Experimental Thrombocytopenia Induced by Busulphan (Myleran) in Rabbits: Extremely Low Platelet Levels and Intact Plasma Clotting System

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 570-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A Evensen ◽  
M Jeremic ◽  
P. F Hjort
Keyword(s):  
Alkylating Agent ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Injection Level ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Clotting System ◽  
Plasma Coagulation

SummaryThe effects of 2 intraperitoneal injections of the alkylating agent Busulphan (each of 25 mg/kg body weight, 3 days between injections) on the circulating elements of the blood and on the plasma coagulation system in rabbits have been investigated.Platelets fell progressively after a lag-phase of 7 days, reached a mean minimum level of about 3 % of the pre-injection level in 14 days, and then returned slowly towards normal values. Bleeding was an occasional complication and a rare cause of death. Granulocytopenia developed synchronously with the fall in platelets. The plasma clotting factors remained intact.We conclude that this is a useful experimental model for studies on the role of platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis.

scholarly journals Progress in research on the role of fibrinogen in lung cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 326-330
Author(s):  
Xing Liu ◽  
Bin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Plasma Coagulation ◽  
Hepatic Cells ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis ◽  
Cancer Côlon ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multiple Interactions

AbstractLung cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Local recurrence and distant metastasis remain the major causes of treatment failure. It has been recognized that the process of tumor growth and metastasis involves multiple interactions between tumor and host. Various biomarkers have been used for predicting tumor recurrence, metastasis, and prognosis in patients with lung cancer. However, these biomarkers are still controversial and require further validation. The relationship between malignancy and coagulation system disorders has been explored for more than a century. Fibrinogen is the most abundant plasma coagulation factor synthesized mainly by hepatic cells. Increased plasma fibrinogen levels were observed in various carcinomas such as gastric cancer, colon cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Recent studies have also investigated the role of fibrinogen in patients with lung cancer. This review aimed to address the role of fibrinogen in lung cancer.

scholarly journals Blood coagulation in the 21st century: existing knowledge, current strategies for treatment and perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-157
Author(s):  
N. A. Podoplelova ◽  
V. B. Sulimov ◽  
I. S. Ilin ◽  
A. S. Tashilova ◽  
M. A. Panteleev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Blood Coagulation Factors ◽  
Clotting System ◽  
Normal Hemostasis

Disorders in the blood coagulation system are the leading cause of death and disability in the modern world. So the search for new drugs that can prevent pathological thrombosis, while not affecting normal hemostasis, becomes more relevant than ever. Recent studies has been a revolution in the understanding of the principles of work and the regulation of blood coagulation. In addition, new, more effective approaches to drug development have now appeared. For example computer simulation methods that can significantly reduce the time and resources spent on the search for new candidate molecules. In the review, the blood clotting system, the molekular mechanisms of thrombosis, the role of blood coagulation factors Xa and XIa, and the urgency of developing new inhibitors of these targets are shown, and the most interesting inhibitors of factors Xa and XIa are presented.

scholarly journals The main pathogenetic mechanisms of hypercoagulation in diabetes and the possibility of its drug correction

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Kryukov ◽  
Alexey N. Kuchmin ◽  
Elena P. Umanskaya ◽  
Mikhail B. Nagorny ◽  
Andrey A. Shevelev
Keyword(s):  
Coagulation System ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hypolipidemic Effect ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Clotting System ◽  
Kinin System ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Lowering Drug ◽  
High Level

