Formation of Estrogens from Androgens by Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue In Vitro

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
pp. 312-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bolt ◽  
P. Gäbel
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipose Tissue In Vitro ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Influence of somatotropin on lipid metabolism and IGF gene expression in porcine adipose tissue

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. E637-E645 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Wolverton ◽  
M. J. Azain ◽  
J. Y. Duffy ◽  
M. E. White ◽  
T. G. Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Acid Esterification

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of porcine somatotropin (pST) treatment (2 mg/day) and dietary fat (10%) separately and in combination on the metabolic activity of subcutaneous adipose tissue, serum adipogenic activity, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) gene expression within adipose tissue from growing 5- to 6-mo-old barrows. This study attempted to determine how these factors might contribute to the reported changes in adiposity of treated swine. Biopsies of adipose tissue were collected after 28 days of treatment following anesthesia with thiopental sodium (15 mg/kg iv). Somatotropin inhibited in vitro glucose oxidation and lipogenesis in adipose tissue but did not affect fatty acid esterification. Adipogenic activity of serum was not altered by pST treatment. Subcutaneous adipose tissue contained mRNA for IGF-I and -II, and pST administration increased the abundance of IGF-I mRNA. Dietary fat had no effect on these variables. Thus somatotropin reduces glucose metabolism in porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue. Preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation are not affected by somatotropin through its actions on systemic factors. Dietary fat provides no additional benefit in combination with pST administration to affect accretion of adipose tissue in growing swine.

scholarly journals A Cross-Machine Comparison of Shear-Wave Speed Measurements Using 2D Shear-Wave Elastography in the Normal Female Breast

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9391
Author(s):  
Emma Harris ◽  
Ruchi Sinnatamby ◽  
Elizabeth O’Flynn ◽  
Anna M. Kirby ◽  
Jeffrey C. Bamber
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Shear Wave Speed ◽  
Skin Region ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Quantitative measures of radiation-induced breast stiffness are required to support clinical studies of novel breast radiotherapy regimens and exploration of personalised therapy, however, variation between shear-wave elastography (SWE) machines may limit the usefulness of shear-wave speed (cs) for this purpose. Mean cs measured in four healthy volunteers’ breasts and a phantom using 2D-SWE machines Acuson S2000 (Siemens Medical Solutions) and Aixplorer (Supersonic Imagine) were compared. Shear-wave speed was measured in the skin region, subcutaneous adipose tissue and parenchyma. cs estimates were on average 2.3% greater when using the Aixplorer compared to S2000 in vitro. In vivo, cs estimates were on average 43.7%, 36.3% and 49.9% significantly greater (p << 0.01) when using the Aixplorer compared to S2000, for skin region, subcutaneous adipose tissue and parenchyma, respectively. In conclusion, despite relatively small differences between machines observed in vitro, large differences in absolute measures of shear wave speed measured were observed in vivo, which may prevent pooling of cross-machine data in clinical studies of the breast.

282 ADIPOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION IN VITRO OF PORCINE ADULT MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Monaco ◽  
A. Lima ◽  
S. Wilson ◽  
S. Lane ◽  
M. Bionaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The quantity and accessibility of subcutaneous adipose tissue in humans make it an attractive alternative to bone marrow as a source of adult stem cells for therapeutic purposes. However, before such a cell source substitution can be proposed, the properties of stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ADSC) and bone marrow (BMSC), and their differentiated progeny must be compared in an animal model, such as swine, that adequately simulates the structure and physiology of humans. The objective of this work was to induce adult porcine stem cells isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue and bone marrow to differentiate in vitro along the adipogenic lineage and to compare their transcript profile properties. ADSC and BMSC were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue and femurs of adult pigs, respectively, and differentiated along the adipogenic lineage using specific inducing medium. Cells were incubated up to 4 weeks with medium replaced every 3 days. Histological staining with Oil Red O was performed at 0, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 days of differentiation (dd) to confirm the adipogenic differentiation. RNA was also extracted at these time points. qPCR was performed on PPARG, DBI, ACSL1, CD36, CEBPA, DGAT2, ADFP, ADIPOQ, SCD. The geometrical mean of GTF2H3, NUBP, and PPP2CB was used as an internal control. Gene expression was analyzed using a mixed model of SAS with repeated time. The adipogenic differentiation of both ADSC and BMSC was confirmed by the Oil Red O positive staining. The relative mRNA abundance of all the genes at dd0 was similar between the ADSC and BMSC. The relative mRNA abundance of most of the genes was also similar between ADSC and BMSC throughout the adipogenic differentiation. ACSL1 and ADIPOQ had analogous expression patterns among the cell types. ACSL1 had relatively large mRNA abundance before differentiation, but ADIPOQ was barely detectable. As a consequence of differentiation, ACSL1 increased in relative mRNA abundance about 10-fold, whereas ADIPOQ mRNA increased about 1000-fold. Temporal expression patterns of SCD, DGAT2, and ADFP were similar. The increase in gene expression was >800% for SCD, >500% for ADFP, and >50 000% for DGAT2 after 7dd. ADSC had significantly higher expression of those genes compared to BMSC at 14 and 28dd. Both ADIPOQ and DGAT2 were almost undetectable prior to differentiation. mRNA expression of CD36 and DBI was similar with a significantly larger increase in expression of ADSC compared with BMSC. Relative mRNA abundance of CEBPA and PPARG was also larger in ADSC compared with BMSC; however, BMSC had a remarkable increase in temporal expression of those genes throughout adipogenic differentiation. These results suggest both cell types can differentiate towards the adipogenic lineage but with quantitatively different gene expression patterns. More investigation is needed before the ADSC can be considered a practical alternative source for stem cells in future human clinical applications. This research was supported by the Illinois Regenerative Medicine Institute.

