Effect of Bipolar Radiofrequency Energy on Canine Stifle Joint Fluid Temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 188-193
Author(s):  
Cheryl Waldner ◽  
Suresh Sathya ◽  
Cindy Shmon ◽  
Koji Aoki
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Joint Fluid ◽  
Radiofrequency Energy ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Bipolar Radiofrequency ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Rf Energy ◽  
Canine Stifle

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bipolar radiofrequency (RF) energy on canine stifle joint fluid temperature. Materials and Methods A standard stifle arthroscopy was performed on 15 canine large breed cadaveric stifle joints. A bipolar RF (VAPR III, 2.3-mm side effect electrode; Depuy Mitek, Raynham, Massachusetts, United States) unit was activated in the joint (1) with or without direct tissue contact, (2) with or without additional 18-gauge needle outflow and (3) for 15 and 30 seconds. The joint fluid temperature was monitored with two fibre optic intra-articular sensors. Results The stifle joint fluid temperature was significantly higher when there was no contact between the tissue and RF probe (mean: 58.6°C with 95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.3–64.0°C) compared with when tissue was contacted (mean: 29.0°C with 95% CI: 26.3–31.6°C). An 18-gauge egress needle had minimal effect on reducing joint fluid temperature. The temperature was higher during the 30-second application of RF energy than the 15-second group. Clinical Significance Bipolar RF energy without firm tissue contact rapidly and significantly increased joint fluid temperature beyond the level reported to damage chondrocytes (above 45°C). Caution is required in the use of bipolar RF energy in the canine stifle joint.

scholarly journals Longer Residence in the United States is Associated With More Physical Function Limitations in African Immigrant Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482097760
Author(s):  
Manka Nkimbeng ◽  
Yvonne Commodore-Mensah ◽  
Jacqueline L. Angel ◽  
Karen Bandeen-Roche ◽  
Roland J. Thorpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
African Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Immigrant ◽  
High Discrimination ◽  
The Mean

Acculturation and racial discrimination have been independently associated with physical function limitations in immigrant and United States (U.S.)-born populations. This study examined the relationships among acculturation, racial discrimination, and physical function limitations in N = 165 African immigrant older adults using multiple linear regression. The mean age was 62 years ( SD = 8 years), and 61% were female. Older adults who resided in the United States for 10 years or more had more physical function limitations compared with those who resided here for less than 10 years ( b = −2.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [–5.01, –0.23]). Compared to lower discrimination, those with high discrimination had more physical function limitations ( b = −2.51, 95% CI = [–4.91, –0.17]), but this was no longer significant after controlling for length of residence and acculturation strategy. Residing in the United States for more than 10 years is associated with poorer physical function. Longitudinal studies with large, diverse samples of African immigrants are needed to confirm these associations.

scholarly journals Economic Impact from Unrestricted Spread of Potato Cyst Nematodes in Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1387-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hodda ◽  
D. C. Cook
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Alternative Responses

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) (Globodera spp.) are quarantine pests with serious potential economic consequences. Recent new detections in Australia, Canada, and the United States have focussed attention on the consequences of spread and economic justifications for alternative responses. Here, a full assessment of the economic impact of PCN spread from a small initial incursion is presented. Models linking spread, population growth, and economic impact are combined to estimate costs of spread without restriction in Australia. Because the characteristics of the Australian PCN populations are currently unknown, the known ranges of parameters were used to obtain cost scenarios, an approach which makes the model predictions applicable generally. Our analysis indicates that mean annual costs associated with spread of PCN would increase rapidly initially, associated with increased testing. Costs would then increase more slowly to peak at over AUD$20 million per year ≈10 years into the future. Afterward, this annual cost would decrease slightly due to discounting factors. Mean annual costs over 20 years were $18.7 million, with a 90% confidence interval between AUD$11.9 million and AUD$27.0 million. Thus, cumulative losses to Australian agriculture over 20 years may exceed $370 million without action to prevent spread of PCN and entry to new areas.

Ultrasonographic, computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of the normal canine stifle joint

2007 ◽  
Vol 174 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Soler ◽  
José Murciano ◽  
Rafael Latorre ◽  
Eliseo Belda ◽  
Maria J. Rodrı´guez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Canine Stifle

Injury Rates in Intramural Sports

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McElveen ◽  
Tony North ◽  
Alicia Rossow ◽  
Maggie Cattell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Private College ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Intramural Sports ◽  
Major Injury ◽  
Ultimate Frisbee

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the rate of injury in eight intramural league sports at a small (< 3,000 students) private college in the southeastern United States. The number and types of injuries were tracked during the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 academic years for eight intramural league sports: flag football, softball, floor hockey, volleyball, 3v3 basketball, ultimate frisbee, soccer, and 5v5 basketball. For the two academic years combined, the injury rate was 5.56 (95% confidence interval, or CI, = [4.67, 6.61]) per 100 participants; the major injury rate was 0.37 (95% CI = [0.19, 0.73]) per 100 participants. By assessing the rate of injury for intramural sports, intramural staff can strategically implement action plans to minimize risk and be better prepared to respond to injuries when they occur.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Variations in Mortality Rates for Patients Undergoing Maintenance Dialysis Treated in US Territories Compared with the US 50 States