Disorders in the blood coagulation system play an important role in the development of cardiovascular pathology in diabetes. Factors that cause them are hyperglycemia, insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress. The most significant changes are observed in the vascular-platelet link of hemostasis. Diabetes is characterized by morphological and functional changes in the endothelium of blood vessels. The activity of platelets increases, which is manifested by their high level of spontaneous aggregation and increased sensitivity to the action of activating factors. The role in the disturbance of hemostasis is played by increasing the activity of the von Willebrand factor, reflecting damage to endothelial cells. Diabetes is characterized by an increase in the activity of plasma clotting factors (I, II, III, VII, VIII, IX, XI, XII and XIII), activation of the callicrein-kinin system. In some cases, this correlates with the development of complications of diabetes. Characteristic disorders in the coagulation inhibition system are a decrease in the activity of antithrombin III, reduced formation of thrombin-antithrombin complexes, reduction of thrombomodulin and protein C. In diabetes, there is a decrease in fibrinolysis, due to a decrease in the expression of tissue activator plasminogen and an increase in the level of the inhibitor of the activator plasminogen. The possibilities of drug correction of hypercoagulation factors in diabetes are to achieve glycemic control with sugar-reducing drugs and elimination of dyslipidemia through hypolipidemic therapy. The most well-studied sugar-lowering drug that improves the state of the blood clotting system is metformin. The system of hemostasis in diabetic patients is positively affected by statins both due to the direct hypolipidemic effect, and by improving endothelial function and increasing fibrinolysis.

Haemostatic Changes; Plasma Levels of Alpha2-Antiplasmin-Plasmin Complex and Thrombin-Antithrombin III Complex in Female Breast Cancer

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özgür Özyılkan ◽  
Eşmen Baltalı ◽  
Oktay Özdemir ◽  
Gülten Tekuzman ◽  
Şerafettin Kirazlı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Female Breast Cancer ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Clotting System ◽  
Thrombin Antithrombin Iii Complex ◽  
Blood Clotting Factors

Aims and background Disorders of hemostasis in patients with malignancies are based on several mechanisms, such as ability of the tumor to alter the coagulation system by producing blood clotting factors or decreasing their inhibitors by increasing fibrinolysis, and by inducing an alteration of blood vessels in relation to the state of local invasion. We investigated the fibrinolytic system marker alpha2-antiplasmin-plasmin complex (APP) and clotting system marker thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) in patients with breast cancer and compare them with CA 15-3, the most well-known breast cancer antigen. Methods Plasma levels of APP and TAT and serum level of CA 15-3 were determined in 57 patients with breast cancer (28 in remission and 29 with active breast cancer) and 13 healthy women. Results In patients with active breast cancer, plasma APP levels were significantly elevated compared to those of other groups (P<0.05). In addition, we observed a poor but positive correlation between plasma levels of APP and those of CA 15-3 (r=0.24; P=0.038). Plasma TAT levels, which reflect the activation of thrombin, were also significantly elevated in patients with active breast cancer (P<0.01), and there was a significant correlation between CA 15-3 and TAT (r=0.24; P=0.041). Conclusions We demonstrated that increased APP and TAT levels might reflect enhanced activation of coagulation and the fibrinolytic system in patients with active breast cancer.

A Re-Appraisal of the Role of Blood Coagulation and Platelets in the Generalized Shwartzman Phenomenon

1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 519-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Levin ◽  
E Beck
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Renal Glomeruli ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Shwartzman Phenomenon ◽  
Do So

SummaryThe role of intravascular coagulation in the production of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon has been evaluated. The administration of endotoxin to animals prepared with Thorotrast results in activation of the coagulation mechanism with the resultant deposition of fibrinoid material in the renal glomeruli. Anticoagulation prevents alterations in the state of the coagulation system and inhibits development of the renal lesions. Platelets are not primarily involved. Platelet antiserum produces similar lesions in animals prepared with Thorotrast, but appears to do so in a manner which does not significantly involve intravascular coagulation.The production of adrenal cortical hemorrhage, comparable to that seen in the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, following the administration of endotoxin to animals that had previously received ACTH does not require intravascular coagulation and may not be a manifestation of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon.

Cold Promoted Activation of Factor VII

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Gjønnæs
Keyword(s):  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Oral Contraception ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Plasma Coagulation ◽  
Main Effect

SummaryThe cold promoted shortening of the thrombotest-times occuring in the plasmas of the majority of women on oral contraception or in the last trimester of pregnancy when incubated overnight at 0°–4° was investigated.The short thrombotest-times were caused by activation of factor VII in a time consuming reaction. Activation was also revealed in the intrinsic coagulation system, but the changes in the activities of coagulation factors other than factor VII were small.Comparison was made between clot promoting effects of cooling and contact, and it was concluded that while contact apparently exerted its main effect in the intrinsic system, cooling predominately activated the extrinsic plasma coagulation system.The cold promoted activation of factor VII seemed to be brought about by an activator.

