scholarly journals Head Impact Situations in Professional Football (Soccer)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. E37-E44
Author(s):  
Florian Beaudouin ◽  
Daniel Demmerle ◽  
Christoph Fuhr ◽  
Tobias Tröß ◽  
Tim Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Video Observation ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Video Recordings

AbstractTo assess head impact incidents (HIIs) and to distinguish diagnosed head injuries from other incidents, a video observation analysis of match HIIs was conducted in the German Bundesliga (2017/18 season). Video recordings of each match were screened to identify the respective events. Head injury data were identified by a prospective injury registry. HII and head injury incidence rates (IR) were calculated with 95% CIs. The total number of HIIs was 1,362 corresponding to an IR of 134.9/1000 match hours (95% CI 127.9–142.2). In 123 HII (IR 12.2, 95% CI 10.2–14.5) the contact was classified as severe. Head contact with the opponent was the most frequent cause (85%). The most frequent mechanism was in 44% (combined) the arm and elbow-to-head, followed by head-to-head and hand-to-head contacts (each 13%). In 58%, the HIIs occurred during header duels. Twenty-nine head injuries were recorded (IR 2.9, 95% CI 2.0–4.1). Concussions/traumatic brain injuries accounted for 48%, head/facial fractures 24%, head/facial contusions 21%, and lacerations/abrasions 7%. The number of HIIs not classified as concussions/more severe trauma was high. Identification of HIIs and head injury severity should be improved during on-field assessment as many head injuries might go unrecognised based on the large number of HIIs.

The impact of posttraumatic seizures on 1-year neuropsychological and psychosocial outcome of head injury

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Haltiner ◽  
Nancy R. Temkin ◽  
H. Richard Winn ◽  
Sureyya S. Dikmen
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Psychosocial Outcome ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Head Injury Severity ◽  
Posttraumatic Seizures

AbstractThis study examined the relationship of posttraumatic seizures and head injury severity to neuropsychological performance and psychosocial functioning in 210 adults who were prospectively followed and assessed 1 year after moderate to severe traumatic head injury. Eighteen percent (n = 38) of the patients experienced 1 or more late seizures (i.e., seizures occurring 8 or more days posttrauma) by the time of the 1-year followup. As expected, the head injured patients who experienced late posttraumatic seizures were those with the most severe head injuries, and they were significantly more impaired on the neuropsychological and psychosocial measures compared to those who remained seizure free. However, after the effects of head injury severity were controlled, there were no significant differences in neuropsychological and psychosocial outcome at 1 year as a function of having seizures. These findings suggest that worse outcomes in patients who develop posttraumatic seizures up to 1 year posttrauma largely reflect the effects of the brain injuries that cause seizures, rather than the effect of seizures. (JINS, 1996, 2, 494–504.)

Head injuries in professional male football (soccer) over 13 years: 29% lower incidence rates after a rule change (red card)

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (15) ◽  
pp. 948-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Beaudouin ◽  
Karen aus der Fünten ◽  
Tobias Tröß ◽  
Claus Reinsberger ◽  
Tim Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Head Injuries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Facial Fractures ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Rule Change ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Rate Ratios

BackgroundAbsolute numbers of head injuries in football (soccer) are considerable because of its high popularity and the large number of players. In 2006 a rule was changed to reduce head injuries. Players were given a red card (sent off) for intentional elbow-head contact.AimsTo describe the head injury mechanism and examine the effect of the rule change.MethodsBased on continuously recorded data from the German football magazine “kicker”, a database of all head injuries in the 1st German Male Bundesliga was generated comprising seasons 2000/01-2012/13. Injury mechanisms were analysed from video recordings. Injury incidence rates (IR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) as well as incidence rate ratios (IRR) to assess differences before and after the rule change were calculated.Results356 head injuries were recorded (IR 2.22, 95% CI 2.00 to 2.46 per 1000 match hours). Contact with another player caused most head injuries, more specifically because of head-head (34%) or elbow-head (17%) contacts. After the rule change, head injuries were reduced by 29% (IRR 0.71, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.86, p=0.002). Lacerations/abrasions declined by 42% (95% CI 0.39 to 0.85), concussions by 29% (95% CI 0.46 to 1.09), contusions by 18% (95% CI 0.43 to 1.55) and facial fractures by 16% (95% CI 0.55 to 1.28).ConclusionsThis rule change appeared to reduce the risk of head injuries in men’s professional football.

