Blue light hazard: does rat retina make relevant model for discussing exposure limit values applicable to humans?

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
S. Point ◽  
M. Beroud
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Relevant Model ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
Rat Retina ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Scientific Papers

Recent scientific papers have drawn attention to potential blue light hazard associated with the use of LED lighting and the validity of exposure limit values of safety norms has been called into question. But can data coming from rat model experiments be extrapolated to human? This article provides some basic recommendations regarding rat retinal irradiance calculations and its potential extrapolation to human.

Blue Light Hazard: are exposure limit values protective enough for newborn infants?

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Point
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Night Lights

Blue Light Hazard is an emerging concern for health of population. Nevertheless, acute exposure to blue rays from artificial light is well taken into account by normative requirements applicable to lamps engineering and risk for general population is low. There is also no evidence for a chronic effect of artificial lighting on retina for general population at radiance below exposure limit values. That said, children in the very first years of life constitute a specific population to consider. On one side, eye anatomy of very young infants is different from elder young people or adults. On the other side, infants can be in close contact with some luminous toys or night lights. This paper presents a first approach for taking into account the specific anatomy of newborn infants’ eyes in blue light hazard evaluation. Results show that differences of crystalline lens transparency, focal length and pupil diameter could induce a significantly higher retinal exposure than for adult.

The Effects of Two Stereoisomers of N-Acetylcysteine on Photochemical Damage by UVA and Blue Light in Rat Retina

1999 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelco M. Busch ◽  
Theo G. M. F. Gorgels ◽  
Joan E. Roberts ◽  
Dirk van Norren
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Rat Retina ◽  
Photochemical Damage

scholarly journals Effects of communicating uncertainty descriptions in hazard identification, risk characterization, and risk protection

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253762
Author(s):  
Peter Wiedemann ◽  
Franziska U. Boerner ◽  
Frederik Freudenstein
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Qualitative Uncertainty ◽  
Risk Protection ◽  
Uncertainty Information

Uncertainty is a crucial issue for any risk assessment. Consequently, it also poses crucial challenges for risk communications. Many guidebooks advise reporting uncertainties in risk assessments, expecting that the audience will appreciate this disclosure. However, the empirical evidence about the effects of uncertainty reporting is sparse and inconclusive. Therefore, based on examples of potential health risks of electromagnetic fields (EMF), three experiments were conducted analysing the effects of communicating uncertainties separately for hazard identification, risk characterisation and risk protection. The setups aimed to explore how reporting and how explaining of uncertainty affects dependent variables such as risk perception, perceived competence of the risk assessors, and trust in risk management. Each of the three experiments used a 2x2 design with a first factor presenting uncertainty descriptions (as used in public controversies on EMF related health effects) or describing a certainty conditions; and a second factor explaining the causes of uncertainties (by pointing at knowledge gaps) or not explaining them. The study results indicate that qualitative uncertainty descriptions regarding hazard identification reduce the confidence in the professional competencies of the assessors. In contrast, a quantitative uncertainty description in risk characterisation–regarding the magnitude of the risk–does not affect any of the dependent variables. Concerning risk protection, trust in exposure limit values is not affected by qualitative uncertainty information. However, the qualitative description of uncertainty regarding the adequacy of protection amplifies fears. Furthermore, explaining this uncertainty results in lower text understandability.

scholarly journals A Human-Relevant 3D In Vitro Platform for an Effective and Rapid Simulation of Workplace Exposure to Nanoparticles: Silica Nanoparticles as Case Study

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisana Di Cristo ◽  
Fabio Boccuni ◽  
Sergio Iavicoli ◽  
Stefania Sabella
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Workplace Exposure ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Airway Model

In this contribution, we show the suitability of a 3D airway model, when coupled with a nebulizer system, for simulating workplace exposure to nanoparticles. As a proof of concept, workplace exposure to silica nanoparticles was experimentally measured in an occupational facility where nanoparticles are produced weekly, and compared with the official limit value for bulk silica materials. These values of potential exposure were simulated in a 3D airway model by nebulizing low doses (from 0.90 to 55 µg/cm2) of silica nanoparticles over a prolonged period (12 weeks of repeated exposure, 5 days per week). Overall, the results suggest the efficiency of the defense mechanisms of the respiratory system and the clearance of the breathed silica nanoparticles by the mucociliary apparatus in accordance with the recent in vivo data. This in vitro platform shows that the doses tested may correlate with the occupational exposure limit values. Such relationship could provide regulatory-oriented data useful for risk classification of nanomaterials.

scholarly journals Blue light induced apoptosis in rat retina

Eye ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangmei Wu ◽  
Stefan Seregard ◽  
Berit Spångberg ◽  
Margareta Oskarsson ◽  
Enping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Rat Retina ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

scholarly journals Visual Functional Effects of Constant Blue Light in a Retinal Degenerate Rat Model

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biju B. Thomas ◽  
Magdalene J. Seiler ◽  
Robert B. Aramant ◽  
Deedar Samant ◽  
Guanting Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Rat Model

scholarly journals The wave resistance formula of J.H. Michell (1898) and Its significance to recent research in ship hydrodynamics

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Tuck
Keyword(s):  
Wave Resistance ◽  
Numerical Work ◽  
Ship Hydrodynamics ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Ship Hydrodynamic ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Do So

AbstractJohn Henry Michell (1863–1940) published scientific papers only between 1890 and 1902, but included in his 23 papers from that short but productive period are some of the most important contributions ever made by an Australian mathematician. In this article I shall concentrate on the extraordinary 1898 paper “The wave resistance of a ship” Phil. Mag.(5) 45, 106–123. There are many reasons why this paper was an astounding achievement, but perhaps the most remarkable is that the resulting formula has not been improved upon to this day. In the computer age, many efforts have been made to do so, but with little success so far. The formula itself involves a triple integral of an integrand constructed from the offset data for the ship's hull, and even the task of evaluating this triple integral is not a trivial one on today's computers; another reason for admiration of Michell's own heroic hand-calculated numerical work in the 1890's. Lack of a routine algorithm for Michell's integral has inhibited its use by naval architects and ship hydrodynamic laboratories, and there has been a tendency for it to receive a bad press based on unfair comparisons, e.g. comparison of model experiments (themselves often suspect) with inaccurate computations or computations for the wrong hull, etc. The original integral is in fact quite reasonable as an engineering tool, and some new results confirming this are shown. Improvement beyond Michell is however needed in some important speed ranges, and indications are given of recent approaches that may be promising.

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