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guofen Yan ◽  
Jenny I. Shen ◽  
Rubette Harford ◽  
Wei Yu ◽  
Robert Nee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Maintenance Dialysis ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background and objectivesIn the United States mortality rates for patients treated with dialysis differ by racial and/or ethnic (racial/ethnic) group. Mortality outcomes for patients undergoing maintenance dialysis in the United States territories may differ from patients in the United States 50 states.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsThis retrospective cohort study of using US Renal Data System data included 1,547,438 adults with no prior transplantation and first dialysis treatment between April 1, 1995 and September 28, 2012. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of death for the territories versus 50 states for each racial/ethnic group using the whole cohort and covariate-matched samples. Covariates included demographics, year of dialysis initiation, cause of kidney failure, comorbid conditions, dialysis modality, and many others.ResultsOf 22,828 patients treated in the territories (American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands), 321 were white, 666 were black, 20,299 were Hispanic, and 1542 were Asian. Of 1,524,610 patients in the 50 states, 838,736 were white, 444,066 were black, 182,994 were Hispanic, and 58,814 were Asian. The crude mortality rate (deaths per 100 patient-years) was lower for whites in the territories than the 50 states (14 and 29, respectively), similar for blacks (18 and 17, respectively), higher for Hispanics (27 and 16, respectively), and higher for Asians (22 and 15). In matched analyses, greater risks of death remained for Hispanics (HR, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.60 to 1.70; P<0.001) and Asians (HR, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.78 to 2.27; P<0.001) living in the territories versus their matched 50 states counterparts. There were no significant differences in mortality among white or black patients in the territories versus the 50 states.ConclusionsMortality rates for patients undergoing dialysis in the United States territories differ substantially by race/ethnicity compared with the 50 states. After matched analyses for comparable age and risk factors, mortality risk no longer differed for whites or blacks, but remained much greater for territory-dwelling Hispanics and Asians.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Incidence of Guillain-Barré Syndrome During Pregnancy in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya R Myers ◽  
Natalie L McCarthy ◽  
Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos ◽  
Saad B Omer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
The United States ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Safety Assessments ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Guillain Barré

Abstract Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an adverse event of interest after vaccination, yet few data are available for background rates during pregnancy. We confirmed 2 cases of incident GBS and estimated an incidence of 2.8 confirmed GBS cases per million person-years (95% confidence interval, 0.5–9.3), indicating rare occurrence. Our findings will help inform safety assessments of Zika vaccines in pregnant populations.

The surgical significance of the blood supply of the canine stifle joint

1978 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-12) ◽  
pp. 451-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TIRGARI
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Canine Stifle

Magnetic Resonance Imaging T2 Values of Stifle Articular Cartilage in Normal Beagles

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Hayashi ◽  
Brian Caserto ◽  
Mary Norman ◽  
Hollis Potter ◽  
Matthew Koff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
T2 Mapping ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Condylar Cartilage ◽  
Tibial Cartilage ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Canine Stifle

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate regional differences of canine stifle articular cartilage using the quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique of T2 mapping. Methods Fourteen stifle joints from seven juvenile male Beagle dogs with no evidence or prior history of pelvic limb lameness were imaged ex vivo using standard of care fast spin echo MRI and quantitative T2 mapping protocols. Regions of interest were compared between the femoral, patellar and tibial cartilages, as well as between the lateral and medial femorotibial compartments. Limbs were processed for histology with standard stains to confirm normal cartilage. Results The average T2 value of femoral trochlear cartilage (37.5 ± 2.3 ms) was significantly prolonged (p < 0.0001) as compared with the femoral condylar, patellar and tibial condylar cartilages (33.1 ± 1.5 ms, 32.8 ± 2.3 ms, and 28.0 ± 1.7 ms, respectively). When comparing medial and lateral condylar compartments, the lateral femoral condylar cartilage had the longest T2 values (34.8 ± 2.8 ms), as compared with the medial femoral condylar cartilage (30.9 ± 1.9 ms) and lateral tibial cartilage (29.1 ± 2.3 ms), while the medial tibial cartilage had the shortest T2 values (26.7 ± 2.4 ms). Clinical Significance As seen in other species, regional differences in T2 values of the canine stifle joint are identified. Understanding normal regions of anticipated prolongation in different joint compartments is needed when using quantitative imaging in models of canine osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals Confidence Interval Estimation for Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts (QPF) Using Short-Range Ensemble Forecasts (SREF)

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Sun Im ◽  
Keith Brill ◽  
Edwin Danaher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Ensemble Forecasts ◽  
Forecast Lead Time ◽  
Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts

Abstract The Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (HPC) at the NCEP has produced a suite of deterministic quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) for over 40 yr. While the operational forecasts have proven to be useful in their present form, they offer no information concerning the uncertainties of individual forecasts. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology to quantify the uncertainty in manually produced 6-h HPC QPFs (HQPFs) using NCEP short-range ensemble forecasts (SREFs). Results presented herein show the SREFs can predict the uncertainty of HQPFs. The correlation between HQPF absolute error (AE) and ensemble QPF spread (SP) is greater than 0.5 at 90.5% of grid points in the continental United States, exceeding 0.8 at 10% of these, for the 6-h forecast in winter. On the basis of the high correlation, the linear regression equations of AE on SP are derived at each point on a grid covering the United States. In addition, the regression equations for data categorized according to the observed and forecasted precipitation amounts are obtained and evaluated. Using the regression model equation parameters for 15 categorized ranges of HQPF at each horizontal grid point for each season and individual forecast lead time, an AE associated with an individual SP is predicted, as is the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the AE. Based on the AE CI forecast and the HQPF itself, the 95% CI of the HQPF is predicted as well. This study introduces an efficient and advanced method, providing an estimate of the uncertainty in the deterministic HQPF. Verification demonstrates the usefulness of the CI forecasts for a variety of classifications, such as season, CI range, HQPF, and forecast lead time.

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