scholarly journals Histomorphological and Histochemical Studies on Esophagus in Gaddi Sheep (Ovis aries)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabir Ahmad Malik ◽  
Rajesh Rajput ◽  
Mohd Rafiq ◽  
Uiase Bin Farooq ◽  
Harishbhai Gori
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Stratum Spinosum

The present work was conducted to study the histoarchitecture and histochemical characteristics of esophagus in six adult Gaddi sheep. Lamina epithelialis consisted of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with four functional regions: stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum and stratum basale. In the stratum spinosum layer, the cell nuclei appeared polygonal whereas in the stratum corneum the cell nuclei were flattened and condensed. The stratum spinosum was the thicker layer and stratum granulosum was a thin layer that contained basophilic keratohyalin granules. Pyknotic cells were observed towards the luminal side of stratum corneum. Blood capillaries and lymphoid aggregations in the form of dark stained cells were present in the connective tissue of lamina propria. Connective tissue of lamina propria layer was denser than the same of the submucosa. The tunica muscularis consisted of striated muscle cells throughout the length of esophagus. Stratum corneum of the stratified epithelium of esophagus showed strong periodic acid-Schiff reaction indicating accumulation of glycogen whereas the cells of the basal layer lacked glycogen. The intercellular spaces in the upper layers of stratum spinosum of the epithelium contained acidic mucopolysaccharides as indicated by their reactivity to alcian blue stain.

scholarly journals Histological Structure of the Integument in Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Solander)

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Compact Layer ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Loose Layer

The histological structure of integument in Mastacembelus mastacembelus have been investigated from skin fragments cut from nine regions at body surface. The results revealed that the integument of the fish investigated comprises three principal layers- the epidermis, the dermis (corium) and the subcutis-All the three principal layers may further be divided into secondary layers according to the function performed by their cells. The epidermis may further divided into three layers- the outermost epithelial coverage, the middle layer and the basal layer (stratum germinatiuum)-The dermis consists of a relatively thin upper layer of loose vascular connective tissue called the stratum laxum and a thick lower compact layer- the stratum compactum. The upper loose layer contains blood capillaries, nerve fibers and scale pockets. The subcutis is the innermost and the thinnest layer of the skin and is situated in between the stratum compactum and the muscles. All the above main layers showed great extend in their thickness.

Functional organization of the bovine rumen epithelium

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (1) ◽  
pp. R173-R181 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Graham ◽  
N. L. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Cell Layers

The functional organization of the bovine rumen epithelium has been examined by electron and light microscopy combined with immunocytochemistry to define a transport model for this epithelium. Expression of connexin 43, an integral component of gap junctions, the tight-junction molecules claudin-1 and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), and the catalytic α-subunit of Na+-K+-ATPase was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. From the lumen surface, four cell layers can be distinguished: the stratum corneum, the stratum granulosum, the stratum spinosum, and the stratum basale. Both claudin-1 and ZO-1 immunostaining showed plasma membrane staining, which was present at the stratum granulosum with decreasing intensity through the stratum spinosum to the stratum basale. The stratum corneum was negative for claudin-1 immunostaining. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that occluding tight junctions were present at the stratum granulosum. Plasma membrane connexin 43 immunostaining was most intense at the stratum granulosum and decreased in intensity through stratum spinosum and stratum basale. There was intense immunostaining of the stratum basale for Na+-K+-ATPase, with weak staining of the stratum spinosum. Both the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum were essentially negative. Stratum basale cells also displayed a high mitochondrial density relative to more apical cell layers. We conclude that epithelial barrier function may be attributed to the stratum granulosum and that cell-cell gap junctions allow diffusion to interconnect the barrier cell layer with the stratum basale where Na+-K+-ATPase is concentrated.

Functional Morphology, Micro-anatomy, and histology of the 'Sydney Cockle' Anadara trapezia (Deshayes )(Lamellibranchia: arcidae).

