Findings and Utility of Chest Computed Tomography in Pediatric Tuberculosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 025-031
Author(s):  
Fernando Aparici-Robles ◽  
Luis Marti-Bonmati ◽  
Amparo Escribano-Montaner ◽  
Eugenio Sanchez-Aparisi ◽  
Carmen Otero-Reigada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Positive Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Normal Chest

AbstractThe objectives of this study are to describe the radiologic abnormalities detected on chest computed tomography (CT) of children suffering from tuberculosis and identify in which asymptomatic children, with positive tuberculin skin test and normal chest radiography, CT has the highest diagnostic yield using a low radiation dose protocol. The most common finding on CT in cases of tuberculosis is lymphadenopathy with necrotic appearance. In asymptomatic children with positive tuberculin skin test and normal chest radiography, CT had higher diagnostic yield in children younger than 5 years, modifying the therapeutic approach in a high percentage of cases. Reduction kilovoltage (kV) and milliamperage (mA) protocols significantly decrease the radiation dose, keeping sufficient diagnostic quality.

scholarly journals Validity of a self-reported history of a positive tuberculin skin test

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1039-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillary V. Kunins ◽  
Andrea A. Howard ◽  
Robert S. Klein ◽  
Julia H. Arnsten ◽  
Alain H. Litwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Positive Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Feasible Dose Reduction in Routine Chest Computed Tomography Maintaining Constant Image Quality Using the Last Three Scanner Generations: From Filtered Back Projection to Sinogram-affirmed Iterative Reconstruction and Impact of the Novel Fully Integrated Detector Design Minimizing Electronic Noise

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Ebner ◽  
Felix Knobloch ◽  
Adrian Huber ◽  
Julia Landau ◽  
Daniel Ott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Back Projection ◽  
Dose Length Product ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Tube Current

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate a dose reduction in contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) by comparing the three latest generations of Siemens CT scanners used in clinical practice. We analyzed the amount of radiation used with filtered back projection (FBP) and an iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithm to yield the same image quality. Furthermore, the influence on the radiation dose of the most recent integrated circuit detector (ICD; Stellar detector, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) was investigated. Materials and Methods: 136 Patients were included. Scan parameters were set to a thorax routine: SOMATOM Sensation 64 (FBP), SOMATOM Definition Flash (IR), and SOMATOM Definition Edge (ICD and IR). Tube current was set constantly to the reference level of 100 mA automated tube current modulation using reference milliamperes. Care kV was used on the Flash and Edge scanner, while tube potential was individually selected between 100 and 140 kVp by the medical technologists at the SOMATOM Sensation. Quality assessment was performed on soft-tissue kernel reconstruction. Dose was represented by the dose length product. Results: Dose-length product (DLP) with FBP for the average chest CT was 308 mGy*cm ± 99.6. In contrast, the DLP for the chest CT with IR algorithm was 196.8 mGy*cm ± 68.8 (P = 0.0001). Further decline in dose can be noted with IR and the ICD: DLP: 166.4 mGy*cm ± 54.5 (P = 0.033). The dose reduction compared to FBP was 36.1% with IR and 45.6% with IR/ICD. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was favorable in the aorta, bone, and soft tissue for IR/ICD in combination compared to FBP (the P values ranged from 0.003 to 0.048). Overall contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) improved with declining DLP. Conclusion: The most recent technical developments, namely IR in combination with integrated circuit detectors, can significantly lower radiation dose in chest CT examinations.

Robustness of NHANES Estimates of the US Prevalence of a Positive Tuberculin Skin Test

Epidemiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam B. Haddad ◽  
Timothy L. Lash ◽  
Andrew N. Hill ◽  
Thomas R. Navin ◽  
Kenneth G. Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Positive Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals [P033] Evaluation, comparison and optimization of the effects of manual versus software automated protocols on radiation dose and image quality in paediatric chest computed tomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 107-108
Author(s):  
Luca Bellesi ◽  
Gianluca Argentieri ◽  
Filippo Del Grande ◽  
Stefano Presilla ◽  
Corrado Soldati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography

Utility of Chest Computed Tomography after a “Normal” Chest Radiograph in Patients with Thoracic Stab Wounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 965-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Nguyen ◽  
David Plurad ◽  
Sadaf Abrishami ◽  
Angela Neville ◽  
Brant Putnam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Tube Thoracostomy ◽  
Diagnostic Strategy ◽  
Stab Wounds ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Normal Chest Radiograph ◽  
Normal Chest ◽  
Level I

Chest computed tomography (CCT) is used to screen for injuries in hemodynamically stable patients with penetrating injury. We aim to determine the incidence of missed injuries detected on CCT after a negative chest radiograph (CXR) in patients with thoracic stab wounds. A 10-year retrospective review of a Level I trauma center registry was performed on patients with thoracic stab wounds. Patients who were hemodynamically unstable or did not undergo both CXR and CCT were excluded. Patients with a negative CXR were evaluated to determine if additional findings were diagnosed on CCT. Of 386 patients with stab wounds to the chest, 154 (40%) underwent both CXR and CCT. One hundred and fifteen (75%) had a negative screening CXR. CCT identified injuries in 42 patients (37%) that were not seen on CXR. Pneumothorax and/or hemothorax occurred in 40 patients (35%), of which 14 patients underwent tube thoracostomy. Two patients had hemopericardium on CCT and both required operative intervention. Greater than one-third of patients with a normal screening CXR were found to have abnormalities on CCT. Future studies comparing repeat CXR to CCT are required to further define the optimal diagnostic strategy in patients with stab wounds to chest after normal screening CXR.

Positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis Gastric Lavage Cultures from Asymptomatic Children With Normal Chest Radiography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R Donald ◽  
Lena Ronge ◽  
Anne-Marie Demers ◽  
Stephanie Thee ◽  
H Simon Schaaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Gastric Lavage ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Test Conversion ◽  
Normal Chest ◽  
Anatomical Pathology

Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture from gastric lavage from apparently healthy children following tuberculin skin test conversion, despite normal chest radiography (CR), is well known but is a contentious subject. A consensus statement regarding classification of childhood tuberculosis excluded this condition, stating that more data were needed. To assist in this discussion, we reviewed early publications that reported the occurrence of this phenomenon and early anatomical pathology studies that described changes that occur in children following tuberculosis infection. Pathology studies describe frequent cavitation in primary foci in children from whom positive M. tuberculosis cultures might easily arise. These foci were very small in some children who might have normal CR. Positive cultures might also arise from ulcerated mediastinal lymph nodes that are invisible on CR. Young children with recent infection very likely have active primary pulmonary tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Commercially Available Gamma Interferon Blood Tests for Immunodiagnosis of Tuberculosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Domínguez ◽  
Juan Ruiz-Manzano ◽  
Malú De Souza-Galvão ◽  
Irene Latorre ◽  
Celia Milà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Positive Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Blood Tests

ABSTRACT We evaluated the T-SPOT.TB and Quantiferon-TB Gold In tube (QFN-G-IT) tests for diagnosing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. T-SPOT.TB was more sensitive than QFN-G-IT in diagnosing both active and latent infection. Both gamma interferon tests were unaffected by prior Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination. Among children who were not BCG vaccinated but had a positive tuberculin skin test, QFN-G-IT was negative in 53.3% of cases, and T-SPOT.TB was negative in 50% of cases.

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