Selection Task and Computer-Based Feedback to Improve the Searching Process in Task-Oriented Reading Situations

2015 ◽  
pp. 804-807
Author(s):  
María-Ángeles Serrano ◽  
Eduardo Vidal-Abarca ◽  
Ignacio Máñez ◽  
Carmen Candel
Keyword(s):  
Selection Task ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Task Oriented

scholarly journals Task selection, task switching and multitasking during computer-based independent study

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Judd
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Management System ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Computer Laboratory ◽  
Task Duration ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Computer Based

<p>Detailed logs of students’ computer use, during independent study sessions, were captured in an open-access computer laboratory. Each log consisted of a chronological sequence of tasks representing either the application or the Internet domain displayed in the workstation’s active window. Each task was classified using a three-tier schema according to its likely context of use: The top-level categories being <em>Academic</em>, <em>Communication</em>, <em>Information</em>, <em>Recreation</em> and <em>Applications</em>. Students switched tasks frequently – median task duration was only 31 seconds. Approximately 30% of all tasks were <em>Academic</em> with the majority of these involving the university’s learning management system. <em>Communication</em> and <em>Recreation</em> tasks accounted for 18% and 9% of tasks respectively. Up to one half of all tasks were not related to study. Multitasking was very common during independent study sessions, particularly when <em>Communication</em> tasks were active. This study confirms that students are likely to regularly switch tasks, attend to distracting tasks, and multitask during independent study. Each one of these behaviours has the potential to negatively impact on students’ learning, and when combined they indicate that students are relatively inefficient at managing competing tasks and their time when studying.</p>

Standards to Support Development of Terminological Systems for Healthcare Telematics

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 551-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Consorti ◽  
E. Galeazzi ◽  
A. Rossi Mori
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Universal Coding ◽  
Categorical Structure ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Task Oriented

AbstractThe Technical Committee on “Medical Informatics” of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN{TC251) is supporting developers ofterminological systems in healthcare by a series of standards. The dream of “universal” coding system was abandoned in favor of a coherent family of terminologies, diversified according to tasks; two ideas were introduced: (1) the “categorical structure”, i.e. a model of semantic categories and their relations within a subject field and (2) the “cross-thesaurus”, i.e. a system of descriptors to build a systematic representation (called here “dissection") for each terminological phrase, coherent across diverse terminologies on a given subject field.The goal is to assure coexistence and interoperability (and reciprocal support for development and maintenance) to three generations of systems: (1) traditional paper-based systems (first generation); (2) compositional systems built according to a categorical structure and a cross-thesaurus (second generation) and (3) formal models (third generation).Various scenarios are presented, on the exploitation of computer-based terminological systems. The idea of “operational meaning” of terminological phrases within administrative and organizational contexts and the idea of “task-oriented details” are also introduced, to justify and exploit design constraints on terminological systems.

Study on Development of Humor Discriminator for Dialogue System

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-435
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Yoshikawa ◽  
◽  
Ryosuke Iwakura
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Other ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dialogue Systems ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Dialogue System ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Task Oriented

Studies on automatic dialogue systems, which allow people and computers to communicate with each other using natural language, have been attracting attention. In particular, the main objective of a non-task-oriented dialogue system is not to achieve a specific task but to amuse users through chat and free dialogue. For this type of dialogue system, continuity of the dialogue is important because users can easily get tired if the dialogue is monotonous. On the other hand, preceding studies have shown that speech with humorous expressions is effective in improving the continuity of a dialogue. In this study, we developed a computer-based humor discriminator to perform user- or situation-independent objective discrimination of humor. Using the humor discriminator, we also developed an automatic humor generation system and conducted an evaluation experiment with human subjects to test the generated jokes. A t-test on the evaluation scores revealed a significant difference (P value: 3.5×10-5) between the proposed and existing methods of joke generation.

Cell morphology, volume, and surface area determinations from multilevel contouring within HVEM micrographs of serial sections and whole-cell mounts

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 588-589
Author(s):  
M. Marko ◽  
A. Leith ◽  
D. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Serial Section ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Computer Based

The use of serial sections and computer-based 3-D reconstruction techniques affords an opportunity not only to visualize the shape and distribution of the structures being studied, but also to determine their volumes and surface areas. Up until now, this has been done using serial ultrathin sections.The serial-section approach differs from the stereo logical methods of Weibel in that it is based on the Information from a set of single, complete cells (or organelles) rather than on a random 2-dimensional sampling of a population of cells. Because of this, it can more easily provide absolute values of volume and surface area, especially for highly-complex structures. It also allows study of individual variation among the cells, and study of structures which occur only infrequently.We have developed a system for 3-D reconstruction of objects from stereo-pair electron micrographs of thick specimens.

