scholarly journals Utilization of air conditioner condenser as water heater in an effort to energy conservation

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hery Sonawan ◽  
Panji Saputro ◽  
Iden Muhtar Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Second Mode ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Compressor Power

This paper presents an experimental study of utilization of air conditioner condenser as water heater. Modification of existing air conditioner system is an effort to harvest waste heat energy from condenser. Modification is conducted in order to test the system into two mode tests, first mode with one condenser and second mode with two condensers. Harvesting the waste heat from condenser needs a theoretical and practice study to see how much the AC performance changes if modifications are made. It should also be considered how the technique of harvesting waste heat for water heating purposes. From the problem, this paper presents a comparison between AC performance before and after modification. From the experiment, an increase in compressor power consumption is 4.3% after adding a new condenser. The hot water temperature is attained to 69 °C and ready for warm bath. The increase in power consumption is not too significant compared to the attainable hot water temperature. Also seen that the value of condenser Performance Factor increase from 5.8 to 6.25 or by 7.8%.

scholarly journals Hot-Water Treatment of Mango Fruits to Reduce Anthracnose Decay

1969 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-283
Author(s):  
William Pennock ◽  
Gilberto Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Before And After

1. Anthracnose damage was greatly reduced in mango fruit picked at shipping maturity and immersed in hot water before storage and subsequent ripening. 2. The equipment and method of treating the fruits are described and discussed. 3. A precise technique which was devised for measuring anthracnose damage before and after storage is also described. 4. Immersion of the fruit for 15 minutes in water held at temperatures between 51° C. and 51.5° C., with a safety margin of 0.5° C., is recommended for commercial practice before packing and shipment. Water temperature must be kept below 52° C. to prevent possible scalding of the fruit.

Effect of heat flushing on the concentrations of Legionella pneumophila and other heterotrophic microbes in hot water systems of apartment buildings

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 811-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi M. Zacheus ◽  
Pertti J. Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Microbes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Circulating Water System

The decontamination of Legionella pneumophila and other heterotrophic microbes by heat flushing in four legionellae-positive hot water systems was studied. Before the decontamination procedure, the concentration of legionellae varied from 3.0 × 10−3 to 3.5 × 10−5 cfu/L and the hot water temperature from 43.6 to 51.5 °C. During the contamination the temperature was raised to 60–70 °C. All taps and showers were cleaned from sediments and flushed with hot water twice a day for several minutes. The decontamination lasted for 2–4 weeks. In a few weeks the heat-flushing method reduced the concentration of legionellae below the detection limit (50 cfu/L) in the hot circulating water system just before and after the heat exchanger. The high hot water temperature also decreased the viable counts of heterotrophic bacteria, fungi, and total microbial cells determined by the epifluorescent microscopy. However, the eradication of legionellae failed in a water system where the water temperature remained below 60 °C in some parts of the system. After the decontamination, the temperature of hot water was lowered to 55 °C. Thereafter, all the studied hot water systems were recolonized by legionellae within a few months, showing that the decontamination by heat flushing was temporary. Also, the contamination of other bacteria increased in a few months to the level before decontamination.Key words: legionellae, hot water system, decontamination, water temperature, heterotrophic bacteria.

Performance of Air Conditioners With Commercial Desuperheaters: A Green Energy Project as an Undergraduate Research

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emin Yilmaz ◽  
Abhijit Nagchaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Design Project ◽  
Heating Mode

The goal of the design project titled “Domestic Hot Water Heater Using Air Conditioner Waste Heat” was to introduce students to designing mechanical systems in the “ETME475-Mechanical Systems Design” course. Two students completed the design project in spring 2007. Some test runs were conducted with a commercial desuperheater to measure the efficiency of the unit and its effect on the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the Heat Pump when the heat pump is operated in air conditioning (A/C) mode. Contrary to author’s expectations, results indicated that, COP values were reduced by about 22%. Measured efficiency of the desuperheater was about 18% [1]. The current project is an extension of the original project with the new National Instruments data acquisition board, a newly developed LabVIEW data acquisition program, and with a more realistic heat transfer loop. The study covers performance of the heat pump operating in A/C mode as well as in heating mode. Results indicate, depending on the water temperature in the desuperheater, heat pump COP dropped 6–17% in A/C mode and 8–38% in heating mode. Again depending on the average water temperature in the ECU, the ECU efficiencies ranged from 12% to 27% for cooling and 11% to 39% for heating.

A New Performance Estimate Method for Design of Storage-Type Domestic Electrical Water-Heaters Based on the CFD Simulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 129-131 ◽  
pp. 463-466
Author(s):  
Li Li Zhao ◽  
Zhi Jun Zhang ◽  
Shi Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
New Method ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Water Heaters

The 3D physical model of the electrical water heater was built. The water-heater performance was resolved by computer fluid dynamics simulation (CFD). The heater performance is characterized by a new method rather than that the discharge efficiency, extraction efficiency and fraction of heat recoverable. The new method is based on the constant discharge water temperature and rate for end user, 5L/min and 43°C that include the hot water from EWH and cold water from outside EWH. But the water discharge rate from EWH was variable as the water temperature discharge from EWH was variable. Compared with the traditional method, it is more close to the user using reality condition.

