Medizinische Behandlungsmethoden: Was macht sie medizinisch notwendig? Teil I: Medizinische Methoden, medizinische Notwendigkeit und ihre Hauptkriterien

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 933-944
Author(s):  
Heiner Raspe ◽  
Daniel R. Friedrich ◽  
Anke Harney ◽  
Stefan Huster ◽  
Bettina Schoene-Seifert

Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie „Medizinische Notwendigkeit“ (MedN) ist ein unscharfer Begriff. Ziel unseres Projekts ist es, ihn zwischen Medizinethik, Sozialrecht und Sozialmedizin so zu konkretisieren, dass er sich für die Versorgungssteuerung v. a. im Bereich der GKV eignet. In einer ersten Publikation wurde MedN als dreistelliger Begriff identifiziert: Ein bestimmter klinischer Zustand erfordert, um ein bestimmtes medizinisches Ziel zu erreichen, eine bestimmte medizinische Methode. Im folgenden zweiteiligen Text werden Kriterien gesucht und diskutiert, die medizinische Methoden als medizinisch generell notwendig (medn) bestimmen lassen. Dabei werden ein nicht-trivialer klinischer Zustand und ein relevantes, legitimes und erreichbares Behandlungsziel als gegeben vorausgesetzt. Hier präsentieren wir den ersten Teil unserer Überlegungen und Ergebnisse. Methodik Auf der Basis einer umfangreichen medizinethischen, sozialrechtlichen und sozialmedizinischen Literatur und ausgehend von einem unstrittigen Fall (Thrombolyse bei akutem Schlaganfall) bedienten wir uns generell eines kritisch-rekonstruktiven Vorgehens. Zuerst präzisierten wir den Begriff der „medizinischen Methode“. Wir prüften dann in mehreren interdisziplinären Diskussionsrunden, welche kriteriellen Anleihen wir bei drei Systemen der Versorgungssteuerung machen könnten: bei Methoden zur Entwicklung klinischer Praxisleitlinien als Kompendien von Indikationsregeln, beim nationalen Priorisierungsprogramm des schwedischen Systems der medizinischen Versorgung und beim HTA Core Model des European Networks for Health Technology Assessments als Instrument der Politikberatung. Ergebnisse Als die 2 „medizinischen“ Hauptkriterien der MedN von medizinischen Methoden bestimmten wir deren generelle klinische Wirksamkeit und deren Nützlichkeit (Nettonutzen). Als drittes – epistemisches – Kriterium ist obligat die jeweilige Evidenzlage zu berücksichtigen. Der Rückgriff auf die Leitlinienentwicklung und das Priorisierungsprogramm führte zu der Frage, ob MedN als binärer oder gradueller Begriff zu fassen ist. In Übereinstimmung mit SGB V plädieren wir dafür, bei der dort unterstellten Dichotomie (medn ja/nein) zu bleiben. Weitere Diskussionen gelten multifaktoriellen MedN-Konstellationen, der Reichweite des MedN-Begriffs und der Variabilität von Evidenzanforderungen. Schlussfolgerungen Wie immer MedN inhaltlich konkretisiert wird, es erscheint ausgeschlossen, die schließlich zu operationalisierenden und abzuwägenden Kriterien in einen Algorithmus einzustellen. Auf jeder Stufe der Entwicklung eines Programms zur Prüfung medizinischer Methoden auf MedN sind deliberative Anstrengungen unumgänglich.

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Martina Andellini ◽  
Francesco Faggiano ◽  
Roxana di Mauro ◽  
Pietro Derrico ◽  
Matteo Ritrovato

Introduction:The purpose of this study is to gather evidence on safety and overall effectiveness of three alternative technologies for gait rehabilitation in diplegic children with Cerebral Palsy: robotic, conventional and joint conventional and robotic gait training.Methods:A new methodology, decision-oriented health technology assessment (DoHTA), was applied to assess the technology on clinical, technical, organizational, economic, social and ethical, legal and safety domains. This method, conceived as a hospital-based HTA tool for supporting the introduction of innovative technologies, has been implemented merging the EUnetHTA Core Model® with the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. In particular, the general items of the EUnetHTA Core Model® are re-formulated as performance indicators and re-placed along a decision tree structure that, from the one hand, respects the original top-down design of the EUnetHTA model (growing level of detail from domains to issues) and, from the other hand, allows obtaining a quantitative evaluation of each identified performance indicator.Results:The multiple indicators, which have been identified for the seven domains, play important and different roles in the alternative technologies evaluation. DoHTA results showed that robotic system offers the possibility to control more accurately the exerted forces and movement trajectories than the traditional therapy. It gives the possibility to measure the task performances parameters and to receive the patient feedback simultaneously. To carry out robotic gait rehabilitation fewer therapists are required compared with the conventional therapy, resulting in lower therapists’ physical workload.Conclusions:Despite the great perspectives that robotics offer to motor rehabilitation, it seems that robotic gait training could not provide greater benefits in terms of motor and functional recovery compared to the conventional therapy. Preliminary results, supported by most recent literature evidence, lead to the hypothesis that joint use of robotic and conventional therapy can produce better clinical outcomes than the separate use of the two rehabilitation techniques.


