THROMBOSE-FIBROUS COMPLICATIONS OF SYSTEMIC ENDOTHELIUM DAMAGE AT COVID-19

The analysis of literature data and our own research of lungs tissues of the persons who died owing to COVID-19 caused fibrosis testify to participation in this pathology of a cascade of disturbances of molecular and cellular levels. Viral damage to endothelial cells causes systemic damage to the vascular glycocalyx, which loses its clotting properties and releases significant amounts of blood clotting factors. The fibrin clot formed under such conditions is characterized by resistance to fibrinolysis and locally blocks blood vessels with the systemic development of endogenous intoxication. Destabilized proteins of the latter form micro- and nano-sized aggregates with a significant content of β-folded structures. This contributes to the increase of fibrin resistance to the proteolytic action of plasmin, causes the development of fibrosis of the tissues affected in this way, and leads to the failure of the functions of the relevant organs.

The Potential Use of EDTA as an Alternative to Defibrination in Preparing Blood Agar Plates with Human AB Blood Type on Staphylococcus aureus Culture

Blood Agar Plates (BAP) are composed of blood as one of the compositions. Sheep’s blood is usually used, but since it is difficult to be obtained, human AB blood type was used as an alternative. In preparing BAP, blood is defibrinated to lyse the blood clotting factors. Blood clots can also be prevented by adding anticoagulants, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). This study aims to investigate the potential use of EDTA as a substitute for defibrination in preparing BAP with human AB blood type. This study employed a completely randomized design with true experimental method using Staphylococcus aureus as the sample. The parameters were the number of colonies, types of hemolysis, and hemolysis zone. The results showed that the S. aureus grown on BAP with EDTA-human AB blood type was 64 colonies (mean), produced β-hemolytic pattern, and 6 mm hemolytic zone. In contrast, the S. aureus grown on BAP with defibrinated human AB blood type showed 82 colonies (mean), β-hemolytic pattern, and 5 mm hemolytic zone. There were significant differences in the number of colonies (0.000 < α) and hemolytic zones (0.02 < α). However, there was no difference in the hemolysis type (both treatments produced β-hemolysis). EDTA was possible to be used as a substitute for defibrination in preparing BAP to assess the hemolysis type of S. aureus, but it might not be able to be used as a benchmark for counting the number of colonies and determining the hemolysis zone of S. aureus.

Birth defects of blood clotting factors and obstetric complications

The data about clinical signs, laboratory features and obstetrical complications in women with inherited blood coagulation defects are presented in the survey article. Multidisciplinary approach, including hematologist, obstetrician, laboratory technician, anesthesiologist, neonatologist and midwife, is needed in treatment and patient management. The delivery had to be planned in specialized institutions with clinical experience of managing women with birth defects of blood-coagulation factors.

Adenovirus—Extracellular Protein Interactions and Their Impact on Innate Immune Responses by Human Mononuclear Phagocytes

The aim of this review is to highlight how, in a syngeneic system, human mononuclear phagocytes respond to environments containing human adenovirus (HAdV) and soluble extracellular proteins that influence their innate immune response. Soluble extracellular proteins, including immunoglobulins, blood clotting factors, proteins of the complement system, and/or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can exert direct effects by binding to a virus capsid that modifies interactions with pattern recognition receptors and downstream signaling. In addition, the presence, generation, or secretion of extracellular proteins can indirectly influence the response to HAdVs via the activation and recruitment of cells at the site of infection.

Postępowanie okołoporodowe u noworodka matki nosicielki hemofilii

The purpose of this work is to discuss the initial neonatal care for a newborn in whom haemophilia can be suspected before birth. Hemophilia is the most common congenital hemorrhagic diathesis. Some children inherit this disease from their mother, so it is important to determine the genetic status of the mother before giving birth. For this purpose are used the analysis of the family pedigree of the mother's family and prenatal examinations, if the disease occurred in the family. In the case of this disease, it is debatable to use invasive methods of prenatal testing. People with hemophilia in Poland are covered by the National Program for the Treatment of Haemophilia patients and other hemorrhagic blemishes. They receive recombinant blood clotting factors. Thanks to such substitution treatment, the survival and comfort of life of people with haemophilia has significantly improved. Female carriers are more likely to opt for offspring. However, the determining factor for a better prognosis is the detection of the disease in the child as soon as possible. Thanks to this, serious consequences of hemophilia can be avoided. Currently, there are no consistent standards for the care of such a newborn in the Polish maternity and neonatal wards. This work mainly uses UK recommendations.

“Role of different ayurvedic drugs on liver dysfunction.”

Ayurveda, the ancient science of life is one of the oldest forms of health care in the world. It is the holistic science that places great emphasis on prevention and aims at bringing about and maintaining harmony of body mind and consciousness. A well known quotation states “Is life worth living? It depends on the liver!”Liver often called the engine of the body, plays an important role in digesting, metabolising and manufacturing essential compounds. The job of the liver is to identify toxins in the blood. Liver secreats bile which breakdown and digest fatty acid, Produces blood clotting factors, stores suger in glycogen form, also stores iron, Vit.A, D, B12 etc. In this way liver has a pivotal role in human metabolism. Because of the significant role the liver plays in maintaining our health, we must do all we can to keep it function well. Ayurvedic medicines play a significant role in protecting the liver from different pathologies. Clinical studies done on certain hepato-protective drugs like Tinospora cordifolia, Phyllanthus niruri, Eclipta alba, Picrorrhiza kurroo etc. have shown their ability to reverse liver pathology.Ayurvedic drugs detoxify and purifiy the body ,cleaning its channel from the gross level.The contemporary modern medicine though pacify the ailments but they are found incompetent in removing the toxins at a micro level.So also the dreadful side effects of these drugs are a more nuisance than their effects. Therefore,it is only righteous to use the Ayurvedic medicines for Liver disorders.

