Alteration In Platelet Factor 3 Activity In Plasma In Association With Cigarette Smoking

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
F C Chao ◽  
D M Kenney ◽  
J L Tullis ◽  
C A Alper ◽  
J E Silbert
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Properdin Factor B ◽  
Age Range

Changes in blood coagulation and platelet functions in vivo in healthy smoking and non-smoking individuals of different age groups were studied. Blood samples were obtained on four different occasions (6 months apart during 1978-1980) from each of the 21 smokers and 42 non-smokers (age range 35-79), and analyzed. Statistically significant changes (p < 0.03) associated with cigarette smoking are: 1) increases in platelet count and fibrinogen in plasma; 2) elevation in a platelet procoagulant, platelet factor-3 (PF-3) activity in platelet-poor plasma (PPP); 3) increases in serum levels of α1-antitrypsin, orosomucoid, haptoglobin and properdin factor B; and 4) shortening of the lag period of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Filtration through Millipore filters removed membrane vesicles which are enriched with PF-3 activity from the PPP. The difference in PF-3 activity in filtered plasma between the smoking and non-smoking groups were no longer statistically significant. The results are consistent with the interpretation that enhanced PF-3 activity in plasma occurs in association with cigarette smoking and results from the liberation into plasma of platelet membranes enriched in PF-3 activity.

Alteration in Plasma Proteins and Platelet Functions with Aging and Cigarette Smoking in Healthy Men

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
F C Chao ◽  
J L Tullis ◽  
C A Alper ◽  
R J Glynn ◽  
J E Silbert
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Properdin Factor B ◽  
Platelet Functions

SummaryBlood samples were obtained on four different occasions from 18 cigarette smoking and 34 non-smoking healthy men (age 4Hl9) and analped to assess age- and smoking-associated changes in plasma proteins, btood coagulation and platelet functions. C-ollagen-induced platele t aggregation was signifi cantly inclreased with agng in non-smokers. Significant gfuanges in chronic smokers were increases in platelet count and fibrinogen in plasma; elevation of platelet factor-3 (PF-3) activity in plateletpoor plasma (PPP); increase in serum levels of a1-antitr,?sin, orosomucoid, haptoglobin and properdin factor B; and sfoeftsning of the lag period of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Filtration of PPP through Mllipore fiIters removed PF-3 membranes. The differen@s in PF-3 activities in fiItered plasma were no longer significant between smokers and non-smokers. Results suggest that chronic smokers have higher levels of acute phase proteins reflecting underlyrng inflammatory processes, and higher levels of PF-3 activity in plasma due to liberation of PF-3 membranes from platelets.

scholarly journals Shortened platelet half-life in multiple myeloma

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 514-520
Author(s):  
E Fritz ◽  
H Ludwig ◽  
W Scheithauer ◽  
H Sinzinger
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Healthy Control

Various defects in platelet function have been reported as being associated with multiple myeloma. In 30 myeloma patients and 15 healthy controls, we investigated platelet survival using in vitro labeling of autologous platelets with 111indium-oxine and measuring the in vivo kinetics of the radioisotope. Significantly shortened platelet half- life in patients averaged 73 hours, while platelet half-life in the healthy controls averaged 107 hours. In myeloma patients, serum levels of thromboxane B2, beta-thromboglobulin, and platelet factor 4 were significantly elevated; aggregation indices were within the pathological range; platelet counts and spleen-liver indices, however, were comparable to those of the healthy control group. No statistical correlation was found between platelet half-life and paraprotein concentrations. Our findings suggest an initial--so far unexplained-- intravascular process of platelet activation and consumption that finally manifests in shortened platelet half-life. It seems that overt thrombocytopenia develops only when the compensatory capacity of the bone marrow finally becomes exhausted. Further studies should be able to elucidate the pathophysiologic processes involved.

Longitudinal force and stress of rat's esophagus: age-related changes.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (6) ◽  
pp. E580
Author(s):  
M P Zabinski ◽  
P Biancani
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Longitudinal Force ◽  
Active Stress ◽  
Length Relationship ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Difference

Longitudinal force-length relationship of the rat esophagus was studied in vitro in three age groups: 1 mo, 3 mo, and 12 mo. The length of maximum force development (MFD) occurs at 1.4-1.5 times the in vivo length for all age groups. The active force developed at MFD increases markedly with age. The difference in the active forces in the 3-mo and 12-mo age groups is due to differences in cross section because the active stress of the esophagus in the longitudinal direction is approximately equal for the two age groups. The active stress in the 1-mo-old rats is lower than in the 3-mo-old rats, suggesting an increased contractility of the esophagus with age in this period of development.

