COAGULATION ABNORMALITIES IN LEAD EXPOSED RATS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar Satija ◽  
Har Bhajan Singh ◽  
Anjana Grover ◽  
Ram Mohan Rai
Keyword(s):  
Modern Technology ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Significant Prolongation ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Industrial Material ◽  
Euglobulin Lysis Time ◽  
Plasma Recalcification Time

The accelerated rate of development of modern technology has greatly expanded the range of health hazards. Lead, a widely used industrial material, is a significant environmental pollutant that contaminates food, water, soil and air. Although much progress has been made in elucidating its adverse effects on various systems of the body like hepatic, CNS, renal etc., its effect on coagulation remains to be established. In view of this an experimental study was carried out in animals to understand how lead influences hemostasis.Male albino rats were exposed to lead either acutely by administering 20 mg lead acetate per kg body weight daily i.p. for 3 days or chronically by administering lead through drinking water containing 5 ppm lead for 150 days. Acute exposure to lead caused severe coagulopathy characterized by significant prolongation of plasma recalcification time, decrease in platelet count and decreased wall adherence of blood, decreased fibrinogen and euglobulin lysis time and significant increase in prothrombin time, thrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time. Similar observations were found in chronically exposed animals. It is concluded that exposure to heavy metals like lead may lead to a state of hypocoagulability.

Changes in Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Rats Fed Atherogenic Diets

1963 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence Merskey ◽  
Herbert Wohl
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Significant Prolongation ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Euglobulin Lysis Time ◽  
Coagulation And Fibrinolysis

Summary1. Groups of rats were fed thrombogenic diets and the effects on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis assessed.2. Animals fed a diet containing cholesterol, thiouracil and cholic acid developed high levels of coagulation factors I, II, V, VII—X, VIII, IX and X.3. Animals fed a similar diet with additional 40% beef fat developed even greater elevation of V, VII—X, VIII and X, similar elevation of factor II, and lesser (but still significant) elevation of factors I and IX. In addition marked elevation of blood platelets occurred.4. Euglobulin lysis time of the group not fed the additional fat was longer than in controls. Significant prolongation of euglobulin lysis time was not found in the group fed additional fat.5. If the increased levels of plasma fibrinogen were taken into account, it was found that a larger amount of fibrin was lysed per unit time in the euglobulin lysis test with plasma from rats fed either atherogenic diet compared with controls.6. Defective thromboplastin generation was present in both groups of rats fed an atherogenic diet. The defect was present in the serum and was not due to lack of a factor required for thromboplastin generation. An inhibitor was present in the serum which was capable of preventing the action of normal serum.7. No good correlation was found between the occurrence of changes in blood coagulation or fibrinolysis and the presence or absence of thrombosis and infarction.8. The exact cause of these anomalies remains unexplained, as does the cause of the thrombosis in these animals. Starvation per se does not account for these abnormal findings. They could not adequately be explained on the basis of “hypercoagulability” of the blood.

MODIFICATION OF COAGULATION AND FIBRINOLYSIS DURING TRANSLUMINAL ANGIOPLASTY IN PATIENTS RECEIVING HEPARIN OR PENTOSAN POLYSULFATE (HEMOCLAR)

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Bel Lakhal ◽  
J M Pernes ◽  
D Lichtenstein ◽  
M Roncato ◽  
J C Gaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Transluminal Angioplasty ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Pentosan Polysulfate ◽  
Heparin Group ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Euglobulin Lysis Time ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
To Receive

Twenty patients with high stenosis of iliac or femoral artery were randomely allocated to receive by intra arterial route (IA) either 5,000 IU heparin or 50 mg Hemoclar immediately before starting the angioplasty. Those receiving Hemoclar were given a second IA 50 mg bolus at the end of the dilatation.Two blood samples were obtained by venous punction 1) after an initial 30 min resting (V1), 2) at the end of the procedure (V2)- Arterial punction by the dilatation catheter was also performed immediately before and after the dilatation leading to two other samples A1 and A2 The coagulation studies include activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), hep test (Hemachem, St-Louis, USA), anti Xa activity (Stachrom heparin, Diagnostica-Stago Asnieres, France). There was a significant increase in APTT, TT, and hep test between A1 and A2 as well as V1 and V2 in both groups of patients. However, the prolongation was significantly higher for heparin. Anti Xa activity significantly increased only in heparin group.Fibrinolysis was studied by measuring tPA by the SOFIA assay described by Angles-Cano (Anal. Biochem. 1985, 153, 201), euglobulin lysis time (ELT) and a new plasma ELISA assay specific for fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) using monoclonal antibody described at the Gaubius Institute (Blood 1985, 66, 503). A significant increase in tPA was observed during the dilatation (A2/A1) and V2/V1) only in the patients receiving Hemoclar. The slight increase of the fibrinolytic activity was further corroborated by a significant increase in FDPs (A2/A1). In both groups, but only in the venous samples (V2/V1), ELT was shortened (p<0.05) and fibrinogen was decreased (p<0.05)No thrombotic complications were observed during the procedure in both groupsConclusion: This study confirms that Hemoclar has an inhibiting effect on coagulation by inhibiting thrombin and thrombin generation, but no anti Xa activity. However, the anticoagulant potency is much reduced when compared to heparin. The profibrinolytic effect seems to be related to the release of free tPA.