2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Gyldmark ◽  
Kristian Lampe ◽  
Jörg Ruof ◽  
Johannes Pöhlmann ◽  
Ansgar Hebborn ◽  
...  

Objectives:The HTA Core Model® was developed to improve the transferability of health technology assessment (HTA) between settings. The model has been used by HTA agencies but is also of interest to manufacturers, for improving internal evidence generation and communicating with other HTA stakeholders. To establish if the model is fit for purpose from an industry perspective, the pharmaceutical company Roche, collaborating with the European Network for HTA (EUnetHTA), conducted an assessment of the model.Methods:A questionnaire was developed to evaluate all assessment elements in the HTA Core Model v2.0 for their usefulness in meeting payers’ evidence needs and demonstrating value. The questionnaire was completed by country affiliate teams working in evidence generation and reimbursement submissions for pharmaceuticals. Survey results were discussed in workshops to ensure consistency and alignment between teams.Results:The questionnaire was completed by six teams. An additional team from global pricing and market access participated in workshops. Model domains pertaining to the health problem and current technology use, technology description, clinical effectiveness, and economic value were considered most important because they meet payers’ evidence needs. Overall, the model was considered useful to improve the efficiency of HTA evidence generation, share evidence internally, and communicate value to payers and HTA agencies.Conclusions:From an industry perspective, the HTA Core Model provides a useful framework and common terminology for efficient generation of transferable HTA evidence. The timeliness, efficiency, and transparency of HTA processes could be improved by a more standardized approach to HTA across settings.


Author(s):  
Vladimir Vukovic ◽  
Carlo Favaretti ◽  
Walter Ricciardi ◽  
Chiara de Waure

Objectives:Evaluation is crucial for integration of e-Health/m-Health into healthcare systems and health technology assessment (HTA) could offer sound methodological basis for these evaluations. Aim of this study was to look for HTA reports on e-Health/m-Health technologies and to analyze their transparency, consistency and thoroughness, with the goal to detect areas that need improvement.Methods:PubMed, ISI-WOS, and University of York – Centre for Reviews and Dissemination–electronic databases were searched to identify reports on e-Health/m-Health technologies, published up until April 1, 2016. The International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA) checklist was used to evaluate transparency and consistency of included reports. Thoroughness was assessed by checking the presence of domains suggested by the European network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) HTA Core Model.Results:Twenty-eight reports published between 1999 and 2015 were included. Most were delivered by non-European countries (71.4 percent) and only 35.7 percent were classified as full reports. All the HTA reports defined the scope of research whereas more than 80 percent provided author details, summary, discussed findings, and conclusion. On the contrary, policy and research questions were clearly defined in around 30 percent and 50 percent of reports. With respect to the EUnetHTA Core Model, around 70 percent of reports dealt with effectiveness and economic evaluation, more than 50 percent described health problem and approximately 40 percent organizational and social aspects.Conclusions:E-Health/m-Health technologies are increasingly present in the field of HTA. Yet, our review identified several missing elements. Most of the reports failed to respond to relevant assessment components, especially ethical, social and organizational implications.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Péter Szegner