scholarly journals Time Trends of Head Injuries Over Multiple Seasons in Professional Male Football (Soccer)

2019 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. E6-E11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Beaudouin ◽  
Karen der Fünten ◽  
Tobias Tröß ◽  
Claus Reinsberger ◽  
Tim Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Rule Change ◽  
Total Head ◽  
Injury Mechanisms

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate time trends of head injuries and their injury mechanisms since a rule change as monitoring may help to identify causes of head injuries and may advance head injury prevention efforts. Based on continuously recorded data from the German football magazine “kicker Sportmagazin®” as well as other media sources, a database of head injuries in the 1st German male Bundesliga was generated comprising 11 seasons (2006/07–2016/17). Injury mechanisms were analysed from video recordings. Injury incidence rates (IR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Time trends were analysed via linear regression. Two hundred thirty-eight match head injuries occurred (IR 1.77/1000 match hours, 95% CI 1.56–2.01). There were no significant seasonal changes, expressed as annual average year-on-year change, in IRs over the 11-year period for total head injuries (p=0.693), facial/head fractures (p=0.455), lacerations/abrasions (p=0.162), and head contusions (p=0.106). The annual average year-on-year increase for concussion was 6.4% (p=0.004). Five head injury mechanisms were identified. There were no seasonal changes in injury mechanisms over the study period. The concussion subcategory increased slightly over the seasons, which may either be a result of increasing match dynamics or raised awareness among team physicians and players.

scholarly journals Study of Traumatic Brain Injury Due To Recent Earthquake in Manipal Teaching Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Bal G Karmacharya ◽  
Brijesh Sathian
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mild Head Injury ◽  
Associated Injuries

The objective of this study was to review the demographics, causes injury, severity, treatment and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in victims of the April 2015 earthquake who were admitted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. A total of 37 patients was admitted under Neurosurgery Services. Collapse of buildings was the commonest cause of head injury. The majority of them had mild head injury. Associated injuries to other parts of the body were present in 40.54% patients.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:63-66, 2015

Inappropriate Discharge Instructions for Youth Athletes Hospitalized for Concussion

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-218
Author(s):  
Frank J. Genuardi ◽  
William D. King
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Discharge Instructions ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Closed Head Injuries ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
Grade 3

Objective. To evaluate the medical care, especially the discharge instructions regarding return to participation, received by youth athletes hospitalized for a closed head injury. Methods. We examined the records of all patients admitted over a 5-year period (1987 through 1991) to The Children's Hospital of Alabama for a sports-related closed head injury. Descriptive information was recorded and discharge instructions reviewed. Injury severity was graded according to guidelines current during the study period, as well as those outlined most recently by the Colorado Medical Society, which have been endorsed by a number of organizations including the American Academy of Pediatrics. Discharge instructions recorded for each patient were then compared with those recommended in the guidelines. Results. We identified 33 patients with sports-related closed head injuries. Grade 1 concussions (least severe) occurred in 8 patients (24.2%), grade 2 in 10 (30.3%), and grade 3 (most severe) in 15 (45.4%). Overall, discharge instructions were appropriate for only 10 patients (30.3%), including all with grade 1 concussions, but only 2 with a grade 2 (20.0%) and none with a grade 3 concussion. Conclusion. All who care for youth athletes must become familiar with the guidelines for management of concussion to provide appropriate care and counseling and to avoid a tragic outcome.

scholarly journals Boarding Injuries: The Long and the Short of It

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Fabian ◽  
Steven M. Thygerson ◽  
Ray M. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Population Demographics ◽  
Icu Length Of Stay ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Prospective Investigation

