scholarly journals Updates on the Epidemiology and Pattern of Traumatic Maxillofacial Injuries in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital: A 12-Month Prospective Cohort In-Hospital Outcome Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
AdeolaAdenike Olusanya ◽  
AmosOlufemi Adeleye ◽  
TimothyOlukunle Aladelusi ◽  
AbiodunOlubayo Fasola
Keyword(s):  
University Teaching ◽  
Maxillofacial Trauma ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Associated Injuries ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries ◽  
Facial Injuries ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Maxillofacial Fractures ◽  
Clinical Records

Many studies have been undertaken in Nigeria on maxillofacial trauma. However, only a few have considered both the skeletal and soft tissue injuries (in general) involving all the aspects of the maxillofacial region or considered other etiological sources of trauma apart from road traffic crashes. Fewer still have reviewed the outcome of management of facial injuries in our low-resource environment. This study sets out to examine the recent trends in both the clinical and epidemiological patterns of all facial injuries from all causes seen in a low-resource practice of a developing country. It also assessed the in-hospital treatment outcomes, and the levels of the patients’ satisfaction with treatment received in this setting. Over a 12-month period, the clinical records of consecutive patients who were evaluated and treated for maxillofacial injuries in our unit were prospectively acquired, entered into predesigned forms and subsequently analyzed. There were 259 patients (79.5% males) during the study period. The mean age was 32.21(± 16.588) years. Overall, motor bike crashes, 42.1%, were the commonest source of these traumas; and armed robbery was the commonest form (69.0%) of assault. Mandibular fractures were the commonest maxillofacial fractures (37.8%) whereas head injury had the highest frequency among the associated injuries (71.4%). Closed reduction and immobilization was deployed in 88.0% of those who had treatment and majority was satisfied with the esthetic outcome of the treatment received. Mean length of hospital stay was 12.6 (± 4.423) days. Maxillofacial trauma poses a significant socioeconomic burden on affected individuals in this study population. This is made worse by the presence of associated injuries in the other body systems. More local studies on the outcome of management of maxillofacial trauma will improve the available literature in this region.

Prevalence and pattern of oral and maxillofacial trauma in Chhattisgarh- A retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Sushmita Batra ◽  
Surabhi Singhai ◽  
Pramod Krishna B ◽  
Rajdeep Singh ◽  
Sushant Soni
Keyword(s):  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maxillofacial Trauma ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries ◽  
Facial Region ◽  
Clinical Records

Maxillofacial trauma is any physical trauma to the facial region, commonly encountered by maxillofacial surgeons, and is often associated with high morbidity and so constitute quite a significant portion of the workload of the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Maxillofacial injuries can occur as an isolated injury or may be associated with multiple injuries in other parts of the body. To assess the patterns, etiology, and treatment modalities of maxillofacial trauma in a teaching hospital in central India, over a 12-year period. Patients with maxillofacial trauma were identified using the department database and clinical records. 264 patients were identified with maxillofacial trauma in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery between January 2006 and December 2018. The study showed that there was a male preponderance in all age groups over female. Of the 264 patients with maxillofacial injuries, 83,33% had isolated lower face (mandibular) fractures, followed by midface fractures (10.60%) and panfacial fractures (6.06%). Road traffic accidents (87.12%) were the most common form of etiology for trauma followed by assaults (10.98%). Most trauma were treated with open reduction internal fixation (89%) than closed reduction (11%). The etiology and pattern of maxillofacial injuries reflect the trauma patterns within the community and can thus provide a guide to help design programs toward prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals Burden of Maxillofacial Trauma at Level 1 Trauma Center

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Pathak Kaul ◽  
Sushma Sagar ◽  
Maneesh Singhal ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Jiten Jaipuria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Center ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maxillofacial Trauma ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries ◽  
Concomitant Injuries ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Maxillofacial Fractures