Az egészségügy finanszírozása és fenntarthatósága kapcsán kiemelt fontosságú a bizonyítékokon alapuló döntéshozatal. Napjaink diszruptív trendjei – például a digitalizáció, az adatvezérelt rendszerek, és természetesen a COVID-19 járvány – illetve az egészségügyi rendszerek átalakulása következtében kiemelt szerep juthat a multidiszciplináris egészségügyi technológiaértékelés (Health Technology Assessment, HTA) területének. Magyar országon 2004 óta működik a HTA-val kapcsolatos feladatokat ellátó, társadalombiztosítási befogadási folyamatban döntéstámogató szereppel bíró Országos Gyógyszerészeti és Élelmezés-egészségügyi Intézet Technológia-értékelő Főosztálya (TÉF). Európai szinten a European Network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) tekinthető az egyik legnagyobb volumenű nemzetközi kezdeményezésnek a területen, mely 2021-ben 29 országból 81 szervezetet ölelt fel. Az EUnetHTA számos eszköze és közös értékelése segíti a tagállamokat, ennek keretében jött létre a HTA Core Model, a gyártókkal folytatott korai tudományos konzultációk, vagy a befogadást követő tudományos bizonyítékok előállítását célzó pilotok. A jövőt illetően kiemelendő, hogy 2021 második felét követően jelentős átalakulás veszi kezdetét az európai technológiaértékelésben – így az EUnetHTA hálózat évtizedes együttműködése nem folytatódik tovább jelen formájában. Az átalakulás egyik fő hajtóereje az Európai Parlament és az Európai Unió Tanácsa által 2021 júniusában elfogadott HTA szabályozás. Az EUnetHTA által kidolgozott jövőbeli HTA együttműködés modellje (FMC) és az elmúlt 15 év nemzetközi tapasztalatai alapján állítható, hogy az ellátórendszerben megjelenő számos lehetőségre és kihívásra megfelelő választ tud majd adni az európai HTA közösség. A végső cél pedig továbbra is a betegek számára hozzáférhető és fenntartható egészségügyi szolgáltatások biztosítása, illetve a társadalom egészségi állapotának javítása lesz.


Author(s):  
Pierre Ducournau ◽  
Cornelia Irl ◽  
Iain Tatt ◽  
Mary McCarvil ◽  
Marlene Gyldmark

AbstractObjectivesEvidence requirements and assessment methods access differ between health technology assessment (HTA) agencies. The HTA Core Model® provides a standardized approach to HTA, targeting evidence sharing and collaboration between participating HTA bodies. It is fit for purpose from an industry perspective and was used by pharmaceutical company Roche to develop a framework for internal assessment of evidence required for market access and coverage/reimbursement (“access evidence”).MethodsTools were developed to systematically scope, assess, plan, and summarize access evidence generation. The tools were based mainly on the first four HTA Core Model® domains and rolled-out in selected development teams in 2017. Five months after full implementation, the impact of tools was assessed in an internal survey.ResultsSystematic access evidence generation started with the Access Evidence Questionnaire, to scope evidence requirements and identify evidence gaps. Findings were summarized in the Access Evidence Metric, which assessed the alignment of available/planned evidence against HTA bodies’ requirements and developed scope mitigation strategies. The Access Evidence Plan was then used to plan and document (additional) evidence generation. Once generated, evidence was summarized in the Access Evidence Dossier. A survey of twenty-seven Roche employees involved in evidence generation showed that the tools made discussions around access strategies and evidence more efficient and transparent.ConclusionsThe HTA Core Model® provided a useful framework around which to optimize internal evidence generation and assessment. The benefits of using a standardized HTA approach in industry mirror those expected from implementing the HTA Core Model® in HTA agencies.


2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 414-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Mette Ølholm ◽  
Kristian Kidholm ◽  
Mette Birk-Olsen ◽  
Janne Buck Christensen

Objectives: There is growing interest in implementing hospital-based health technology assessment (HB-HTA) as a tool to facilitate decision making based on a systematic and multidisciplinary assessment of evidence. However, the decision-making process, including the informational needs of hospital decision makers, is not well described. The objective was to review empirical studies analysing the information that hospital decision makers need when deciding about health technology (HT) investments.Methods: A systematic review of empirical studies published in English or Danish from 2000 to 2012 was carried out. The literature was assessed by two reviewers working independently. The identified informational needs were assessed with regard to their agreement with the nine domains of EUnetHTA's Core Model.Results: A total of 2,689 articles were identified and assessed. The review process resulted in 14 relevant studies containing 74 types of information that hospital decision makers found relevant. In addition to information covered by the Core Model, other types of information dealing with political and strategic aspects were identified. The most frequently mentioned types of information in the literature related to clinical, economic and political/strategic aspects. Legal, social, and ethical aspects were seldom considered most important.Conclusions: Hospital decision makers are able to describe their information needs when deciding on HT investments. The different types of information were not of equal importance to hospital decision makers, however, and full agreement between EUnetHTA's Core Model and the hospital decision-makers’ informational needs was not observed. They also need information on political and strategic aspects not covered by the Core Model.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Elvira ◽  
Mercè Obach ◽  
Caridad Pontes

