Standards to Support Development of Terminological Systems for Healthcare Telematics

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 551-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Consorti ◽  
E. Galeazzi ◽  
A. Rossi Mori
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Universal Coding ◽  
Categorical Structure ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Task Oriented

AbstractThe Technical Committee on “Medical Informatics” of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN{TC251) is supporting developers ofterminological systems in healthcare by a series of standards. The dream of “universal” coding system was abandoned in favor of a coherent family of terminologies, diversified according to tasks; two ideas were introduced: (1) the “categorical structure”, i.e. a model of semantic categories and their relations within a subject field and (2) the “cross-thesaurus”, i.e. a system of descriptors to build a systematic representation (called here “dissection") for each terminological phrase, coherent across diverse terminologies on a given subject field.The goal is to assure coexistence and interoperability (and reciprocal support for development and maintenance) to three generations of systems: (1) traditional paper-based systems (first generation); (2) compositional systems built according to a categorical structure and a cross-thesaurus (second generation) and (3) formal models (third generation).Various scenarios are presented, on the exploitation of computer-based terminological systems. The idea of “operational meaning” of terminological phrases within administrative and organizational contexts and the idea of “task-oriented details” are also introduced, to justify and exploit design constraints on terminological systems.

A Computerized Coding System for Processing Basic Histopathological Changes – Application to Vascular Pathology

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mauriello ◽  
Y. Sambuy ◽  
E. Bonanno ◽  
A. Orlandi ◽  
G. Palmieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Sufficient Space

SummaryAmong the numerous existing computer-based systems for processing pathological data, none contains sufficient space for encoding data on the basic cytological or histological changes of a certain organ or tissue, upon which the final diagnosis is based.An “analytical record” was constructed listing all the basic changes that can be encountered in the various pathological conditions of the vascular wall. The data collected on the “analytical record” were coded by means of an alphanumeric code and stored in an Apple II 48 K minicomputer.The advantages of this system include the computerization of the data by non-specialized personnel and the possibility to’ quantitatively analyze the histocytopathological parameters used for diagnosis in vascular pathology. This coding system may easily be adapted, with minor modifications, to the histopathological study of other organs and tissues.

Properties and units in the clinical laboratory sciences. Part XVI. Properties and units in clinical allergology (Technical Report) (IFCC-IUPAC 1999)

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Bruunshuus ◽  
L. K. Poulsen ◽  
H. Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Individual Doctor ◽  
Informative Communication ◽  
Clinical Laboratory Sciences

The subject field of clinical allergology deals with many hundred different allergens from all parts of the human environment and the number steadily increases. Not all of the allergens are strictly defined in chemical terms and procedures for detection of antibodies against the allergens in the human vary. This document deals with the presentation of request and report on such properties according to some international rules and the allocation of code values representing the concept delineated. The coding scheme thus prepared is imperfect and needs further elaboration as allergens become more well defined. It is a step toward harmonization, in particular as concerns the coding system applied. The net outcome is a coding scheme for use in electronic transmission. PrefaceThe present document is part sixteen (XVI) of a series on properties and units in the clinical laboratory sciences initiated in 1987. > View series titles (view corresponding project) The NCCLS code values are reproduced with permission from NCCLS publication I/LA20-P.Foreword and ScopeBasic research in biology and medicine and innovations in laboratory methodology have greatly increased the range of properties available to medical practitioners to help them in decisions on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease. The plethora is now such that the individual doctor has insight in or understanding of only a limited number of properties offered to him or her from the various clinical laboratory specialities. In the laboratory, local terms (jargon) may be well understood among colleagues, but they are not appropriate for communication with the outside world. Likewise, a laboratory and its local community of users, such as hospital or community physicians, may use a "local dialect" of the language of clinical laboratory sciences which is well understood by all concerned, but when the communication possibilities are wider, even transnational, risks of serious misunderstanding arise. In addition, the terminology used by one laboratory speciality may vary even within the speciality, and may be incomprehensible to another speciality. This inconsistency is a minor inconvenience to the laboratory specialities, each one essentially operating within its own area of activity. However, for the user this inconsistency is highly unsatisfactory and may hinder treatment of the patient. It is therefore essential to promote clear, unambiguous, meaningful and fully informative communication. Also coherence of statements made within and between medical specialities, and uniformity in structure of presentation is to be strived for. This coherence will facilitate transfer of information over cultural, alphabetic and language areas. The purpose of this document is to apply the syntax structures for request and report recommended by the European standards ENV 1614:1995 and ENV 12435:1996 and by IUPAC-IFCC, providing formats and names of properties observed in the domain of clinical allergology, in order to facilitate unequivocal written or electronic communication between health care professionals. The systematic names recommended here are primarily for the purpose of unambiguous data exchange. Their use in routine language by clinicians or laboratory practitioners is optional but encouraged.

