Experimentelle Studie: Beinwellextrakt fördert die Regeneration von beschädigter Epidermis

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
Dorothee Dähnhardt ◽  
Stephan Dähnhardt-Pfeiffer ◽  
Florian Groeber-Becker ◽  
Regina Fölster-Holst ◽  
Mathias Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Experimentelle Studie ◽  
Stratum Spinosum

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Wundheilungseffekte lassen sich im Modell der restrukturierten humanen Epidermis durch Erzeugung reproduzierbarer Schäden und der Beobachtung der Regeneration der Hautzellen objektivieren. Methoden und Ergebnisse In einer kürzlich veröffentlichten Studie wurde der Effekt einer Creme mit einer Zubereitung aus den oberirdischen Pflanzenteilen von medizinisch genutztem Beinwell (Symphytum x uplandicum Nyman) auf künstlich erzeugte Schäden an der Epidermis mittels Licht- und Elektronenmikroskopie beobachtet. Bei Kontakt mit Beinwellcreme zeigte sich eine deutliche Beschleunigung der Regenerationsvorgänge gegenüber nicht-exponierten Kontrollen. Am 7. Tag zeigte sich in den Kontrollproben eine erste Differenzierung neu gebildeter Zellschichten zu Zellen des Stratum spinosum, in den Beinwell-behandelten Proben war dagegen dieses Stadium bereits am 4. Tag erreicht sowie am 7. Tag eine Differenzierung bis zum Stratum corneum. Schlussfolgerungen Die Untersuchung verfolgte die Frühphase der Regeneration der Epidermis nach künstlich induzierten Schäden im Vergleich mit unbehandelten Kontrollen. Die direkte Beobachtung einer beschleunigten Regeneration der Epidermis steht im Einklang mit der in kontrollierten Studien klinisch beobachteten schnelleren Abheilung von Schürfwunden durch medizinischen Beinwellkrautextrakt.

Zur Messung von Overconfidence - Eine experimentelle Studie

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Spiwoks ◽  
Kilian Bizer
Keyword(s):  
Sich Eine ◽  
Experimentelle Studie ◽  
Wenn Sich

Diese Studie wendet sich zwei üblichen Verfahren zur Messung von Overconfidence zu und überprüft die Zuverlässigkeit dieser Verfahren. Es zeigt sich, dass die übliche Form der Abfrage der subjektiven Sicherheit bezüglich einer abgegebenen Prognose zu einer systematischen Überschätzung der Overconfidence beitragen kann. Außerdem zeigt sich, dass die übliche Form zur Erfassung der relativen Selbsteinschätzung ebenfalls zu einer Ergebnisverzerrung beitragen kann. Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn sich eine Probanden-gruppe nicht paritätisch aus Frauen und Männern zusammensetzt.

Functional organization of the bovine rumen epithelium

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (1) ◽  
pp. R173-R181 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Graham ◽  
N. L. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Cell Layers

The functional organization of the bovine rumen epithelium has been examined by electron and light microscopy combined with immunocytochemistry to define a transport model for this epithelium. Expression of connexin 43, an integral component of gap junctions, the tight-junction molecules claudin-1 and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), and the catalytic α-subunit of Na+-K+-ATPase was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. From the lumen surface, four cell layers can be distinguished: the stratum corneum, the stratum granulosum, the stratum spinosum, and the stratum basale. Both claudin-1 and ZO-1 immunostaining showed plasma membrane staining, which was present at the stratum granulosum with decreasing intensity through the stratum spinosum to the stratum basale. The stratum corneum was negative for claudin-1 immunostaining. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that occluding tight junctions were present at the stratum granulosum. Plasma membrane connexin 43 immunostaining was most intense at the stratum granulosum and decreased in intensity through stratum spinosum and stratum basale. There was intense immunostaining of the stratum basale for Na+-K+-ATPase, with weak staining of the stratum spinosum. Both the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum were essentially negative. Stratum basale cells also displayed a high mitochondrial density relative to more apical cell layers. We conclude that epithelial barrier function may be attributed to the stratum granulosum and that cell-cell gap junctions allow diffusion to interconnect the barrier cell layer with the stratum basale where Na+-K+-ATPase is concentrated.