Lack of fibrin formation in exercise-induced activation of coagulation

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (4) ◽  
pp. H577-H579 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vogt ◽  
V. Hofmann ◽  
P. W. Straub
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Fibrinopeptide A ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Euglobulin Lysis Time ◽  
Exercise Induced

Strenuous physical exercise leads to a significant shortening of blood clotting in various test systems. Such short times are also characteristic of those observed in sedentary patients with thrombosis or disseminated intravascular coagulation, and of those observed in experimental animals after thrombin infusion. The patients exhibit an increase in circulating fibrinopeptide A, which is attributed to thrombin action on circulating fibrinogen, and to an increase of fibrinogen degradation products, which is thought to indicate reactive fibrinolysis. To check whether physical exercise leads to fibrinemia, 10 healthy male volunteers were subjected to strenuous exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Blood samples were taken immediately before and on completion of the exercise period. Despite a significant shortening of the activated partial thromboplastin time, the thrombin time, and the Reptilase time, no increase of fibrinopeptide A could be demonstrated and the ethanol gelation test remained consistently negative. Simultaneously, the euglobulin lysis time was significantly shortened, whereas the fibrin(ogen) degradation products did not increase. The results indicate that the shortening of the coagulation times associated with physical exercise must be explained by mechanisms other than thrombin-mediated conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

scholarly journals Ethanolic leaf extract of Irvingia gabonensis (o’Rorke) Baill protects against nephrotoxocity and hepatotoxicity in cadmium-induced wistar albino rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efosa Ewere ◽  
Samson Oyebadejo ◽  
Victor Peter
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Irvingia Gabonensis ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Cadmium is a well-known environmental pollutant that has been proven to be nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic in the body. In this study, the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Irvingia gabonensis (O’Rorke) Baill (IG) against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats was investigated. 30 female wistar rats of weights between 98-153g were grouped into 6 groups of 5 animals each. Group 1 served as the control and was placed on rat feed and water. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered 10mg/Kg body weight (mg/kgbw) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) only,10mg/Kgbw CdCl2 and 200mg/kgbw extract, 10mg/Kgbw CdCl2 and 400mg/kgbw extract, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 were given 200mg/kgbw and 400mg/kgbw of IG extract respectively and the treatments lasted for 28 days. Results obtained revealed significant (p<0.05) increases in the serum levels of all renal and liver function biomarkers in group 2 (CdCl2 only) as compared with the control. There were however significant (p<0.05) decreases in the serum levels of the assayed parameters when groups 3 and 4 were respectively compared with group 2. It can therefore be concluded that ethanolic leaf extract of Irvingia gabonensis (O’Rorke) Baill enhances the integrity of the kidneys and liver of cadmium-induced wistar albino rats.

A HEP ARINE-LIKE ANTICOAGULANT IN A PATIENT WITH WEGENER’S GRANULOMATOSIS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Chrobák ◽  
V Rozsíval ◽  
V Herout
Keyword(s):  
Wegener’S Granulomatosis ◽  
Wegener's Granulomatosis ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Protamine Sulphate ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Significant Prolongation ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Coagulation Tests

In a 23-year-old man with Wegener’s granulomatosis and mild bleeding coagulation studies revealed a significant prolongation of the coagulation time (CT) prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), failure of TT and aPTT to correct in a 1:1 mixture with pooled normal plasma (PNP), correction of the prolonged TT with toluidine blue and correction of TT and aPTT both in vitro and in vivo^protamine sulphate (P.S.).All other coagulation tests, i.e.,bleeding time, platelet count? fibrinogen level, euglobulme lysis time were within normal limits. The patient did not receive heparine. TT after administration of 5ml of protamine sulphate i.v. to the patient became normal - 18,2 s (19,7 s).In summary a patient with Wegener s granulomatosis associated with an endogenous heparine-like anticoagulant is reported. The anticoagulant could be corrected both in vitro and in vivo by protamine sulphate.

