Anti-obesity role of Aster glehni extract: in vivo and in vitro effects

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Lee ◽  
TG Ahn ◽  
CW Kim ◽  
HJ An
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Effects

Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Lung and Liver Protective Activity of Galaxaura oblongata as Antagonistic Efficacy against LPS using Hematological Parameters and Immunohistochemistry as Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa Nabil-Adam ◽  
Mohamed A. Shreadah
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vivo Assays ◽  
Induction Group ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Background: This study aimed to investigate the potential bioactivity and the ameliorative role of Galaxaura oblongata (G. oblongata) against LPS-induced toxicity by using hematological parameters. Objective: It is aimed also to examine its protective effect using the immunohistochemistry of liver and lungs as biomarkers in male BALB/C albino mice. Materials and Methods: the current study carried out using different in-vitro and in-vivo assays such as phytochemical, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory for in-vitro where the hematological and immunohistochemistry for lung and liver were investigated in vivo. Results: There are no previous studies were performed to investigate the in vivo and in vitro effects of the G. oblongata extracts as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory due to their rareness compared to other red algae. LPS treated mice revealed a significant decrease in total number of WBCs, RBCs, platelets, and HGB%, MPV, MCV and MCHC compared to the control group. On contrast, the HCT and MCHC were increased in the induction group which was treated with LPS compared to the control group. Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry results of the present study revealed the protective effect of G. oblongata compared to the induction group. G. oblongata can be used as protective marine natural products against the toxicity induced by LPS. Conclusion: It exhibited a significant ameliorative role against the alterations in the hematological parameters and immunohistochemistry of liver and lungs, and helps to reduce as well as coordinate the acute inflammations caused by TNF.

The Biologic Role of Interleukin-8: Functional Analysis and Expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 on Human Eosinophils

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 694-702
Author(s):  
Holger Petering ◽  
Otto Götze ◽  
Daniela Kimmig ◽  
Regina Smolarski ◽  
Alexander Kapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Cytokine Activation ◽  
Cc Chemokines ◽  
Eosinophil Granulocytes ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Chemokines play an important role in attracting granulocytes into sites of inflammation. Two chemokine subfamilies differ in their biologic activity for different granulocyte subsets. Whereas CXC chemokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) activate predominantly neutrophils, CC chemokines such as RANTES and eotaxin activate predominantly eosinophils. However, controversial results have been published in the past regarding the biologic role of IL-8 in eosinophil activation, particularly in allergic diseases. In this study, we investigated the functional evidence and expression of both IL-8 receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2, on highly purified human eosinophils. In the first set of experiments, a chemotaxis assay was performed showing that IL-8 did not induce chemotaxis of eosinophils. In addition, and in contrast to neutrophils and lymphocytes, IL-8 did not induce a rapid and transient release of cytosolic free Ca2+([Ca2+]i) in eosinophils, even after preincubation with TH1- and TH2-like cytokines. To investigate whether neutrophil contamination might be responsible for the reported IL-8 effects on eosinophils, neutrophils were added to highly purified eosinophils from the same donor in different concentrations. Interestingly, as little as 5% of neutrophil contamination was sufficient to induce an increase of [Ca2+]iafter stimulation with IL-8. Flow cytometry experiments with monoclonal antibodies against both IL-8 receptors demonstrated no expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 on eosinophils before or after cytokine activation. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction experiments showed that eosinophils, in contrast to neutrophils and lymphocytes, did not express mRNA for CXCR1 and CXCR2. In summary, this study clearly demonstrates that CXCR1 and CXCR2 are not expressed on human eosinophils, even after priming with different bioactive cytokines. Because the CXC chemokine IL-8 did not induce in vitro effects on human eosinophils, IL-8 may also not contribute in vivo to the influx of eosinophil granulocytes into sites of allergic inflammation. Our results suggest that CC chemokines such as eotaxin, eotaxin-2, and MCP-4 are predominant for the activation of eosinophils.

