = 8) also served as a control, receiving water only, to determine the mortality due to causes other than the plant extract. An additional group of seven gerbils (group 4) was administered fenbendazole, as a positive control. Five days later the animals were euthanized and stomach and mucosa removed to quantify the nematodes. Data were analysed using the Student's t-test to compare the mean of nematodes obtained in groups 1, 2 and 3. The parasite population in the plant extract treated group 1 was reduced by 42.5% (P < 0.05) with respect to the control group 2; and when control group 3 was used for comparison the parasitic reduction was estimated as 53.11%. This study shows the in vivo anthelmintic effect of P. laevigatan-hexane extract for the first time, using gerbils as an in vivo model, with potential use in sheep.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Morphological Effects of TDT 067 (Terbinafine in Transfersome) and Conventional Terbinafine on Dermatophyte HyphaeIn VitroandIn Vivo

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 2530-2534 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ghannoum ◽  
N. Isham ◽  
W. Henry ◽  
H.-A. Kroon ◽  
S. Yurdakul
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nail Bed ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Complete Disruption

ABSTRACTTDT 067 is a novel, carrier-based dosage form of terbinafine in Transfersome (1.5%) formulated for topical delivery of terbinafine to the nail, nail bed, and surrounding tissue. We examined the effects of TDT 067 and conventional terbinafine on the morphology of dermatophytes.Trichophyton rubrumhyphae were exposed to TDT 067 or terbinafine (15 mg/ml) and examined under white light, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Subungual debris from patients treated with TDT 067 in a clinical trial was also examined. Exposure ofT. rubrumhyphae to TDT 067 led to rapid and extensive ultrastructural changes. Hyphal distortion was evident as early as 4 h after exposure to TDT 067. After 24 h, there was complete disruption of hyphal structure with few intact hyphae remaining. Exposure to terbinafine resulted in morphological alterations similar to those seen with TDT 067; however, the effects of TDT 067 were more extensive, whereas a portion of hyphae remained intact after 24 h of exposure to terbinafine. Lipid droplets were observed under TEM following 30 min of exposure to TDT 067, which after 24 h had filled the intracellular space. These effects were confirmedin vivoin subungual debris from patients with onychomycosis who received topical treatment with TDT 067. The Transfersome in TDT 067 may potentiate the action of terbinafine by delivering terbinafine more effectively to its site of action inside the fungus. Ourin vivodata confirm that TDT 067 can enter fungus in the nail bed of patients with onychomycosis and exert its antifungal effects.

Ultrastructural changes to the tegumental system and the gastrodermal cells in adult Fasciola hepatica following in vivo treatment with the experimental fasciolicide, compound alpha

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. McCONVILLE ◽  
G. P. BRENNAN ◽  
A. FLANAGAN ◽  
H. W. J. EDGAR ◽  
R. CASTILLO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Somatic Muscle ◽  
Tegumental Cell ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Tegumental Syncytium

SUMMARYSheep infected with the triclabendazole-susceptible, Cullompton isolate of Fasciola hepatica were dosed with 15 mg/kg of compound alpha at 12 weeks post-infection. Adult flukes were recovered from the bile ducts at 24, 48 and 72 h post-treatment (p.t.). Ultrastructural changes to the flukes were assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with a view to gathering information on the mechanism(s) of action for compound alpha and on the possible route of its entry into F. hepatica. The tegumental syncytium was more severely affected than the gut at all time-points p.t. with compound alpha, suggesting a predominantly trans-tegumental route of uptake. Disruption to the tegumental system became increasingly severe over time. A stress response was observed at 24 h p.t. and took the form of blebbing and increases in the production and transport of secretory bodies. By 72 h p.t., extensive tegumental loss and degeneration of the tegumental cell bodies had occurred. Degeneration of subtegumental tissues and internal flooding were also observed. Changes in the gastrodermal cells were slow to develop: reduced secretory activity was evident at 72 h p.t.. There was progressive disruption to the somatic muscle layers, with disorganization of the muscle blocks and loss of muscle fibres.

Multifunctional MnO2-based nanoplatform-induced ferroptosis and apoptosis for synergetic chemoradiotherapy

Nanomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Li ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Sihui Yu ◽  
Minyi Zhang ◽  
Xijian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Transmission Electron

Background: Radiosensitizers that can effectively consume glutathione provide broad prospects for enhancing the efficacy and reducing the side effects of radiotherapy. Aim: To explore the potential role of CuS@mSiO2@MnO2 nanocomposites in synergetic chemoradiotherapy. Methods: Nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectrometry and dynamic light scattering and were loaded with doxorubicin (DOX). The uptake and biodistribution of nanocomposites were observed by CCK8 assay, MRI and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The radiosensitization effect of nanocomposites and nanocomposites/DOX was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Results: In vitro application of nanocomposites, with an average diameter of 30 nm and ζ-potential of 13.2 ± 0.4 mV, in combination with radiotherapy, depleted glutathione and induced ferroptosis and apoptosis. Nanocomposites/DOX exhibited tumor cell damage in vivo. Conclusion: We propose that this glutathione-depleting nanosystem could be a radiosensitizer as well as a drug transporter.

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