The Formation of Intermediate Product I in a Purified System The Role of Factor IX or of its Precursor and of a Hageman Factor-PTA Fraction

1961 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 224-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T Yin ◽  
F Duckert
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Product ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Haemophilia B ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One

Summary1. The role of two clot promoting fractions isolated from either plasma or serum is studied in a purified system for the generation of intermediate product I in which the serum is replaced by factor X and the investigated fractions.2. Optimal generation of intermediate product I is possible in the purified system utilizing fractions devoid of factor IX one-stage activity. Prothrombin and thrombin are not necessary in this system.3. The fraction containing factor IX or its precursor, no measurable activity by the one-stage assay method, controls the yield of intermediate product I. No similar fraction can be isolated from haemophilia B plasma or serum.4. The Hageman factor — PTA fraction shortens the lag phase of intermediate product I formation and has no influence on the yield. This fraction can also be prepared from haemophilia B plasma or serum.

Coagulation Disorders in Thrombocythaemia, a Study of Seven Cases

1962 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 114-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Niewiarowski ◽  
Halina Zywicka ◽  
Zbigniew Latałło
Keyword(s):  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Platelet Factor 4 ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Antiheparin Activity ◽  
Thromboplastic Activity ◽  
Bleeding Episodes ◽  
Routine Coagulation

SummaryThe blood coagulation system has been studied in 7 patients with thrombocythaemia. 4 of these patients had thrombocythaemia after splenectomy, 2 of them had thrombocythaemia associated with myeloid leukemia, and 1 thrombocythaemia associated with polycythaemia. Severe bleeding episodes were noted in 5 cases, 2 patients had only mild bleeding symptoms.Each patient was examined several times. The period of observations varied from 2 months to 3 years. Platelet count varied from 350 000 to 3 800 000 per mm3.Bleeding time and tourniquet test were normal in all cases. Routine coagulation and fibrinolysis studies did not reveale characteristic abnormalities in plasma clotting factors. A decrease of prothrombin complex components was observed in 4 cases. This disturbance was due to the coexisting injury of liver parenchyma or myeloid changes but not to an increase of platelets or to the abnormalities in the platelet system.An increase of antiheparin activity was found in the plasma of 4 patients. This activity is probably due to the escape of platelet factor 4 from destroyed or qualitatively changed platelets into plasma.Platelet clotting factors were investigated in isolated platelet suspensions, A significant decrease of platelet factor 1 was observed in all patients and a decrease of platelet factor 4 in 5 patients. In 2 cases platelet factor 4 increased. Platelet thromboplastic activity showed a great variety of disturbances in conformity with other workers observations.Recent views on the pathogenesis of bleedings in thrombocythaemia are discussed. On the basis of their own investigations the authors suggest that the significant disturbances of platelet function may contribute to the development of bleeding, and that the increase of antiheparin activity in plasma may produce hypercoagulability and favorize the formation of thrombi.

Studies on the Pathogenesis of the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 471-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Rodríguez-Erdmann
Keyword(s):  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Clotting System ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Trigger Mechanism ◽  
Haemorrhagic Diathesis ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction ◽  
Ca Ions

SummaryThe rôle of the clotting system in the pathogenesis of the generalized Shwartzman reaction (gSr) has been stressed in recent years. The clotting system is activated ubiquitously and as a result of it, fibrin is deposited intravascularly and a haemorrhagic diathesis develops. Evidence is presented herein, that endotoxin does not activate purified prothrombin, nor does endotoxin influence the convertion of prothrombin when it is activated in the presence of purified platelet-factor 3 (or caephalin) purified Ac-G (factor V) and Ca-ions.The trigger mechanism of the gSr also seems to be in the so-called prephase of clotting mechanism. Data are presented, which show that endotoxin activates the Hageman factor in vitro. The importance of this clotting factor and of platelet-factor 3 is discussed. Also the rôle played by the RES and cardiodynamic and vascular components are taken in consideration in the discussion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document