There is an upward trend in facial injuries following changes in population pattern, increasing industrialization and urbanization, hence maxillofacial trauma is becoming a burden and a leading medical problem in emergency rooms worldwide. This study was performed to evaluate the pattern of maxillofacial fractures, associated injuries, and treatment used at Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center (JPNATC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India, between January 2007 and June 2010. The study provides basis for establishment of trauma as major etiology of maxillofacial injuries and planning for preventive strategies. A retrospective study of patients seen and treated at JPNATC, AIIMS, New Delhi, between January 2007 and June 2010 was performed. Data extracted from patient records included etiology, age, sex, types and sites of fractures, treatment modality, and concomitant injuries. There were 795 fractures of the maxillofacial skeleton and 86 concomitant injuries from 542 patients. Road traffic accident (RTA) (56.8%) was the most common etiologic factor, followed by falls (22.3%) and fights (18.5%). The age range was from 3 to 75 years (mean, 34.7 years) with a peak incidence in the third decade with a male-to-female ratio of 3.7:1. The most common location of maxillofacial fractures was the mandible 615 (77%) and middle third 180 (23%). With regard to mandibular fractures, the body (29.6%) was the most common site, followed by the angle (24.4%), ramus (19.5%), dentoalveolar (14.6%), symphysis (11.0%), condyle (0.8%) while in the middle third, the nasal bone (36.7%) was the most common, followed by zygomatic bone (27.8), Lefort II (14.4), Lefort I (7.8%), dentoalveolar (10.0%), and Lefort III (3.3%). Majority of the patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation (70.6). Concomitant injuries were 84 (10.8%) with orthopedic injuries accounting for the majority (63.9%). Head injury was associated in 16.3% of cases. RTA was the major etiologic factor of maxillofacial injuries in our setting and the young adult males were the main victims. Henceforth, establishment of regionalized, efficient, and focused trauma centers in various parts of the country particularly for acute trauma should be emphasized. Also, the laws regarding the precautions such as seat belts, speed limits, and traffic rules must be observed strictly to reduce the incidence of RTA.

Isolated Tympanic Plate Fracture Frequency and Its Relationship to Mandibular Trauma

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canan Altay ◽  
Nezahat Erdoğan ◽  
Ozan Batkı ◽  
Erdem Eren ◽  
Sedat Altay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Images ◽  
Maxillofacial Trauma ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Condylar Process ◽  
Plate Fracture ◽  
Maxillofacial Fractures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mandible Fractures ◽  
The Right ◽  
Communications System

PurposeThis study evaluated the prevalence of isolated tympanic fractures and their correlation with mandibular fractures by using maxillofacial computed tomography (CT).Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the maxillofacial CT of 1590 patients who presented to our emergency department with maxillofacial trauma between December 2010 and December 2012. Maxillofacial CT was used as the criterion standard for evaluating patients with maxillofacial fractures. The CT images were evaluated by using an electronic picture archiving and communications system and interpreted independently by 2 radiologists.ResultsThe maxillofacial CT images revealed mandibular fractures in 167 of the patients and isolated tympanic plate fractures in 35 of these 167 patients. Four patients (11%) had a bilateral tympanic plate fracture, and 31 patients (89%) had unilateral tympanic plate fracture. Of all the tympanic plate fractures, 19 (54%) were on the right side and 16 (46%) were on the left side ( P > .05). In our results, a significant correlation between the presence of a right-sided tympanic plate fracture and fracture of the ipsilateral condylar process was found ( P = .036). However, a statistically significant difference between the presence of a tympanic plate fracture and other mandible fractures, additional soft-tissue findings, or the number of fractures was not determined ( P > .05). Sex had no impact on the presence of tympanic plate fracture ( P > .05).ConclusionThe frequency of isolated tympanic plate fractures in maxillofacial trauma is low, but it is an important anatomic location. Condyle fractures are significantly associated with isolated tympanic plate fractures. The presence of these injuries should raise suspicion of a concomitant isolated tympanic plate fracture.

Prevalence of Maxillofacial Fractures in Southern Provinces of India

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
VN Shankar ◽  
Ashwini LNU
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Maxillofacial Trauma ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Trauma Centers ◽  
Peak Incidence ◽  
Zygomatic Bone ◽  
Midface Fractures ◽  
Maxillofacial Fractures ◽  
Frequent Site

ABSTRACT Objective The study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of maxillofacial fractures in southern provinces of India. Materials and methods Data of a total of 2,037 patients were analyzed retrospectively over a period of 3 years, i.e., from 2010 to 2013, from various maxillofacial trauma centers of Karnataka, India. Results Study revealed that the maxillofacial fractures had male (87.5%) preponderance and its peak incidence was during 20 to 30 years of age. Isolated mandibular fractures were the most common type of fractures with 1,035 patients (50.81%), followed by isolated midface fractures in 526 patients (25.82%). Among midface fractures, zygomatic bone and arch were most frequently involved. Conclusion Mandible was the frequent site involved. Among maxillary fractures, zygomatic bone and arch were more often involved. How to cite this article Shankar VN, Ashwini. Prevalence of Maxillofacial Fractures in Southern Provinces of India. J Oral Health Comm Dent 2017;11(1):5-7.