scholarly journals Principles we talk by

Pragmatics ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-230
Author(s):  
Bethan Davies
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Real Language ◽  
Principle Of Parsimony ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Individual Effort

This paper takes two behavioural principles which have been suggested as explanatory models for human conversation, and tests them on a corpus of task-oriented dialogues (the HCRC Map Task Corpus). The principles chosen are Clark’s Collaborative Theory and Shadbolt’s Principle of Parsimony, which are both interested in notions of effort although they come from entirely different subfields of linguistics. The aim of the study is to compare the explanatory power of each of these principles when they are applied to real language data. Each of the principles was converted into a set of representative hypotheses about the types of behaviour which they would predict in dialogue. Then, a way of coding dialogue behaviour was developed, in order that the hypotheses could be tested on a suitably sized dataset. In particular, the coding system tried to distinguish between the levels of effort which participants used in their utterances. Finally, a series of statistical tests was undertaken to test the predictions of the hypotheses on the information generated by the coding system. The strongest support was found for the Principle of Parsimony and its associate Principle of Least Individual Effort, at the expense of the Collaborative Principle and the Principle of Least Collaborative Effort. There is certainly evidence that speakers try to minimise effort, but this seems to be occurring on an individual basis – which can be to the cost of the overall dialogue and task performance – rather than on a collaborative basis.

Study on Development of Humor Discriminator for Dialogue System

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-435
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Yoshikawa ◽  
◽  
Ryosuke Iwakura
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Other ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dialogue Systems ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Dialogue System ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Task Oriented

Studies on automatic dialogue systems, which allow people and computers to communicate with each other using natural language, have been attracting attention. In particular, the main objective of a non-task-oriented dialogue system is not to achieve a specific task but to amuse users through chat and free dialogue. For this type of dialogue system, continuity of the dialogue is important because users can easily get tired if the dialogue is monotonous. On the other hand, preceding studies have shown that speech with humorous expressions is effective in improving the continuity of a dialogue. In this study, we developed a computer-based humor discriminator to perform user- or situation-independent objective discrimination of humor. Using the humor discriminator, we also developed an automatic humor generation system and conducted an evaluation experiment with human subjects to test the generated jokes. A t-test on the evaluation scores revealed a significant difference (P value: 3.5×10-5) between the proposed and existing methods of joke generation.

Computer-Based Wear Analysis and Clinical Outcome of First-Generation Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene Liner: Five-year Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. e55
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Tsailas ◽  
Amar S. Ranawat ◽  
Yossef Blum ◽  
Trevor Koob ◽  
Gregory Bonci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Polyethylene Liner ◽  
Wear Analysis ◽  
Computer Based

scholarly journals No lab is an island: universal coding of laboratory test names

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872199482
Author(s):  
Michael K. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Universal Coding ◽  
Reporting Requirements ◽  
Metabolic Type ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Local Laboratory

The local laboratory with a local client-base, that never needs to exchange information with any outside entity, is a dying breed. As marketing channels, animal movement, and reporting requirements become increasingly national and international, the need to communicate about laboratory tests and results grows. Local and proprietary names of laboratory tests often fail to communicate enough detail to distinguish between similar tests. To avoid a lengthy description of each test, laboratories need the ability to assign codes that, although not sufficiently user-friendly for day-to-day use, contain enough information to translate between laboratories and even languages. The Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) standard provides such a universal coding system. Each test—each atomic observation—is evaluated on 6 attributes that establish its uniqueness at the level of clinical—or epidemiologic—significance. The analyte detected, analyte property, specimen, and result scale combine with the method of analysis and timing (for challenge and metabolic type tests) to define a unique LOINC code. Equipping laboratory results with such universal identifiers creates a world of opportunity for cross-institutional data exchange, aggregation, and analysis, and presents possibilities for data mining and artificial intelligence on a national and international scale. A few challenges, relatively unique to regulatory veterinary test protocols, require special handling.

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