Anti-obesity role of adzuki bean extract containing polyphenols: in vivo and in vitro effects

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (13) ◽  
pp. 2644-2651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Kitano-Okada ◽  
Ayano Ito ◽  
Ai Koide ◽  
Yumi Nakamura ◽  
Kyu-Ho Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Endothelin-receptor blockade does not alter closure of the ductus arteriosus

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. H1620-H1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Fineman ◽  
Yasushi Takahashi ◽  
Christine Roman ◽  
Ronald I. Clyman
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Active Tension ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Ly 83583

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is synthesized within the wall of the ductus arteriosus (DA) and is a potent constrictor of the DA in vitro. However, the role of endogenous ET-1 in closure of the DA at birth remains unclear. Therefore, we studied the effects of a selective ETA-receptor antagonist (PD-156707), or its vehicle, on DA closure in 13 late-gestation fetal lambs during the first 5 h after birth. We also studied the effects of ETA-receptor blockade on DA constriction induced by oxygen, indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor), and LY-83583 (a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor) in vitro ( n = 9 ductus arteriosus rings). In vehicle-treated lambs in vivo, the DA constricted during the 5-h study period after birth: DA resistance increased (from 0.007 ± 0.01 to 3.406 ± 4.15 mmHg ⋅ ml−1 ⋅ min ⋅ kg−1; P < 0.05); the pressure gradient across the DA increased (from 1.4 ± 2.1 to 25.2 ± 9.4 mmHg; P < 0.05); and DA blood flow decreased (from 193.5 ± 48.0 to 19.3 ± 14.3 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1; P < 0.05). In vitro, the DA was constricted by exposure to 30% oxygen (23 ± 14% net active tension; P < 0.05), indomethacin (5 × 10−6 M, 22 ± 5% net active tension; P < 0.05), LY-83583 (10−5 M, 24 ± 10% net active tension; P < 0.05), and ET-1 (10−7 M, 19 ± 4% net active tension; P < 0.05). Although PD-156707 blocked both the in vivo and in vitro effects of exogenous ET-1, it had no effect on postnatal ductus constriction nor on in vitro ductus contractile responses to oxygen, indomethacin, or LY-83583. This study suggests that endogenous ET-1 does not play an important role in closure of the DA at birth.

The Biologic Role of Interleukin-8: Functional Analysis and Expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 on Human Eosinophils

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 694-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Petering ◽  
Otto Götze ◽  
Daniela Kimmig ◽  
Regina Smolarski ◽  
Alexander Kapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Cytokine Activation ◽  
Cc Chemokines ◽  
Eosinophil Granulocytes ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Abstract Chemokines play an important role in attracting granulocytes into sites of inflammation. Two chemokine subfamilies differ in their biologic activity for different granulocyte subsets. Whereas CXC chemokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) activate predominantly neutrophils, CC chemokines such as RANTES and eotaxin activate predominantly eosinophils. However, controversial results have been published in the past regarding the biologic role of IL-8 in eosinophil activation, particularly in allergic diseases. In this study, we investigated the functional evidence and expression of both IL-8 receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2, on highly purified human eosinophils. In the first set of experiments, a chemotaxis assay was performed showing that IL-8 did not induce chemotaxis of eosinophils. In addition, and in contrast to neutrophils and lymphocytes, IL-8 did not induce a rapid and transient release of cytosolic free Ca2+([Ca2+]i) in eosinophils, even after preincubation with TH1- and TH2-like cytokines. To investigate whether neutrophil contamination might be responsible for the reported IL-8 effects on eosinophils, neutrophils were added to highly purified eosinophils from the same donor in different concentrations. Interestingly, as little as 5% of neutrophil contamination was sufficient to induce an increase of [Ca2+]iafter stimulation with IL-8. Flow cytometry experiments with monoclonal antibodies against both IL-8 receptors demonstrated no expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 on eosinophils before or after cytokine activation. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction experiments showed that eosinophils, in contrast to neutrophils and lymphocytes, did not express mRNA for CXCR1 and CXCR2. In summary, this study clearly demonstrates that CXCR1 and CXCR2 are not expressed on human eosinophils, even after priming with different bioactive cytokines. Because the CXC chemokine IL-8 did not induce in vitro effects on human eosinophils, IL-8 may also not contribute in vivo to the influx of eosinophil granulocytes into sites of allergic inflammation. Our results suggest that CC chemokines such as eotaxin, eotaxin-2, and MCP-4 are predominant for the activation of eosinophils.