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Kidney Tubules ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Strong Positive Reaction ◽  
Micro Anatomy

The anatomy and histology of the Australian lamellibranch, Anadara trapezia (Deshayes, 1839), are described. The pattern of the ciliary currents on the ctenidia, mantle, foot, and labial palps is similar to those in the related species Arca tetragona and Glycymeris glycymeris. However, A. trapezia differs from these forms in having a more extensive development of the ridges on the labial palps, as well as in the ciliation of the ctenidial filaments. The possible correlation between the arrangement of cilia on the ctenidial filaments and the extent of the ridged areas of the palps is discussed. The structure of the stomach is closely similar to that of Glycymeris. The digestive diverticula, with their ciliated ducts, are typical of the Anisomyaria and Eulamellibranchia. The gastric shield appears to be secreted by the epithelial cells of the stomach. Secretion is intermittent, resulting in stratification of the shield, and is indicated by strongly periodic acid-Schiff(P.A.S.)-positive material which forms in the neighbourhood of the epithelial cell nuclei and then migrates to the apical ends of the cells to be added to the shield. Many gland cells, both intra-epithelial and subepithelial, are present in the foot, mantle, and palps. There are several types, differing in their staining reactions and in the appearance of their cytoplasm in fixed and sectioned material. It is suggested that those glands whose cytoplasm gives a very strong positive reaction with P.A.S. may produce a lubricating secretion, while those which give reactions for mucin but are not so strongly P.A.S.-positive may form a tacky mucus suitable for holding particulate matter to facilitate transport by ciliary currents. In the connective tissue there are stellate cells embedded in the gelatinous ground substance. Another type of cell, laden with coarse brownish granules is present in some regions, especially around the kidney tubules. "Leydig's cells", which have been observed in the connective tissue of a number of molluscs, and which store glycogen in these forms, do not appear to be present in A. trapezia. Glycogen is present, but is scattered through the ground substance in the form of granules. It is suggested that the glycogen may be deposited in the fine processes of the stellate cells.

Demonstration of gap junctions in frog skin epithelium

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. C658-C664 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Shahin ◽  
J. T. Blankemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Intercellular Junctions ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Intercellular Coupling ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Frog Skin Epithelium ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

The morphology and distribution of the intercellular junctions were investigated in isolated skin of Rana pipiens using various electron-microscopic techniques. Our evidence demonstrates the presence of gap junctions and suggests that the distribution of gap junctions is not homogeneous among the epithelial strata. Gap junctions were less frequent in the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum than in the stratum spinosum and stratum germinativum. These results support a model of widespread intercellular coupling, although the lower number of gap junctions in the stratum granulosum suggests a possible deficiency in intercellular coupling. Tight junctions were found only in two apical strata of the epithelium (stratum corneum and stratum granulosum). Desmosomes were located in all strata.

The Ultrastructure of Monkey Gingival Epithelium

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
C.N. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Gingival Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Gingival Epithelium ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Thickness

The present study demonstrates the ultrastructure of the gingival epithelium of the pig tail monkey (Macaca nemestrina). Specimens were taken from lingual and facial gingival surfaces and fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium solution (pH 7.6) for 1 hr, dehydrated, and then embedded in Epon 812.Tonofibrils are variable in number and structure according to the different region or location of the gingival epithelial cells, the main orientation of which is parallel to the long axis of the cells. The cytoplasm of the basal epithelial cells contains a great number of tonofilaments and numerous mitochondria. The basement membrane is 300 to 400 A thick. In the cells of stratum spinosum, the tonofibrils are densely packed and increased in number (fig. 1 and 3). They seem to take on a somewhat concentric arrangement around the nucleus. The filaments may occur scattered as thin fibrils in the cytoplasm or they may be arranged in bundles of different thickness. The filaments have a diameter about 50 A. In the stratum granulosum, the cells gradually become flatted, the tonofibrils are usually thin, and the individual tonofilaments are clearly distinguishable (fig. 2). The mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum are seldom seen in these superficial cell layers.

Tight junction dysfunction in the stratum granulosum leads to aberrant stratum corneum barrier function in claudin-1-deficient mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Sugawara ◽  
Noriko Iwamoto ◽  
Masaya Akashi ◽  
Taro Kojima ◽  
Junzo Hisatsune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Deficient Mice

HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF 3-TRIFLUORMETHYL-4-NITROPHENOL (TFM) ON LARVAL LAMPREY AND TROUT

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Christie ◽  
Helen I. Battle
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Sinusoidal Dilatation ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Red Coloration