Expert System For Diagnosing Hemophilia In Children Using Case Based Reasoning

Many people who have children do not know about hemophilia, because this disease is one of the rare diseases. Hemophilia is a genetic disorder in the blood caused by a lack of blood clotting factors. Therefore there is a need for information for the public to be able to find out about this disease, so that when there is an unnatural bleeding, early treatment can be done properly.Therefore an expert system was designed to diagnose early hemophilia in children.The method used in this expert system is the Case Based Reasoning method. The Case Based Reasoning method is a method used to solve a new case by adapting the symptoms found in previous cases that are similar to the new case.This expert system can provide solutions / early prevention of the diagnostic process carried out. Expert system applications are designed based on websites using the PHP programming language.

Graded approach for the correction of hemostatic disorders at massive obstetric hemorrhages by blood components considering hemostasis quality of blood donors

Цель исследования: улучшение результатов лечения родильниц с массивной кровопотерей за счет индивидуального подбора гемопрепаратов с учетом параметров гемостаза донора и характера коагулопатий у родильниц. Материалы и методы. Исследование включало 2 этапа. На первом этапе изучали параметры гемостаза различных категорий доноров в зависимости от возраста и других факторов. У 200 доноров (100 мужчин и 100 женщин) в возрасте от 18 до 65 лет определяли количество эритроцитов, содержание гемоглобина, время свертывания крови (ВСК) по Ли-Уайту, активированное частичное тромбопластиновое время (АЧТВ), агрегацию тромбоцитов, содержание фибриногена, антитромбина III (АТ-III) и общего белка сыворотки. На втором этапе обследовали 67 родильниц с массивной кровопотерей. Основную группу (ОГ) составили 37 (55,2%) родильниц, которым препараты для трансфузии подбирали в зависимости от характера изменений параметров гемостаза: проводили индивидуальный подбор трансфузионной терапии с учетом показателей гемостаза донора. Контрольную группу (КГ) составили 30 (44,8%) родильниц, которым плазмотрансфузию проводили без учета параметров гемостаза донорской плазмы. У пациенток исследовали количество эритроцитов, содержание гемоглобина, ВСК по Ли-Уайту, АЧТВ, протромбиновое время, международное нормализованное отношение, агрегацию тромбоцитов, концентрацию фибриногена и АТ-III. Результаты. Из крови доноров были получены 3 варианта свежезамороженной плазмы (СЗП): СЗП с нормальным содержанием факторов свертывания крови; СЗП с повышенным содержанием факторов свертывания крови; СЗП с нормальным содержанием факторов свертывания крови и повышенным содержанием факторов противосвертывающей системы. При индивидуальном подборе трансфузионных сред потребность в СЗП у родильниц в ОГ была меньше, чем у родильниц в КГ вне зависимости от причин массивной кровопотери (р < 0,05). Заключение. Предлагаемый способ избирательного подбора донорской плазмы в зависимости от характера нарушений гемостаза у реципиента при возмещении кровопотери в акушерстве дает возможность уменьшить объем переливаемой СЗП; быстрее, чем при традиционной методике нормализуются целевые параметры гемостаза у родильниц; сокращается время проведения инфузионно-трансфузионной терапии; снижается число осложнений; улучшаются результаты лечения родильниц с острой кровопотерей. Aim: to improve the treatment of puerperants with massive blood loss by individual selection of blood products according to parameters of donor’s hemostasis and coagulopathy character in puerperants. Materials and methods. The study included 2 stages. At the fi rst stage, hemostatic parameters in various categories of donors were studied depending on age and other factors. The number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin content, Lee-White blood clotting time (BCT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), platelet aggregation, fi brinogen content, antithrombin III (AT-III) and total serum protein were determined in 200 donors (100 men and 100 women) aged from 18 to 65 years. At the second received individual transfusion therapy that takes into account hemostatic parameters of puerperant and donor. The control group (CG) consisted of 30 (44.8%) puerperants; they received standard transfusion therapy without individual selection of donated plasma. Erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin content, Lee-White BCT, APTT, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, platelet aggregation, fi brinogen concentration and AT-III were studied in patients. Results. Three types of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) were obtained from donated blood: FFP with normal content of blood clotting factors; FFP with high content of blood clotting factors; FFP with normal content of blood clotting factors and high content of anticoagulative factors. Irrespectively of the causes of massive blood loss, the necessity in FFP for puerperants from MG (with individual selection of transfusion media) was less than for puerperants from CG (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The proposed method of donated plasma selection for blood loss compensation according the character of hemostatic disorders in obstetric patient makes it possible to reduce the volume of transfused FFP; target hemostatic parameters in puerperants normalized faster than with the traditional method; time of infusion-transfusion therapy reduced; the number of complications decreases; treatment results of puerperants with acute blood loss improved.