As the popularity of longboarding increases, trauma centers are treating an increased number of high severity injuries. Current literature lacks descriptions of the types of injuries experienced by longboarders, a distinct subset of the skateboarding culture. A retrospective review of longboarding and skateboarding injury cases was conducted at a level II trauma center from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2011. Specific injuries in addition to high injury severity factors (hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), patient treatment options, disposition, and outcome) were calculated to compare longboarder to skateboarder injuries. A total of 824 patients met the inclusion criteria. Skull fractures, traumatic brain injuries (TBI), and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were significantly more common among longboard patients than skateboarders (P<0.0001). All patients with an ISS above 15 were longboarders. Hospital and ICU LOS in days was also significantly greater for longboarders compared with skateboarders (P<0.0001). Of the three patients that died, each was a longboarder and each experienced a head injury. Longboard injuries account for a higher incidence rate of severe head injuries compared to skateboard injuries. Our data show that further, prospective investigation into the longboarding population demographics and injury patterns is necessary to contribute to effective injury prevention in this population.

Long-Term Anesthetic-Dependent Hypoactivity after Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries in Adolescent Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridgette D. Semple ◽  
Raha Sadjadi ◽  
Jaclyn Carlson ◽  
Yiran Chen ◽  
Duan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Vasogenic Edema ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries

Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (rmTBIs) culminate in neurological impairments and chronic neurodegeneration, which have wide-ranging implications for patient management and return-to-play decisions for athletes. Adolescents show a high prevalence of sports-related head injuries and may be particularly vulnerable to rmTBIs due to ongoing brain maturation. However, it remains unclear whether rmTBIs, below the threshold for acute neuronal injury or symptomology, influence long-term outcomes. To address this issue, we first defined a very mild injury in adolescent mice (postnatal day 35) as evidenced by an increase in Iba-1- labeled microglia in white matter in the acutely injured brain, in the absence of indices of cell death, axonal injury, and vasogenic edema. Using this level of injury severity and Avertin (2,2,2-tribromoethanol) as the anesthetic, we compared mice subjected to either a single mTBI or 2 rmTBIs, each separated by 48 h. Neurobehavioral assessments were conducted at 1 week and at 1 and 3 months postimpact. Mice subjected to rmTBIs showed transient anxiety and persistent and pronounced hypoactivity compared to sham control mice, alongside normal sensorimotor, cognitive, social, and emotional function. As isoflurane is more commonly used than Avertin in animal models of TBI, we next examined long-term outcomes after rmTBIs in mice that were anesthetized with this agent. However, there was no evidence of abnormal behaviors even with the addition of a third rmTBI. To determine whether isoflurane may be neuroprotective, we compared the acute pathology after a single mTBI in mice anesthetized with either Avertin or isoflurane. Pathological findings were more pronounced in the group exposed to Avertin compared to the isoflurane group. These collective findings reveal distinct behavioral phenotypes (transient anxiety and prolonged hypoactivity) that emerge in response to rmTBIs. Our findings further suggest that selected anesthetics may confer early neuroprotection after rmTBIs, and as such mask long-term abnormal phenotypes that may otherwise emerge as a consequence of acute pathogenesis.

Combat Helmet Design Incorporating Multiple Ballistic Threats, Brain Functional Areas and Injury Considerations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Matic ◽  
Alex E. Moser ◽  
Robert N. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Direct Head ◽  
Back Face ◽  
Helmet Design

Combat helmet protection zone parametric design is presented for small arms and explosive device ballistic threat notional spatial distributions. The analysis is conducted using a computer aided design software application developed to evaluate ballistic threats, helmet design parameters, and a standard set of common brain injuries associated with head impacts. The analysis helps to define the helmet trade space, facilitates prototyping, and supports helmet design optimization. Direct head impacts and helmet impacts, with and without helmet back face contact to the head, are tabulated. Head strikes are assumed to produce critical or fatal penetrating injuries. Helmet back face deflections and impact generated projectile-helmet-head motions are determined. Helmet impact obliquity is accounted for by attenuating back face deflection. Head injury estimates for ten common focal and diffuse head injuries are determined from the back face deflections and the head injury criteria. These, in turn, are related to the abbreviated injury score and associated radiographic dimensional diagnostic criteria and loss of consciousness diagnostic criteria from the trauma literature.

scholarly journals MP13: Injuries presenting to the ED following jumps from bridges into water: a multi-agency retrospective case series