Exudative Epidermitis

1968 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Mebus ◽  
N. R. Underdahl ◽  
M. J. Twiehaus
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Cutaneous Lesion ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Mucoid Degeneration ◽  
Stratum Spinosum

Twenty-six hysterectomy-derived, colostrum-deprived, 3-week-old pigs were inoculated subcutaneously with coccoid bacteria. Starting 48 hours after inoculation, 2 pigs were killed daily, cultured, and examined. The organism was most consistently reisolated from the conjunctival sac. The cutaneous lesion began with spongiosis in the upper part of the stratum spinosum followed by formation of vesicles and pustules or loss of the stratum corneum. Subsequently there was an accumulation on the skin of amorphous protcinaceous material, keratin, inflammatory cells, and coccoid bacteria over a parakeratotic layer. When the exudate and coccoid bacteria were abundant, the deeper layers of the epithelium were necrotic. Dilation of the ureters and renal pelves resulted from ureteral obstructions caused by severe edema, inflammatory cellular infiltrates, and hyperplasia and mucoid degeneration of the epithelium.

The skin and hair of the Southern Elephant Seal Mirounga leonina (L.) III. morphology of the adult integument

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Ling
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Elephant Seal ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Southern Elephant Seal ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Mirounga Leonina ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Interfollicular Epidermis ◽  
Sheath Cells

The histological structure and certain histochemical features of the skin, hair follicles, and associated glands have been studied in 57 male and 49 female elephant seals. The epidermis comprises only three layers, stratum germinativum, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneum. The absence of granular and clear layers leads to a parakeratotic condition of the horny layer which is made up of large cornified sheets joined to lateral strands of the pelage hairs. Although pigment abounds in the interfollicular epidermis, it does not extend into the external root sheath cells of the hair follicles. There are no arrector pili muscles attached to the pelage hair follicles which are simple, unbranched, and contain only one fully developed lanceolate hair. Hairs are firmly anchored in their follicles by means of lateral filaments insinuated between external root sheath cells. A single, small, apocrine-type sweat gland opens into the hair canal below the common duct of the large, bilobed, sebaceous gland on the ental side of the follicle. The lipid-rich sebum is secreted within the lamellae of the stratum corneum and its function appears to be the maintenance of the outer horny layers in a pliable and perhaps water-resistant condition. The walls of the sebaceous duct are replete with glycogen. The dermis comprises a network of collagenous fibres and a decreasing number of elastic fibres in aging seals, as well as histiocytes and dermal fat cells. Problems of thermoregulation arising from loss of hair in seals exemplified by M. leonina and compensatory features apparent in the morphology of the skin and hair are discussed.

Demonstration of gap junctions in frog skin epithelium

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. C658-C664 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Shahin ◽  
J. T. Blankemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Intercellular Junctions ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Intercellular Coupling ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Frog Skin Epithelium ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

The morphology and distribution of the intercellular junctions were investigated in isolated skin of Rana pipiens using various electron-microscopic techniques. Our evidence demonstrates the presence of gap junctions and suggests that the distribution of gap junctions is not homogeneous among the epithelial strata. Gap junctions were less frequent in the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum than in the stratum spinosum and stratum germinativum. These results support a model of widespread intercellular coupling, although the lower number of gap junctions in the stratum granulosum suggests a possible deficiency in intercellular coupling. Tight junctions were found only in two apical strata of the epithelium (stratum corneum and stratum granulosum). Desmosomes were located in all strata.

X-Ray Emission Microanalysis of Proteins and Sulphur in Rat Plantar Epidermis

1968 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-572
Author(s):  
R. T. SIMS ◽  
T. HALL
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Mass Unit ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Cell Volumes

The distributions of proteins and protein-bound sulphur have been studied by X-ray emission microanalysis in the plantar epidermis of six albino rats. Plantar skin was fixed in 10% formaldehyde for 24 h and 5-µ paraffin sections obtained. Discrete and continuous measurements of the relative concentrations (mass/unit area) of proteins and sulphur were made along lines of scan perpendicular to the skin surface. The concentrations of proteins and sulphur almost double from the stratum basale across the stratum spinosum. There is a sharp twofold increase in their concentrations across the stratum granulosum to the stratum corneum where they become constant. The sulphur:protein ratio is constant across all layers of the epidermis. Rough estimates of cell volumes give a ratio of 1:9:7.5 for the cells of the strata basale, granulosum and corneum respectively. Cell volume changes cannot be responsible for the changes in concentration so it is concluded that epidermal cells synthesize and accumulate proteins throughout their migration to the stratum corneum. The observations are regarded as circumstantial evidence for the incorporation of keratohyalin granules into cornified cells.