A hitchhiker’s guide to microscopy and microanalysis using telecommunications, e-mail, and the Internet

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 390-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor J. Zaluzec
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Information Superhighway ◽  
The World ◽  
Exchange Information ◽  
On Line ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Communication Software ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
E Mail

The Information SuperHighway, Email, The Internet, FTP, BBS, Modems, : all buzz words which are becoming more and more routine in our daily life. Confusing terminology? Hopefully it won't be in a few minutes, all you need is to have a handle on a few basic concepts and terms and you will be on-line with the rest of the "telecommunication experts". These terms all refer to some type or aspect of tools associated with a range of computer-based communication software and hardware. They are in fact far less complex than the instruments we use on a day to day basis as microscopist's and microanalyst's. The key is for each of us to know what each is and how to make use of the wealth of information which they can make available to us for the asking. Basically all of these items relate to mechanisms and protocols by which we as scientists can easily exchange information rapidly and efficiently to colleagues in the office down the hall, or half-way around the world using computers and various communications media. The purpose of this tutorial/paper is to outline and demonstrate the basic ideas of some of the major information systems available to all of us today. For the sake of simplicity we will break this presentation down into two distinct (but as we shall see later connected) areas: telecommunications over conventional phone lines, and telecommunications by computer networks. Live tutorial/demonstrations of both procedures will be presented in the Computer Workshop/Software Exchange during the course of the meeting.

Computer based simulated patient for teaching history-taking

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
HA Brody ◽  
LF Lucaccini ◽  
M Kamp ◽  
R Rozen
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Patient ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Teaching History ◽  
Computer Based

Auditory Training to Improve Speech Perception and Self-Efficacy in Aging Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1270-1281
Author(s):  
Leah Fostick ◽  
Riki Taitelbaum-Swead ◽  
Shulamith Kreitler ◽  
Shelly Zokraut ◽  
Miriam Billig
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Intensity Discrimination ◽  
Training Design ◽  
Auditory Temporal Processing ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Aging Adults

Purpose Difficulty in understanding spoken speech is a common complaint among aging adults, even when hearing impairment is absent. Correlational studies point to a relationship between age, auditory temporal processing (ATP), and speech perception but cannot demonstrate causality unlike training studies. In the current study, we test (a) the causal relationship between a spatial–temporal ATP task (temporal order judgment [TOJ]) and speech perception among aging adults using a training design and (b) whether improvement in aging adult speech perception is accompanied by improved self-efficacy. Method Eighty-two participants aged 60–83 years were randomly assigned to a group receiving (a) ATP training (TOJ) over 14 days, (b) non-ATP training (intensity discrimination) over 14 days, or (c) no training. Results The data showed that TOJ training elicited improvement in all speech perception tests, which was accompanied by increased self-efficacy. Neither improvement in speech perception nor self-efficacy was evident following non-ATP training or no training. Conclusions There was no generalization of the improvement resulting from TOJ training to intensity discrimination or generalization of improvement resulting from intensity discrimination training to speech perception. These findings imply that the effect of TOJ training on speech perception is specific and such improvement is not simply the product of generally improved auditory perception. It provides support for the idea that temporal properties of speech are indeed crucial for speech perception. Clinically, the findings suggest that aging adults can be trained to improve their speech perception, specifically through computer-based auditory training, and this may improve perceived self-efficacy.

Age Norms for Auditory-Perceptual Neurophonetic Parameters: A Prerequisite for the Assessment of Childhood Dysarthria

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1082
Author(s):  
Theresa Schölderle ◽  
Elisabet Haas ◽  
Wolfram Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Age Norms ◽  
Elementary School Age ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Computer Based

Purpose The aim of this study was to collect auditory-perceptual data on established symptom categories of dysarthria from typically developing children between 3 and 9 years of age, for the purpose of creating age norms for dysarthria assessment. Method One hundred forty-four typically developing children (3;0–9;11 [years;months], 72 girls and 72 boys) participated. We used a computer-based game specifically designed for this study to elicit sentence repetitions and spontaneous speech samples. Speech recordings were analyzed using the auditory-perceptual criteria of the Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales, a standardized German assessment tool for dysarthria in adults. The Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales (scales and features) cover clinically relevant dimensions of speech and allow for an evaluation of well-established symptom categories of dysarthria. Results The typically developing children exhibited a number of speech characteristics overlapping with established symptom categories of dysarthria (e.g., breathy voice, frequent inspirations, reduced articulatory precision, decreased articulation rate). Substantial progress was observed between 3 and 9 years of age, but with different developmental trajectories across different dimensions. In several areas (e.g., respiration, voice quality), 9-year-olds still presented with salient developmental speech characteristics, while in other dimensions (e.g., prosodic modulation), features typically associated with dysarthria occurred only exceptionally, even in the 3-year-olds. Conclusions The acquisition of speech motor functions is a prolonged process not yet completed with 9 years. Various developmental influences (e.g., anatomic–physiological changes) shape children's speech specifically. Our findings are a first step toward establishing auditory-perceptual norms for dysarthria in children of kindergarten and elementary school age. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12133380

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