scholarly journals Beyond the 2008 World Health Organization classification: the role of the hematopathology laboratory in the diagnosis and management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie McGregor ◽  
Jennifer McNeer ◽  
Sandeep Gurbuxani
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Organization Classification ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals BCR-ABL1–like B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarika Jain ◽  
Anu Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Context.— In the 2016 update of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic neoplasms, BCR-ABL1–like B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL) is added as a new provisional entity that lacks the BCR-ABL1 translocation but shows a pattern of gene expression very similar to that seen in B-ALL with BCR-ABL1. Objective.— To review the kinase-activating alterations and the diagnostic approach for BCR-ABL1–like B-ALL. Data Sources.— We provide a comprehensive review of BCR-ABL1–like B-ALL based on recent literature and the 2016 update of the World Health Organization classification of hematopoietic neoplasms. Conclusions.— Several types of kinase-activating alterations (fusions or mutations) are identified in BCR-ABL1–like B-ALL. The main categories are alterations in the ABL class family of genes, encompassing ABL1, ABL2, PDGFRB, PDGFRA (rare), and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) fusions, or the JAK2 class family of genes, encompassing alterations in JAK2, CRLF2, EPOR, and other genes in this pathway. These alterations determine the sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. As a wide variety of genomic alterations are included in this category, the diagnosis of BCR-ABL1–like B-ALL is extremely complex. Stepwise algorithms and comprehensive unbiased testing are the 2 ways to approach the diagnosis of BCR-ABL1–like B-ALL.

scholarly journals Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Classification, Clinical features and Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Fatimah Kadhim Ibrahim AL- Mahdawi ◽  
◽  
Mazin Razooqi Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Leukemias are classified as lymphoid or myeloid, dependent on the type of stem cell that is affected. In addition, leukemia is classified as chronic or acute. Acute leukemia is a production of bone marrow-derived immature cells (blasts), include solid organs or peripheral blood. The FAB Cooperative Group original classification scheme proposed to divide1 ALL into three subtypes (L1 - L3). Currently, the world health organization (WHO), modify FAB classification depending on immunophenotype. Symptoms presence of anemia, splenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia, and those are naturally present at diagnosis, indicating the degree to which leukemic lymphoblasts have replaced the bone marrow and the first mark to an ALL diagnosis is typically an abnormal complete blood count result. Objective: To introduce causes of acute lymphocytic leukemia, recent classification methods, diagnosis, and symptoms and diagnosis. Conclusion: Acute lymphocytic leukemia occurs due to a defect in the bone marrow and is classified into several types. The most important classification by the World Health Organization is depending on immunophenotype. The main symptoms are the increase in white blood cells with anemia and thrombocytopenia. Keywords: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Blood

Treatment Options in COVID-19: The Role of Bioavailable Antiviral Ribonucleoside Analog on NHC in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

On December 31, 2019, WHO was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan City, China. A novel coronavirus was identified as the cause by Chinese authorities on January 7, 2020 and was provisionally named "2019-nCoV". This new Coronavirus causes a clinical picture which has received now the name COVID-19. The virus has spread subsequently worldwide and was explained on the 11th of March, 2020 by the World Health Organization to the pandemic.

scholarly journals Recent Updates on Neuroendocrine Tumors From the Gastrointestinal and Pancreatobiliary Tracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo Young Kim ◽  
Seung-Mo Hong
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Labeling Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Organization Classification ◽  
Clinicopathologic Characteristics ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Health Organization

Context.—Gastrointestinal (GI) and pancreatobiliary tracts contain a variety of neuroendocrine cells that constitute a diffuse endocrine system. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) from these organs are heterogeneous tumors with diverse clinical behaviors. Recent improvements in the understanding of NETs from the GI and pancreatobiliary tracts have led to more-refined definitions of the clinicopathologic characteristics of these tumors. Under the 2010 World Health Organization classification scheme, NETs are classified as grade (G) 1 NETs, G2 NETs, neuroendocrine carcinomas, and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas. Histologic grades are dependent on mitotic counts and the Ki-67 labeling index. Several new issues arose after implementation of the 2010 World Health Organization classification scheme, such as issues with well-differentiated NETs with G3 Ki-67 labeling index and the evaluation of mitotic counts and Ki-67 labeling. Hereditary syndromes, including multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, neurofibromatosis 1, and tuberous sclerosis, are related to NETs of the GI and pancreatobiliary tracts. Several prognostic markers of GI and pancreatobiliary tract NETs have been introduced, but many of them require further validation. Objective.—To understand clinicopathologic characteristics of NETs from the GI and pancreatobiliary tracts. Data Sources.—PubMed (US National Library of Medicine) reports were reviewed. Conclusions.—In this review, we briefly summarize recent developments and issues related to NETs of the GI and pancreatobiliary tracts.

scholarly journals The new World Health Organization classification of lung tumours

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Brambilla ◽  
W.D. Travis ◽  
T.V. Colby ◽  
B. Corrin ◽  
Y. Shimosato
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
New World ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Organization Classification ◽  
Lung Tumours ◽  
Health Organization
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