Changing Pattern of Pediatric Maxillofacial Injuries at the Accident and Emergency Department of the University Teaching Hospital, Ibadan–A Four-Year Experience

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria N. Okoje ◽  
Temitope O. Alonge ◽  
Olufemi A. Oluteye ◽  
Obafunke O. Denloye
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries ◽  
Concomitant Injuries ◽  
Gunshot Injuries ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Accident And Emergency Department

AbstractIntroduction:Maxillofacial injuries are common among polytraumatized patients, and in Nigeria, the incidence seems to be on the increase. This probably is related to the drive of industrialization and the increase in the number of road traffic accidents. Delays in attending to severe maxillofacial injuries can be grave because of concomitant injuries that can be life threatening.Methods:This is a prospective review of maxillofacial injuries in patients ≤16 years of age who were seen at the Accident and Emergency Department between October 2002 and December 2006. In all the patients, the accident and emergency physicians carried out initial resuscitation, and thereafter, they were referred to the maxillofacial unit on call.Results:A total of 611 patients with maxillofacial injuries were seen during the study period and of this, 134 (22%) were ≤16 years old. The male:female ratio was 1.1:1.0. Road traffic accident (RTA) was the most common etiological factor in 73 (54.5%) cases, while gunshot injuries accounted for 6 (4.4%) cases. Soft tissue lacerations were the most common maxillofacial injuries occurring in 90 (55.9%) cases; mandibular fractures were the most common bony injury in 17 (13.4%).Conclusions:The upsurge in maxillofacial gunshot injuries in the pediatric age group is alarming and this may be a reflection of the global changes (westernization and drug-related offenses like armed robberies) and the harsh economic conditions in this community.

scholarly journals Maxillofacial injuries managed at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal: a 7 year retrospective study

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Krishna K.C. ◽  
Jayan Man Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries ◽  
Maxillofacial Region ◽  
Body Angle ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Le Fort ◽  
Facial Injuries ◽  
Le Fort I

Introduction: Of all the facial injuries, maxillofacial region is one most frequently involved. The maxillofacial region is most prone to trauma owing to its prominent position in the skull which gets involved easily in case of trauma. Facial injuries can have long term consequences in terms of esthetics and function. Few series have been studied in terms of incidence of facial trauma in Nepal. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all the patients admitted and treated at the surgery and dental department of the Tribhuvan University teaching hospital with the diagnosis of facial injuries over the period of 8 years (2008 to 2016). The characteristics of these injuries were analyzed. The causes of injury were classified as follows: traffic accidents, assaults, animal attacks, falls, sports and related to the disaster. Anatomically, fractures of the mandible were classified into following regions: symphysis, parasymphysis, canine, body, angle, condyle and fractures more than one site (multiple sites). Midface fractures were classified according to the Le fort classification into Le fort I, Le Fort II, Le fort III and ZMC. Results: A total of 133 patients with facial fractures were treated between 2008 and 2016 which were retrospectively analyzed. The male: female ratio was 2:1 and the largest subgroup of patients were between 16 and 30 years of age. The most common cause of injury was road traffic accidents (62.4%) involving motorcycles or automobiles. Other common causes included, in descending order, falls (5.2%), animal attacks (5.2%) assaults (3.7%) and sports. Isolated mandibular fractures were most common (50.4%), followed by isolated Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures (18.8%). The percentage of fractures involving Le fort I was 8.3%, and that of isolated alveolar fractures was 9%. Conclusion: RTAs remains the main cause for maxillofacial injuries where males were predominately affected, condition of the roads, traffic regulations and adverse weathers all contribute to the TRAs in developing countries like Nepal.

scholarly journals (A73) Burden of Maxillofacial Trauma at Level Trauma 1 Centre

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s20-s21 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sagar ◽  
M. Singhal ◽  
K. Kataria ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
A. Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Nasal Bone ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maxillofacial Trauma ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Concomitant Injuries ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Maxillofacial Fractures

BackgroundThere is an upward trend in facial injuries following changes in population pattern, increasing industrialization and urbanization, hence maxillofacial trauma is becoming a burden and a leading medical problem in emergency rooms worldwide.MethodA retrospective study of patients with maxillofacial fractures seen and treated at the Jai Parkash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, AIIMS, New Delhi, India between January 2007 to June 2010. Data extracted from the patients' records include aetiology, age, sex, types and sites of fractures, treatment modality and concomitant injuries.ResultsThere were 795 fractures of the maxillofacial skeleton and 86 concomitant injuries from 542 patients. Road traffic accident (56.8%) was the most common aetiologic factor, followed by falls (22.3%) and fights (18.5%). The age range was from 3 years to 75 years (mean = 34.7) with a peak incidence in the 3rd decade with a male–female sex ratio of 3.7:1. The most common location of maxillofacial fractures was the mandible 615(77%) and middle third 205(23%). With regards to mandibular fractures, the body (29.6%) was the commonest sites, followed by the angle (24.4%), ramus (19.5%), dentoalveolar (14.6%), symphysis (11.0%), condyle (0.8%) while in the middle third, the nasal bone (36.7%) was the most common, followed by zygomatic bone (27.8), Lefort II (14.4), Lefort I (7.8%), dentoalveolar (10.0%) and Lefort III (3.3%). Majority of the patients were treated by Open reduction and internal fixation (70.6). Concomitant injuries were 10.8% with orthopaedic injuries accounting for the majority (63.9%). Head injury was associated with 16.3 % of cases.ConclusionMaxillofacial fractures are on the increase. We advocate the establishment of regionalized trauma centers with basic training available to all surgical residents for initial emergency room management.