Coagulation Abnormalities in Dogs with Neoplastic Disease

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (01) ◽  
pp. 035-038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce R Madewell ◽  
Bernard F Feldman ◽  
Sharron O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
Euglobulin Lysis Time

SummaryConventional laboratory methods were used to screen untreated tumor-bearing dogs for hemostatic abnormalities. Excluded from study were dogs with clinical evidence of bleeding. The primary site for neoplastic disease in 100 dogs studied included hemolymphatic system, skin, bone, thyroid gland, oropharynx, mammary gland, and nasal cavity.Eighty-three percent of the dogs had one or more abnormal coagulation tests. Thrombocytopenia occurred in 36 dogs and 3 had thrombocytosis. Twenty-five dogs had hypofibrinogenemia, and 25 had hyperfibrinogenemia. There were 32 dogs with prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time, 10 dogs with shortened prothrombin time, and 6 dogs with prolongation of the thrombin time. Sixteen dogs had positive protamine sulfate (paracoagulation) reaction, and 8% had increased plasma fibrin degradation products. The euglobulin lysis time was accelerated in 24% of the dogs, and 15% had schistocytes on blood film.These data indicate that the majority of dogs with advanced neoplasms are likely to have abnormal coagulation tests.

Abnormal Fibrin Monomer Polymerization In Patients With Lupus Erythematosus Systemicus (LES)

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Nicastro ◽  
M M Molina ◽  
M A Acciaresi ◽  
M Castro Rios ◽  
D Riveros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Euglobulin Lysis Time ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Precipitable Protein

Fibrin monomer polymerization was studied in 10 out of 44 patients with LES, selected for their prolonged thrombin time (patients 24.6 ± 1.9 sec; normal controls 15.0 ± 0.5 sec). One of these patients had also a lupus-like blood clotting inhibitor. The level of fibrinogen measured as thrombin clottable protein was 407.5 ± 62.7 mg/dl, and as heat precipitable protein 325.8 ± 49.3 mg/dl. Fibrin monomer polymerization with thrombin assayed as the increment in O.D., showed in 5 patients a delay of two minutes compared to the normal controls. Under the same condition the O.D. did not show any change in 2 other patients. Purified IgG obtained from plasma of these patients had an inhibitory effect on the polymerization of human and bovine fibrinogen. IgG from normal plasma had no effect in this system. The fibrinogen of these patients had more anodic mobility than normal fibrinogen when studied by two-dimentional immunelectrophoresis. Factor XIII activity, euglobulin lysis time, and serum FDP gave results within normal range. We conclude that the prolonged thrombin time observed in some patients with LES seems to be the consequence of an abnormal fibrinogen function related to an interference by their own IgG.

Plasma Fibrinolytic Activity Following Oral Anabolic Steroid Therapy

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 236-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D Walker ◽  
J. F Davidson ◽  
P Young ◽  
J. A Conkie
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Euglobulin Lysis Time

SummarySix anabolic steroids were assessed for their ability to enhance plasma fibrinolytic activity in males with ischaemic heart disease. Five 17α-alkylated steroids (Ethyloestrenol, Norethandrolone, Methandienone, Methylandrostenediol and Oxymetholone) were examined and all produced a significant increase in plasma plasminogen activator as measured by the euglobulin lysis time. The only non-17α-alkylated steroid studied (Methenolone acetate) failed to enhance fibrinolysis. The 17α-alkylated steroids studied all deserve more detailed evaluation of their long term effects on plasma fibrinolytic activity.

Sequential Treatment of Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis with Porcine Plasmin and Low Dose Streptokinase

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (02) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
G A Marbet ◽  
R Eichlisberger ◽  
F Duckert ◽  
M A de Silva ◽  
L Biland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Sequential Treatment ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Complete Dissolution ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Euglobulin Lysis Time ◽  
Thrombolytic Effect

SummarySequential treatment of deep leg vein thrombosis with porcine plasmin and low dose streptokinase (10,000-20,000 U/h) produces strong systemic fibrinolysis as demonstrated by the sustained decrease of euglobulin lysis time, of thromboplastin time values in percent, fibrinogen and factor V levels. There is a statistically significant negative correlation between thrombolytic results and euglobulin lysis time. Treatment periods below 3 days are unlikely to give satisfactory results. Occluded vein segments with an apparent median age of 4 days including thrombi older than 10 days (20% of cases) are cleared with an average chance of 50%. Complete dissolution of all thrombi proximal to the crural veins has been demonstrated in 47/114 = 41.2%, some thrombolytic effect in 31/114 = 27.2% and treatment failure in 36/114 = 31.6%. The data favour laboratory monitoring of thrombolytic therapy.

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