286 OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION IN VITRO OF PORCINE ADULT MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
A. Lima ◽  
E. Monaco ◽  
S. Wilson ◽  
D. Kim ◽  
C. Feltrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The quantity and accessibility of subcutaneous adipose tissue in humans make it an attractive alternative to bone marrow as a source of adult stem cells for therapeutic purposes. However, before such a cell source substitution can be proposed, the properties of stem cells derived from adipose (ADSCs) and bone marrow (MSCs) and their differentiated progeny must be compared in an animal model that adequately simulates the structure and physiology of humans. The objective of this work was to induce adult porcine stem cells isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue and bone marrow to differentiate in vitro along the osteoblastic lineage and to compare their morphological, phenotypic, and genotypic properties. MSCs and ADSCs were isolated respectively from femurs and subcutaneous adipose tissue of adult pigs and cultured in vitro using DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin G-streptomycin, and 5.6 mg L–1 amphotericin B. After 3 passages, cells were differentiated along the osteogenic lineage using lineage-specific inducing medium. Osteogenic medium contained 100 nm dexamethasone, 10 mm β-glycerophosphate, and 0.005 mm ascorbic acid-2-phosphate. Osteogenic cultures were incubated for 4 weeks in 95% air and 5% CO2 at 39�C. Spent medium was replaced with fresh medium every 3 days. Histological staining with alkaline phosphatase, Von Kossa, and alizarin red S were performed at 0, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of differentiation (dd). At the same time points, RNA was extracted. qPCR was performed on COL1A1, BGLAP, SPARC, and SPP1. As internal control, the geometrical mean of GTF2H, NUBP, and PPP2C was used. Relative mRNA abundance between cell types was calculated using 1/efficiencydCT. The osteogenic differentiation of both MSCs and ADScs was confirmed by the organization of the cells in nodules and by alkaline phosphatase-, Von Kossa-, and alizarin red S-positive staining. The percent relative abundance of the 4 genes in both cell types was COL1A1 (ca. 50) > SPARC (ca. 45) > SPP1 (ca. 5) > BGLAP ( < 0.1). Cell types showed similar mRNA abundance for COL1A1 and SPARC while SPP1 and BGLAP were, respectively, 10- and 19-fold higher in MSCs than in ADSCs. All of the genes had the same pattern among tissues during differentiation except for SPP1, which showed a >10-fold increase at 14 v. 0 dd only for MSCs. Adipose-derived stem cells demonstrated a clear osteogenic differentiation and similar expression and pattern of the two osteogenic genes most abundant in MSCs (COL1A1 and SPARC). However, the higher abundance of SPP1 and BGLAP and the different behavior of SPP1 in MSCs suggest a different transcription profile between the two cell types. From these preliminary results, adipose tissue can be a practical alternative source for stem cells in future human clinical applications.

Effects of isoenergetic barley grain and alfalfa pellet diets on in vitro lipogenesis and lipogenic enzyme activities in subcutaneous adipose tissue from sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Okine ◽  
P. F. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Lipogenic Enzyme ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The effects of feeding isoenergetic barley grain or alfalfa pellets on in vitro lipogenesis, palmitate esterification, and lipogenic enzymes activities in biopsy samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue in 10 ewes were studied. Acetyl CoA carboxylase and FAS activities and rate of esterification were 52, 38, and 88%, respectively, higher (P < 0.05) in subcutaneous adipose of ewes fed the concentrate versus those fed the roughage diet. Key words: Isoenergetic, adipose tissue, acetyl CoA carboxylase

Production of glutamine and utilization of glutamate by rat subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (1) ◽  
pp. E151-E154 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Kowalski ◽  
M. Watford
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Glutamine Metabolism ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Information about adipose tissue amino acid metabolism is limited, with most data derived from studies in vitro. The purpose of this study was to further characterize the role of adipose tissue in glutamine metabolism in the rat in vivo. The extracellular concentrations of glutamine, glutamate, alanine, and ammonia were measured in the rat inguinal fat pad using a microdialysis sampling technique. A calibration method was used to accurately assess the extracellular levels of metabolites, and a comparison of these concentrations with those in arterial blood allowed determination of the net flux of each compound. The adipose tissue-arterial blood concentration differences were 122 +/- 19, 54 +/- 37, -61 +/- 21, and -28 +/- 13 microM for glutamine, alanine, glutamate, and ammonia, respectively, indicating a production of glutamine and an uptake of glutamate by subcutaneous adipose tissue. The magnitude of glutamine production suggests that adipose tissue may play a significant role in whole body glutamine homeostasis.

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