Thyroid hormone inhibits biliary growth in bile duct-ligated rats by PLC/IP3/Ca2+-dependent downregulation of SRC/ERK1/2

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (4) ◽  
pp. C1467-C1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giammarco Fava ◽  
Yoshiyuki Ueno ◽  
Shannon Glaser ◽  
Heather Francis ◽  
Sharon DeMorrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Intracellular Signals ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
In Vitro Effects

The role of the thyroid hormone agonist 3,3′,5 l-tri-iodothyronine (T3) on cholangiocytes is unknown. We evaluated the in vivo and in vitro effects of T3 on cholangiocyte proliferation of bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats. We assessed the expression of α1-, α2-, β1-, and β2-thyroid hormone receptors (THRs) by immunohistochemistry in liver sections from normal and BDL rats. BDL rats were treated with T3 (38.4 μg/day) or vehicle for 1 wk. We evaluated 1) biliary mass and apoptosis in liver sections and 2) proliferation in cholangiocytes. Serum-free T3 levels were measured by chemiluminescence. Purified BDL cholangiocytes were treated with 0.2% BSA or T3 (1 μM) in the absence/presence of U-73122 (PLC inhibitor) or BAPTA/AM (intracellular Ca2+ chelator) before measurement of PCNA protein expression by immunoblots. The in vitro effects of T3 (1 μM) on 1) cAMP, IP3, and Ca2+ levels and 2) the phosphorylation of Src Tyr139 and Tyr530 (that, together, regulate Src activity) and ERK1/2 of BDL cholangiocytes were also evaluated. α1-, α2-, β1-, and β2-THRs were expressed by bile ducts of normal and BDL rats. In vivo, T3 decreased cholangiocyte proliferation of BDL rats. In vitro, T3 inhibition of PCNA protein expression was blocked by U-73122 and BAPTA/AM. Furthermore, T3 1) increased IP3 and Ca2+ levels and 2) decreased Src and ERK1/2 phosphorylation of BDL cholangiocytes. T3 inhibits cholangiocyte proliferation of BDL rats by PLC/IP3/Ca2+-dependent decreased phosphorylation of Src/ERK1/2. Activation of the intracellular signals triggered by T3 may modulate the excess of cholangiocyte proliferation in liver diseases.

Progesterone interaction with eosinophils and with responses already induced by oestrogen in the uterus

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Grunert ◽  
M. Porcia ◽  
G. Neumann ◽  
S. Sepúlveda ◽  
A. N. Tchernitchin
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Blood Eosinophils ◽  
Eosinophil Degranulation

ABSTRACT Progesterone pretreatment decreases oestrogen-induced uterine eosinophilia and other non-genomic responses that are possibly mediated by eosinophils. To investigate the mechanisms of this interaction, the present study describes the effects of progesterone on oestrogenic responses already induced by oestrogen treatment and the in-vivo and in-vitro effects of progesterone on blood eosinophils. Progesterone treatment of oestrogen-pretreated animals potentiated uterine eosinophilia 24 h after progesterone treatment but decreased it at later times and increased eosinophil degranulation in vivo. In addition, progesterone degranulated blood eosinophils in vitro. These findings demonstrate interaction of progesterone with oestrogenic responses mediated by eosinophils. Progesterone interaction with other oestrogenic responses was analysed for comparison; evidence is shown suggesting a role of eosinophils in oestrogeninduced uterine luminal fluid accumulation. J. Endocr. (1984) 102, 295–303

In vitro effects of differentially shaped hydroxyapatite microparticles on RAW264.7 cell responses

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (54) ◽  
pp. 28615-28622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijun Zeng ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Xinghui Liu ◽  
Dandan Shi ◽  
Biao Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Debris ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Raw264.7 Cell ◽  
In Vitro Effects

We testin vitroeffects of differently shaped hydroxyapatite microparticles on RAW264.7 cell responses, which may provide more understanding towards the potential role of HA wear debris shapesin vivo.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

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