scholarly journals Histomorphological and Histochemical Studies on Esophagus in Gaddi Sheep (Ovis aries)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabir Ahmad Malik ◽  
Rajesh Rajput ◽  
Mohd Rafiq ◽  
Uiase Bin Farooq ◽  
Harishbhai Gori
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Stratum Spinosum

The present work was conducted to study the histoarchitecture and histochemical characteristics of esophagus in six adult Gaddi sheep. Lamina epithelialis consisted of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with four functional regions: stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum and stratum basale. In the stratum spinosum layer, the cell nuclei appeared polygonal whereas in the stratum corneum the cell nuclei were flattened and condensed. The stratum spinosum was the thicker layer and stratum granulosum was a thin layer that contained basophilic keratohyalin granules. Pyknotic cells were observed towards the luminal side of stratum corneum. Blood capillaries and lymphoid aggregations in the form of dark stained cells were present in the connective tissue of lamina propria. Connective tissue of lamina propria layer was denser than the same of the submucosa. The tunica muscularis consisted of striated muscle cells throughout the length of esophagus. Stratum corneum of the stratified epithelium of esophagus showed strong periodic acid-Schiff reaction indicating accumulation of glycogen whereas the cells of the basal layer lacked glycogen. The intercellular spaces in the upper layers of stratum spinosum of the epithelium contained acidic mucopolysaccharides as indicated by their reactivity to alcian blue stain.

scholarly journals Effects of the Sheep-Chewing Louse (Damalinia ovis) on the Epidermis of the Australian Merino

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Britt ◽  
CL Cotton ◽  
IH Pitman ◽  
AN Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Louse Infestation ◽  
Chewing Louse ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Australian Merino

Frozen longitudinal skin sections taken from the dorsal thoraco-lumbar region of adult Merino sheep that were infested with the sheep-chewing louse were examined by light microscopy. The epidermis of infested sheep exhibited acanthosis due to hyperplasia of the stratum spinosum, and orthokeratosis. The thicknesses of the uncornified epidermis, the stratum corneum, and the sudanophilic region were significantly greater (P < O� 005) than equivalent regions in louse-free Merinos and the results suggest that a positive correlation exists between the thickness of each region and the level of louse infestation. The results indicate that the variance in region thickness was greater in lousy than in louse-free sheep (P < 0'005).

The Ultrastructure of Monkey Gingival Epithelium

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
C.N. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Gingival Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Gingival Epithelium ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Thickness

The present study demonstrates the ultrastructure of the gingival epithelium of the pig tail monkey (Macaca nemestrina). Specimens were taken from lingual and facial gingival surfaces and fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium solution (pH 7.6) for 1 hr, dehydrated, and then embedded in Epon 812.Tonofibrils are variable in number and structure according to the different region or location of the gingival epithelial cells, the main orientation of which is parallel to the long axis of the cells. The cytoplasm of the basal epithelial cells contains a great number of tonofilaments and numerous mitochondria. The basement membrane is 300 to 400 A thick. In the cells of stratum spinosum, the tonofibrils are densely packed and increased in number (fig. 1 and 3). They seem to take on a somewhat concentric arrangement around the nucleus. The filaments may occur scattered as thin fibrils in the cytoplasm or they may be arranged in bundles of different thickness. The filaments have a diameter about 50 A. In the stratum granulosum, the cells gradually become flatted, the tonofibrils are usually thin, and the individual tonofilaments are clearly distinguishable (fig. 2). The mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum are seldom seen in these superficial cell layers.

Changes in corneocyte element concentrations occur in skin inner stratum corneum

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. R. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Element Concentration ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Intercellular Lipid

Keratinocytes undergo maturation during their transit through the viable layers of skin, and then abruptly transform into flattened, anuclear corneocytes that constitute the cellular component of the skin barrier, the stratum corneum (SC). The SC is generally considered to be homogeneous in its structure and barrier properties, and is often shown schematically as a featureless brick wall, the “bricks” being the corneocytes, the “mortar” being intercellular lipid. Previously we showed the outer SC was not homogeneous in its composition, but contained steep gradients of the physiological inorganic elements Na, K and Cl, likely originating from sweat salts. Here we show the innermost corneocytes in human skin are also heterogeneous in composition, undergoing systematic changes in intracellular element concentration during transit into the interior of the SC.Human skin biopsies were taken from the lower leg of individuals with both “good” and “dry” skin and plunge-frozen in a stirred, cooled isopentane/propane mixture.

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