Abstract Background Heterogeneity in drug access throughout Europe may be influenced by differences in drug-assessment strategies. The EUnetHTA’s assessment core model (EUnetHTA-core) and the EVIDEM’s multicriteria framework are reference methodologies in this context, the latter including a wider compromise between non-contextual and contextual criteria. Compliance of 37 European Health Technology Assessment bodies (HTAb) with EUnetHTA-core has been reported, but the use of EVIDEM by this HTAb is still unknown. Methods To describe the uptake and use of multicriteria approaches to evaluate drug value by European HTAb using EVIDEM as reference framework, a multicriteria framework was obtained based on EVIDEM model. The criteria used for drug appraisal by HTAb was extracted from the EUnetHTA report, and completed through search of websites, publications and HTAb reports. Use of EVIDEM assessment model in 37 European HTAb has been described semi-quantitatively and summarized using an alignment heatmap. Results Aligned, medium or misaligned profiles were seen for 24,3%, 51,4% and 24,3% of HTAb when matching to EVIDEM dimensions and criteria was considered. HTAb with explicit responsibilities in providing specific advice on reimbursement showed more aligned profiles on contextual and non-contextual dimensions. Conclusions EUnetHTA’s core model is limited in assessing medicines while EVIDEM’s framework provides contextual dimension used by some HTAb in Europe that can be escalated to other agencies. Most of the 37 European HTAb have room to broaden their contextual assessment tools, especially when social and medical perception of need requires to be explicit to support payer’s decision on reimbursement.


2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (S2) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Pasternack ◽  
Heidi Anttila ◽  
Marjukka Mäkelä ◽  
Tuija Ikonen ◽  
Pirjo Räsänen ◽  
...  

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze and describe process and outcomes of two pilot assessments based on the HTA Core Model, discuss the applicability of the model, and explore areas of development.Methods: Data were gathered from HTA Core Model and pilot Core HTA documents, their validation feedback, questionnaires to investigators, meeting minutes, emails, and discussions in the coordinating team meetings in the Finnish Office for Health Technology Assessment (FINOHTA).Results: The elementary structure of the HTA Core Model proved useful in preparing HTAs. Clear scoping and good coordination in timing and distribution of work would probably help improve applicability and avoid duplication of work.Conclusions: The HTA Core Model can be developed into a platform that enables and encourages true HTA collaboration in terms of distribution of work and maximum utilization of a common pool of structured HTA information for national HTA reports.


2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-279
Author(s):  
Perihan Elif Ekmekci ◽  
Müberra Devrim Güner

AbstractObjectivesEthics has been considered among the core domains of health technology assessment (HTA), but there are still disputes regarding ethical analysis. This study aimed to examine full final reports of the European Network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) in terms of their compliance with the ethical methodology and ethical perspective of the HTA Core Model®.MethodsThe study examines seven full final HTA reports of EUnetHTA written based on the methodology proposed in the HTA Core Model®. The reports were analyzed using the following parameters: competency of the person/group who conducted ethical analysis, assessment elements, and the methodology of ethical analysis.ResultsThe results show that, although the HTA Core Model® helped to standardize the final reports of the assessment, there are still concerns regarding the competency of the ethical analysis team, the perspectives on the purpose of ethical analysis, data sources and viewpoints of various stakeholders, use of ethical analysis methodology, and the evaluation of the ethical appropriateness of the entire HTA process.ConclusionsThe HTA Core Model® helped to standardize the final reports on the HTA; however, not all issues with the content and outcomes were solved. The lack of expertise in ethics and insufficiency of the teams regarding ethical analysis are other existing problems. This study also demonstrated that stakeholder viewpoints in general and patient perspectives, in particular, have been overlooked in the HTA process.


2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Cacciatore ◽  
Maria Lucia Specchia ◽  
Maria Giuliana Solinas ◽  
Walter Ricciardi ◽  
Gianfranco Damiani

Abstract Background Organizational aspects in Health Technology Assessment (HTA) reports play a significant role in managing policies and strategies to implement new health technologies. The organizational domain, however, is often under-represented in HTA reports. This study explored how organizational assessment is carried out in HTA reports and designed a new perspective through an empirical approach after the comparison with EUnetHTA's Core Model 3.0. Methods Full HTA reports were extracted from the websites of members of International Network of Agencies for HTA and the aspects relating to the organizational assessment were analysed. HTA reports were classified into 4 typologies of technologies (device, diagnosis/screening, intervention and organizational procedures) and organizational aspects described were explored through a framework of 5 domains and 15 subdomains from Core Model. Specific Multiple Correspondence Analyses were carried out to identify technology-related domains for organizational assessment in reports. Results The analysis showed that domains and subdomains of Core Model were not covered homogeneously by the organizational assessments in the HTA reports. Through Multiple Correspondence Analyses, four new technology-related dimensions were identified and named according to the Core Model’s subdomains in the four new clusters. Conclusions This study analyzed the significance of organizational assessments in current literature and the challenges of improving this domain in HTA reports. Through an empirical analysis, we proposed a new methodology to cover the most relevant aspects of organizational appraisal according to new domains to promote support to the assessment of organizational issues in reports and fulfil the needs of future HTA research.


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