scholarly journals A review of cervical spine injury associated with maxillofacial trauma at a UK tertiary referral centre

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mukherjee ◽  
K Abhinav ◽  
PJ Revington
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Cervical Spine Injury ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
Maxillofacial Trauma ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Maxillofacial Fracture ◽  
Maxillofacial Fractures

Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and patterns of cervical spine injury (CSI) associated with maxillofacial fractures at a UK trauma centre. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of 714 maxillofacial fracture patients presenting to a single trauma centre between 2006 and 2012. Results Of the 714 maxillofacial fracture patients, 2.2% had associated CSI including a fracture, cord contusion or disc herniation. In comparison, 1.0% of patients without maxillofacial trauma sustained a CSI (odds ratio: 2.2, p=0.01). The majority (88%) of CSI cases of were caused by a road traffic accident (RTA) with the remainder due to falls. While 8.8% of RTA related maxillofacial trauma patients sustained a CSI, only 2.0% of fall related patients did (p=0.03, not significant). Most (70%) of the CSIs occurred at C1/C2 or C6/C7 levels. Overall, 455, 220 and 39 patients suffered non-mandibular, isolated mandibular and mixed mandibular/non-mandibular fractures respectively. Their respective incidences of CSI were 1.5%, 1.8% and 12.8% (p=0.005, significant). Twelve patients with concomitant CSI had their maxillofacial fractures treated within twenty-four hours and all were treated within four days. Conclusions The presence of maxillofacial trauma mandates exclusion and prompt management of cervical spine injury, particularly in RTA and trauma cases involving combined facial fracture patterns. This approach will facilitate management of maxillofacial fractures within an optimum time period.

scholarly journals An overview of the prevalence and pattern of maxillofacial trauma in the south of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Yadollahi ◽  
Sarina Sahmeddini
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Maxillofacial Trauma ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Associated Injuries ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: The purpose of the current study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of maxillofacial trauma. Methods: This is a cross sectional study of maxillofacial trauma cases treated in the referral trauma center of south of Iran. Data of 264 patients were extracted from patients’ records and analyzed. Data included patient’s demographics, injury mechanism, types of maxillofacial injuries, Injury Severity Score (ISS), associated injuries, length of hospital stay and outcome. Binary logistic regression by backward method was applied to determine the effects of independent variables on mortality odds ratio. Results: 85.23% of patients were males and of all patients 87.5% survived. The mean of age was 34.95 ± 16.51. The commonest cause of maxillofacial injury was road traffic accidents (86.31%). The median of ISS was 20.39± 10.24 and patients aged 30-39 years had the highest ISS. Overall, the most common maxillofacial injuries were orbital (59.47%, n=157) followed by maxillary (48.11%, n=127); common associated injuries were related to head (81.44%, n=215) followed by thorax (58.33%, n=154). Age and gender (being male) increased the odds ratio of mortality. An increase in ISS decreased the odds ratio of mortality, but it was not significant. Conclusion: Most of maxillofacial trauma patients suffered from orbital injuries and there were a huge percentage of associated injuries. Gender (male), age and length of hospital stay were the significant variables of mortality in maxillofacial patients. The findings of the current study sheds light on further investigation to treat these patients and enforce road traffic legislation and public education to prevent these traumas.

scholarly journals Complications of Frontal Sinus Fractures

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Metzinger ◽  
Rebecca C. Metzinger
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Sinus ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Associated Injuries ◽  
Soft Tissue Envelope ◽  
Patient Gender ◽  
Maxillofacial Fractures ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Frontal Sinus Fracture ◽  
The One

Frontal sinus fracture represents 5 to 12% of all maxillofacial fractures. Because of the anatomic position of the frontal sinus and the enormous amount of force required to create a fracture in this area, these injuries are often devastating and associated with other trauma. Associated injuries include skull base, intracranial, ophthalmologic, and maxillofacial. Complications should be categorized to address these four areas as well as the skin—soft tissue envelope, muscle, and bone. Other variables that should be examined are age of the patient, gender, mechanism of injury, fracture pattern, method of repair, and associated injuries. Management of frontal sinus fractures is so controversial that the indications, timing, method of repair, and surveillance remain disputable among several surgical specialties. The one universal truth that is agreed upon is that all patients undergoing reconstructive surgery of the frontal sinus have a lifelong risk for delayed complications. It is hoped that when patients do experience the first symptoms of a complication, they seek immediate medical attention and avoid potentially life-threatening situations and the need for crippling or disfiguring surgery. The best way to facilitate this is through long-term follow-up and routine surveillance.

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