scholarly journals Health Benefits and Pharmacological Properties of Carvone

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1803
Author(s):  
Abdelhakim Bouyahya ◽  
Hamza Mechchate ◽  
Taoufiq Benali ◽  
Rokia Ghchime ◽  
Saoulajan Charfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Carvone is a monoterpene ketone contained in the essential oils of several aromatic and medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae and Asteraceae families. From aromatic plants, this monoterpene is secreted at different concentrations depending on the species, the parts used, and the extraction methods. Currently, pharmacological investigations showed that carvone exhibits multiple pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antineuraminidase, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. These studies were carried out in vitro and in vivo and involved a great deal of knowledge on the mechanisms of action. Indeed, the antimicrobial effects are related to the action of carvone on the cell membrane and to ultrastructural changes, while the anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects involve the action on cellular and molecular targets such as inducing of apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence. With its multiple mechanisms, carvone can be considered as natural compounds to develop therapeutic drugs. However, other investigations regarding its precise mechanisms of action as well as its acute and chronic toxicities are needed to validate its applications. Therefore, this review discusses the principal studies investigating the pharmacological properties of carvone, and the mechanism of action underlying some of these properties. Moreover, further investigations of major pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies were also suggested.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on Biofilm: Current Evidence and Potential for Drug Repurposing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Cuiabano Paes Leme ◽  
Raquel Bandeira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Human Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

It has been demonstrated that some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac, and ibuprofen, have anti-biofilm activity in concentrations found in human pharmacokinetic studies, which could fuel an interest in repurposing these well tolerated drugs as adjunctive therapies for biofilm-related infections. Here we sought to review the currently available data on the anti-biofilm activity of NSAIDs and its relevance in a clinical context. We performed a systematic literature review to identify the most commonly tested NSAIDs drugs in the last 5 years, the bacterial species that have demonstrated to be responsive to their actions, and the emergence of resistance to these molecules. We found that most studies investigating NSAIDs’ activity against biofilms were in vitro, and frequently tested non-clinical bacterial isolates, which may not adequately represent the bacterial populations that cause clinically-relevant biofilm-related infections. Furthermore, studies concerning NSAIDs and antibiotic resistance are scarce, with divergent outcomes. Although the potential to use NSAIDs to control biofilm-related infections seems to be an exciting avenue, there is a paucity of studies that tested these drugs using appropriate in vivo models of biofilm infections or in controlled human clinical trials to support their repurposing as anti-biofilm agents.

Pharmacological Properties of Curcumin

2020 ◽  
pp. 235-248
Author(s):  
Anuradha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Cellular Factors

Curcumin, the polyphenol natural product, is a constituent of the traditional medicine known as turmeric. Extensive research over the last 50 years has indicated that this polyphenol displays potent pharmacological effects by targeting many critical cellular factors through a diverse array of mechanisms of action. However, there are some obstacles that prevent this wonder molecule to be effective in clinical settings and limit its use to topical applications only. Curcumin has recently been classified as both PAINS (panassay interference compounds) and an IMPS (invalid metabolic panaceas) candidate. Due to likely false activity of curcumin in vitro and in vivo has resulted unsuccessful clinical trial of curcumin against several disease. The chapter will review the essential medicinal chemistry of curcumin as well as envisage a compilation and discussion on the poor bioavailability of curcumin.

scholarly journals Isofraxidin: Synthesis, Biosynthesis, Isolation, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacological Properties

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bagher Majnooni ◽  
Sajad Fakhri ◽  
Yalda Shokoohinia ◽  
Mahdi Mojarrab ◽  
Sara Kazemi-Afrakoti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Hydroxy Coumarin ◽  
Factor Α

Isofraxidin (7-hydroxy-6, 8-dimethoxy coumarin) (IF) is a hydroxy coumarin with several biological and pharmacological activities. The plant kingdom is of the most prominent sources of IF, which, among them, Eleutherococcus and Fraxinus are the well-known genera in which IF could be isolated/extracted from their species. Considering the complex pathophysiological mechanisms behind some diseases (e.g., cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and heart diseases), introducing IF as a potent multi-target agent, which possesses several herbal sources and the multiple methods for isolation/purification/synthesis, along with the unique pharmacokinetic profile and low levels of side effects, could be of great importance. Accordingly, a comprehensive review was done without time limitations until February 2020. IF extraction methods include microwave, mechanochemical, and ultrasound, along with other conventional methods in the presence of semi-polar solvents such as ethyl acetate (EtOAc). In addition to the isolation methods, related synthesis protocols of IF is also of great importance. From the synthesis point of view, benzaldehyde derivatives are widely used as precursors for IF synthesis. Along with the methods of isolation and biosynthesis, IF pharmacokinetic studies showed hopeful in vivo results of its rapid absorption after oral uses, leading to different pharmacological effects. In this regard, IF targets varieties of inflammatory mediators including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). thereby indicating anticancer, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. This is the first review on the synthesis, biosynthesis, isolation, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties of IF in combating different diseases.

Anti-Inflammatory, Antiulcer and Anticancer Activities of Saponin Isolated from the Fruits of Ziziphus jujuba

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-399
Author(s):  
Ajay M. Chowdari ◽  
D. Giles
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Isolated Compound

Background: Ziziphus jujuba mill was commonly used for its anti-inflammatory activity in traditional system of medicine. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the isolates of methanolic extract from the fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Mill for its antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity. Methods: Methanolic extracts of Ziziphus jujuba Mill were subjected to chromatography and eluted using ethyl acetate: methanol mixture and investigated for its structural features using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. The isolated compound was evaluated for its in vitro COX-2 inhibition studies, cytotoxicity studies, in vivo anti-inflammatory, antiulcer and anticancer activity. Results: The spectral data revealed that the backbone of the isolate was 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl jujubogenin-20-O-(2,3,4-O-triacetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside. The isolated compound showed a significant reduction in inflammation and edema. Moderate anticancer activity was also observed for the isolate. Conclusion: It was concluded that the isolated saponin possesses moderate antiulcer, antiinflammatory, and anticancer activity which could help in the identification of leads for the treatment of cancer-related inflammation.