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S47-S47
Author(s):  
D. Stephanian ◽  
D. Shearer ◽  
N. Bandara ◽  
J. Brubacher
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Mild Hypothermia ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Retrospective Case

Introduction: Suicidal jumps from bridges into water are a unique blunt trauma mechanism. Impact into water produces substantial variation in injuries as compared to falls onto hard surfaces. Outcomes can be further complicated by submersion injuries. We identified cases through a multi-agency review in order to analyze injury patterns seen in EDs. Methods: Cases in British Columbia's Lower Mainland of jumps from bridges >12m into water between 2006 and 2017 were identified by retrospective review of Coast Guard and Police records. Records pertaining to identified incidents were located in ambulance and then hospital records. This multi-agency approach was necessary to generate a comprehensive case series, as case identification was not possible at the hospital level. Patient hospital charts were abstracted and injury incidence rates were analyzed. Results: Records were available for 41 of 52 patients. The population was 63% (26/41) male, median age 37 (IQR 29-48). Thirty-two cases were admitted to hospital, seven were deceased in the ED, one was discharged, and disposition is unknown for one. Most patients (85%) presented to Level One trauma centers. Bridge heights ranged from 15m to 70m; the mean fall height was 40.1m. Pulmonary injuries were nearly universal, including pneumothorax (51%), haemothorax (22%), and pulmonary infiltrate (34%). The primary cardiovascular concern was cardiac arrhythmia (51%). A quarter of cases had intraabdominal lacerations or ruptures (27%). Vertebral fractures at all levels were frequent (59%), although there was only one case each of cord transection and contusion. Neurological injuries were rare; 59% of patients presented to the ED with GCS ≥14 and the incidence of intracranial bleeding was low (7%). Rib fractures were commonly reported (37%) along with other fractures (32%). Body temperature was reported in 24 cases with 3 reports of moderate and 6 reports of mild hypothermia. Conclusion: This case series is the first to characterize injury patterns of jumps from bridges into water in Canada. Patterns are similar to reports in the literature from other countries. However, we found lower injury severity, and higher incidences of spinal fractures and cardiac arrhythmias. The low injury severity reflects the survivorship bias inherent to the sample: data was only obtained from patients who survived to be assessed the ED. These results suggest that patients with this mechanism of injury should be treated for both suspected trauma and cold-water immersion injuries.

scholarly journals Hospital-treated injuries from horse riding in Victoria, Australia: time to refocus on injury prevention?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhán O’Connor ◽  
Peta L Hitchens ◽  
Lauren V Fortington
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Horse Riding ◽  
Public And Private Hospitals ◽  
Mean Cost

BackgroundThe most recent report on hospital-treated horse-riding injuries in Victoria was published 20 years ago. Since then, injury countermeasures and new technology have aimed to make horse riding safer for participants. This study provides an update of horse-riding injuries that required hospital treatment in Victoria and examines changes in injury patterns compared with the earlier study.MethodsHorse-riding injuries that required hospital treatment (hospital admission (HA) or emergency department (ED) presentations) were extracted from routinely collected data from public and private hospitals in Victoria from 2002–2003 to 2015–2016. Injury incidence rates per 100 000 Victorian population per financial year and age-stratified and sex-stratified injury incidence rates are presented. Poisson regression was used to examine trends in injury rates over the study period.ResultsED presentation and HA rates were 31.1 and 6.6 per 100 000 person-years, increasing by 28.8% and 47.6% from 2002 to 2016, respectively. Female riders (47.3 ED and 10.1 HA per 100 000 person-years) and those aged between 10 and 14 years (87.8 ED and 15.7 HA per 100 000 person-years) had the highest incidence rates. Fractures (ED 29.4%; HA 56.5%) and head injuries (ED 15.4%; HA 18.9%) were the most common injuries. HA had a mean stay of 2.6±4.1 days, and the mean cost per HA was $A5096±8345.ConclusionHorse-riding injuries have remained similar in their pattern (eg, types of injuries) since last reported in Victoria. HA and ED incidence rates have increased over the last 14 years. Refocusing on injury prevention countermeasures is recommended along with a clear plan for implementation and evaluation of their effectiveness in reducing injury.

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