Experimental Study on Miniature-Refrigeration System

2012 ◽  
Vol 531-532 ◽  
pp. 584-587
Author(s):  
Juan Juan Yang ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Xin Yang Cui
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Chilled Water ◽  
Compressor Power ◽  
System Power

A prototype of miniature cooling system was developed, which mainly consists of the miniature compressor from DONG YUAN and a spiral-tube evaporator designed by ourselves. The performances of the prototype with different parameters were tested. The influence of ambient temperature, chilled water temperature on the performance of the cooling system were analyzed. The best operating conditions and the optimum amount of refrigerant were obtained. Conclusions were gotten as follows:1) With environment temperature rising, compression ratio increases, system power consumption increases and refrigerating capacity COP decreases. 2) With chilled water temperature rising, compression ratio and power consumption decrease, refrigerating capacity increases, and COP increases rapidly.3) Paper gets system performance: refrigerating capacity is 63 W, compressor power consumption is 24.5 W, COP value is 2.57. in operation condition: refrigerant amount is 40g, environment temperature is 30°C, chilled water temperature is 40 °C, chilled water mass flow is 45 kg/h.

scholarly journals A method for measuring the cleaning effect of flushing disinfectors

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åke Cederberg ◽  
Kai Österberg
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Mechanical Effect ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Flushing Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Mechanical Cleaning

SUMMARYA method is presented with which the mechanical cleaning effect of flushing disinfectors can be estimated independently of the thermal disinfecting effect of the hot flushing water. This makes it possible to specify the demands to be placed on the disinfecting effect of flushing with water of 85°C or more.Bacillus stearothermophilus spores suspended in faeces were used as indicators because of their non-sensitivity to the hot-water temperature. Their elimination by flushing could thus be attributed to the mechanical effect of the water and not to the disinfecting effect of the temperature. A simple bacteriological technique was used, and the elimination factor (EF) was calculated as the ratio of the number of micro-organisms in the contamination before and after flushing. By using flushing water below 50°C for 130 s the EF on a bedpan was about 104–106. The effect of flushing with water of the same temperature for only half that time was somewhat weaker and when the temperature was raised to 85 °C after half the flushing time the effect was somewhat stronger.It can be presumed that the conventional disinfecting phase with hot (85 °C) water for about 45 s in the commonly used flushing units could be substantially shortened and the costs of their use thereby reduced.

scholarly journals Regeneration of Electrical Energy from Waste Geothermal Fluid in Geothermal Power Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-531
Author(s):  
Mahmut Hekim ◽  
Engin Cetin
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Geothermal Fluid ◽  
Geothermal Power ◽  
Electrical Energy Production

Geothermal power plants are the plants that provide the conversion of thermal energy in geothermal fluid to electrical energy as a result of the extraction of underground hot water resources to the earth by drilling. The total installed power of geothermal power plants in the field of geothermal resources in Turkey has reached 1,336 MW. The geothermal fluid, which is used for electric power generation in geothermal power plants, is re-injected into the underground wells after electrical energy production. For efficient generation of electrical energy in geothermal power plants, it is aimed to reuse the waste heat energy within the geothermal fluid before it is sent to the re-injection well. To achieve this aim, thermoelectric generator modules which convert waste heat energy to electrical energy can be used. In this study, a thermoelectric generator-based geothermal power plant simulator that converts geothermal fluid waste heat into electrical energy is installed and commissioned in the laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Numerical Study on the Effect of Mean Pressure and Loop's Radius to the Onset Temperature and Efficiency of Traveling Wave Termoacustic Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Endang Dian Rokhmawati ◽  
Irna Farikhah ◽  
Ummi Kaltsum ◽  
Harto Nuroso ◽  
Aan Burhanudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traveling Wave ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Onset Temperature ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
Stability Limits

The thermoacoustic engine can be a device to convert waste heat energy in the engine car become useful energy such as for charging battery in car or Air conditioner of the car. This work can be done by experimentally and numerically. There are some parameters that have an impact on the performance of the engine. They are geometry of the engines, working fluid, and mean pressure. The performance of the engine depends on the efficiency and the heating temperature. In the car, waste heat energy is not high enough. Therefore, we need to utilize the low heating temperature to be converted into useful energy. This study contributes to numerically the effect of mean pressure and loop’s radius of the regenerator on the onset temperature and the efficiency of traveling wave thermoacoustic engines. The application that is used to solve numerical problems is fortran95. There are two codings that are used in fortran95. They are stability limits and efficiency codes. The lowest onset temperature that achieved is 153˚C with efficiency up to 38.1% that can be reached when the mean pressure is 4.0 MPa and the loop's radius is 5 cm. This result indicated that we can use low heating temperatures from waste heat of engine car to turn on electronics equipment inside the car.

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