Maydis Stigma Elicits Analgesia and Blocks Edema in Mice and Inhibits Inflammation in Macrophages

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (07) ◽  
pp. 1477-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Hee Jeong ◽  
You-Chang Oh ◽  
Won-Kyung Cho ◽  
Hye Jin Yang ◽  
Jin Yeul Ma
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Ear Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Maydis Stigma (MS) is an herb traditionally used in many parts of the world. Previous studies have reported that MS plays a role in several biological activities, including antidiabetic and anticancer activities. However, the effects of a MS ethanolic extract (MSE) on the anti-inflammatory cellular mechanism remain unclear. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of MSE and its molecular mechanism both in vitro and in vivo. The effects of MSE on the production of inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and related proteins and the identification of target genes were determined using LPS-stimulated macrophages. We also determined the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of MSE by examining acetic acid-induced writhing responses and xylene-induced ear edema in mice. Our results indicated that MSE markedly decreased iNOS and COX-2 levels without causing cytotoxicity and suppressed the secretion of NO in LPS-stimulated macrophages. MSE also inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-6, and IL-1[Formula: see text], and induced the expression of HO-1. Moreover, MSE treatment significantly reduced the LPS-stimulated activation of MAPK, NF-[Formula: see text]B, and AP-1. Furthermore, MSE exerted an analgesic effect on the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing response test and an anti-inflammatory effect on xylene-induced ear edema in ICR mice. Finally, we investigated the components of MSE using UPLC-ESI-MS and found that it contains the maysin as a marker component. Overall, these observations demonstrate that MSE has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects both in vitro and in vivo, which may provide new scientific evidence for its use as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation.

In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of Zao-Jiao-Ci (the spine of Gleditsia sinensis Lam.) aqueous extract and its mechanisms of action

2016 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Kai Li ◽  
Xuelin Zhou ◽  
Hing Lok Wong ◽  
Chun Fai Ng ◽  
Wei Ming Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Gleditsia Sinensis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Association between Oral Cancer and Diet: An Update

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1299
Author(s):  
Jesús Rodríguez-Molinero ◽  
Blanca del Carmen Migueláñez-Medrán ◽  
Cristina Puente-Gutiérrez ◽  
Esther Delgado-Somolinos ◽  
Carmen Martín Carreras-Presas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Oral cancer, included within head and neck cancer, is the sixth most common malignant neoplasm in the world. The main etiological factors are tobacco and alcohol, although currently, diet is considered an important determinant for its development. Several dietary nutrients have specific mechanisms of action, contributing to both protection against cancer and increasing the risk for development, growth, and spread. Foods such as fruits, vegetables, curcumin, and green tea can reduce the risk of oral cancer, while the so-called pro-inflammatory diet, rich in red meat and fried foods, can enhance the risk of occurrence. Dietary factors with a protective effect show different mechanisms that complement and overlap with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-proliferative effects. The main limitation of in vivo studies is the complexity of isolating the effects related to each one of the nutrients and the relationship with other possible etiological mechanisms. On the contrary, in vitro studies allow determining the specific mechanisms of action of some of the dietary compounds. In conclusion, and despite research limitations, the beneficial effects of a diet rich in vegetables and fruits are attributed to different micronutrients that are also found in fish and animal products. These compounds show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-proliferative properties that have a preventive role in the development of oral and other types of cancer.

scholarly journals Dietary Anthocyanins and Stroke: A Review of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manolescu ◽  
Oprea ◽  
Mititelu ◽  
Ruta ◽  
Farcasanu
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accidents ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Cerebrovascular accidents are currently the second major cause of death and the third leading cause of disability in the world, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), which has provided protocols for stroke prevention. Although there is a multitude of studies on the health benefits associated with anthocyanin (ACN) consumption, there is no a rigorous systematization of the data linking dietary ACN with stroke prevention. This review is intended to present data from epidemiological, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies dealing with the stroke related to ACN-rich diets or ACN supplements, along with possible mechanisms of action revealed by pharmacokinetic studies, including ACN passage through the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

scholarly journals Osthole: A Review on Its Bioactivities, Pharmacological Properties, and Potential as Alternative Medicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Rong Zhang ◽  
Wing Nang Leung ◽  
Ho Yee Cheung ◽  
Chun Wai Chan
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Cgmp Level ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

This paper reviews the latest understanding of biological and pharmacological properties of osthole (7-methoxy-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one), a natural product found in several medicinal plants such asCnidium monnieriandAngelica pubescens.In vitroandin vivoexperimental results have revealed that osthole demonstrates multiple pharmacological actions including neuroprotective, osteogenic, immunomodulatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular protective, and antimicrobial activities. In addition, pharmacokinetic studies showed osthole uptake and utilization are fast and efficient in body. Moreover, the mechanisms of multiple pharmacological activities of osthole are very likely related to the modulatory effect on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cGMP) level, though some mechanisms remain unclear. This review aims to summarize the pharmacological properties of osthole and give an overview of the underlying mechanisms, which showcase its potential as a multitarget alternative medicine.

In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and ulcerogenic activities of pyridone and chromenopyridone derivatives, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 104742
Author(s):  
Eman A. Fayed ◽  
Ashraf H. Bayoumi ◽  
Aya S. Saleh ◽  
Elham M. Ezz Al-Arab ◽  
Yousry A. Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Anti Inflammatory
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