Abstract
Parallux®, a solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay (SPFIA) developed for antibiotic residue detection in milk, was used for analysis of bovine and porcine kidney tissue. Four tetracyclines, 2 broad-spectrum cephalosporins, 3 beta-lactam antibiotics, and cephapirin were detected in one run after minimal sample preparation. This commercially available test system is designed as cartridges, each with a combination of 1–4 tests. One cartridge can be used to detect 4 analytes in the same sample, or 1 or 2 analytes in different samples. The cartridge with the combination tetracyclines–ceftiofur–penicillin–cephapirin was selected because tetracyclines, beta-lactam antibiotics as well as cephalosporins, are registered for oral or parenteral use in bovines and pigs in Europe. The test is qualitative and is recommended only for screening. Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline were easily detected at 300 ppb with the tetracyclines channel; ceftiofur at 1000 ppb and cefquinome at 200 ppb with the ceftiofur channel; penicillin G, ampicillin, and amoxicillin at 50 ppb with the penicillin channel; and cephapirin at 100 ppb with the cephapirin channel. These levels are equal to or lower than the corresponding maximal residue limits in kidney tissue. Cephalexin was not detected. The SPFIA test can be used as an alternative to classical inhibition tests and for post-screening inhibitor- positive kidneys, because it detects 3 specific groups of antibiotics, which enables selection of specific confirmatory methods for identification and quantification.
Studies on the optimal extraction of flavonoids from the fruit of Juniperus virginiana L.