Larvae of the lamprey, Entosphenus lamottei (Le Sueur), and rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, were exposed to the sodium salt of 3-trifluormethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) in concentrations of 0.75 p.p.m., 3.00 p.p.m., and 6.00 p.p.m. Microscopic examination of changes induced in the gills, liver, cloacal region, and musculature were made on 7-micron sections stained with Harris' haematoxylin and Bowie's eosin, and in the gill region with periodic acid Schiff reagent. A comparison of the degree of the effects in the two species was made by planimetry of the vascular, cellular, and edematous areas from enlarged drawings of sections.Upon exposure to lethal concentrations of TFM, the body of the larval lamprey becomes distended at the pharyngeal level and heavy cords of mucus emerge from the external gill clefts. A deep red coloration is evident in the pharyngeal region consequent upon vasodilatation of the arterioles and capillaries of the gill filaments. Trout exhibit a similar vasodilatation of the gills together with increased mucous secretion. Edema in the connective tissue between the respiratory epithelium and the vascular endothelium is induced in both species. After prolonged exposure to TFM, the mucous cells in the lining of the branchial chamber and covering the tips of the gill filaments are actively discharging their secretions or completely spent.Certain effects induced by TFM in the larval lamprey are not evident in the trout. The cloacal region takes on a deep red coloration due to dilatation of the venous sinuses and the liver becomes reddish because of sinusoidal dilatation. Extensive edema of the fibrous connective tissue of the skeletal musculature is characteristically present. A slightly increased secretory activity of mucous-secreting cells may occur in the epidermis.With the techniques employed in this study, there was no evidence in either species of cytological or histological changes in the nervous tissue, cardiac musculature, notochord, alimentary canal (including the haemopoietic typhlosole of the lamprey), or mesonephros.

scholarly journals Histomorphological changes in the rat pancreas after methionine administration

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Rat Pancreas ◽  
Histomorphological Changes

The effectiveness of using various methionine preparations for activating pancreatic function is ambiguous; the reasons may include differences in dosage and duration of methionine administration. The question remains, in what extent the methionine application is efficacious for increasing functional activity of a healthy pancreas. The aim of our study was to investigate morphological changes in pancreas after prolonged administration of methionine. The experiments were carried out on 24 males of Wistar rats at the age of 15 months. During 21 days, the experimental animals received methionine at a daily dose of 250 mg/kg of body weight in addition to the standard diet. Histological preparations were made from pancreatic tissue according to standard method. Morphometry was performed using the computer program «Image J». The rats were taken out of the experiment under ether anesthesia. The studies were carried out in accordance with the provisions of the "European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes" (Strasbourg, 1986). Upon completion of the experiment, histomorphological sings of an increase in functional activity were registered in both exocrine (enlarged acini’s areas and their epithelium height, higher nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of exocrinocytes, and higher number of nucleoli in cell nuclei) and endocrine (enlarged sizes of the Langerhans islets and increased number of endocrinocytes in the islets) parts of the rat pancreas. In the experimental rats, the relative area of ​​the connective tissue and the stromal-parenchyma index of the pancreas, as well as the width of the interlobular and interacinus layers of connective tissue decreased. A decrease in the mass of connective tissue in the pancreas can be considered as one of the signs of its function activation, an improvement in metabolism between acini, and an increase in regenerative capabilities. Thus, additional administration of prophylactic doses of methionine to healthy animals results in distinct morphological signs of increased pancreatic activity.

scholarly journals INORGANIC CATIONS IN RAT KIDNEY

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 830-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Tandler ◽  
A. L. Kierszenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Inorganic Cations ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Distal Tubules ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Potassium Pyroantimonate

For localization of pyroantimonate-precipitable cations, rat kidney was fixed by perfusion with a saturated aqueous solution of potassium pyroantimonate (pH about 9.2, without addition of any conventional fixative). A remarkably good preservation of the tissue and cell morphology was obtained as well as a consistent and reproducible localization of the insoluble antimonate salts of magnesium, calcium, and sodium. All proximal and distal tubules and glomeruli were delimited by massive electron-opaque precipitates localized in the basement membrane and, to a lesser extent, in adjacent connective tissue. In the intraglomerular capillaries the antimonate precipitate was encountered in the basement membranes and also between the foot processes. In addition to a more or less uniform distribution in the cytoplasm and between the microvilli of the brush border, antimonate precipitates were found in all cell nuclei, mainly between the masses of condensed chromatin. The mitochondria usually contained a few large antimonate deposits which probably correspond to the so-called "dense granules" observed after conventional fixations.

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