scholarly journals Tooth extraction: Pattern and etiology from extreme Northwestern Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrazaq Olanrewaju Taiwo ◽  
Adebayo Aremu Ibikunle ◽  
Ramat Oyebunmi Braimah ◽  
Omotayo Amidu Sulaiman ◽  
Olalekan Micah Gbotolorun
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Extraction Pattern ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Objective: Tooth extraction is a commonly performed procedure in dental clinics. It has been shown that the reasons for and pattern of tooth extraction vary across geographical regions. Few reports on the pattern of extraction among a semi-urban populace exist. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study on the pattern and reasons for tooth mortality from Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria, which is a semi-urban region. Materials and Methods: A review of the records of patients that had tooth extraction at our center between January 2009 and January 2016, was done. Data such as the age, gender, type of tooth extracted, and reasons for extraction were retrieved and analyzed. Cross tabulations for age and gender were also made. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 1167 extractions were performed in 984 patients. An age range of 18–107 years with a mean (±standard deviation) of 34.8 (13.3) was observed. Most of the patients were in the 21–30 years age group accounting for 35.7% of cases. Dental caries and its sequelae (DCS) (631, 54.1%) were the most common reasons for extraction, followed by periodontal disease (192, 16.5%). The difference in proportions of reasons for tooth extraction between the gender was statistically significant (P = 0.02; df = 24). The difference in the reasons for extraction among the age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001; df = 132). Conclusion: DCS along with periodontal disease were the major reasons for extractions. These are largely preventable causes of tooth extraction; therefore, there is a need for commencement of far-reaching preventative actions.

Sialic acid in sickle cell disease.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1443-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
G I Ekeke ◽  
G O Ibeh
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Sialic Acid Content ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Neuraminic (sialic) acid concentrations in serum from normal and sickle cell (HbSS) subjects were determined for discrete age groups from childhood through adolescence. Values in sickle cell disease were consistently lower over the entire age range. We further investigated the effect of exogenous sialic acid on the rate of sickling reversion of HbSS erythrocytes and demonstrated that this compound in millimole per liter concentrations could revert pre-sickled erythrocytes to their normal morphology in a concentration-dependent manner. When subjected to partial de-sialation with sialidase (EC 3.2.1.18), the HbSS erythrocytes not only sickled faster upon deoxygenation, they also reverted more slowly on treatment with phenylalanine (a more efficient anti-sickling agent than sialic acid) than did untreated cells. We conclude that, in sickle cell disease, erythrocyte sialic acid content could play a significant role, not only in the control of the sickling rate in vivo, but also, after sickling has occurred, in the rate of recovery from a sickling crisis.

Stypven Time Measurement of Plasma After Filtration: Effects of Cigarette Smoking

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.C. Chao ◽  
J.L. Tullis ◽  
C.A. Alper ◽  
J. E. Silbert
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Differential Centrifugation ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Affect Factor ◽  
Millipore Filters

Normal plasma contains nonsedlmentable platelet factor-3 (NS-PF3) activity, thought to be caused by circulating platelet membrane fragments. Stypven time (ST), an assay for PF-3 activity, of plasma prepared by differential centrifugation and by filtration through 0.22 μ Millipore filters were Investigated. The average ST for platelet-rich plasma (PRP), low-spin platelet-poor plasma (LSPPP), medium-spin PPP (MSPPP), high-spin PPP (HSPPP) and filtered PPP (FPPP) was 28.0, 40.4, 43.4, 61.7 and 65.5 sec, respectively (27 determinations). Filtration of plasma did not affect factor V and X activities. Material eluted from filters after filtration of plasma consisted of membrane vesicles with high PF-3 activity. ST were then measured in plasma preparations obtained from smoking (S) (>15 cigarettes/day) and nonsmoking (NS) healthy male individuals, ages (A) between 45-64. Data obtained were grouped according to age and smoking habits (Gr. I, 9 S, A 45-64; Gr. II, 14 NS, A 45-54; Gr. III, 7 S, A 55-64; Gr. IV, 14 S, A 55-64) and subjected to two-way analysis variance employing the BMDP2V program. Significant shortening of ST was noted in LSPPP (p<0.02) and MSPPP (p<0.02) in smoking groups which, however, showed no significant differences in PRP (p>0.8), HSPPP (p>0.06) and FPPP (p>0.4). Results suggest smoking individuals exhibit significantly higher NS-PF3 activity in plasma.

The Variability of β Thromboglobulin and Platelet Factor 4 in Healthy Subjects

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zahavi ◽  
N.A.G. Jones ◽  
M. Dubiel ◽  
J. Leyton ◽  
V.V. Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Platelet Factor 4 ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Platelet Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range

Plasma β TC was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA)in 202 healthy subjects (age range 12-103); 111 young (mean age 25.2) 34 middle aged (MA) (mean age 55.6) and 57 old (mean age 82.2). Their mean ±1SE plasma β TG levels in ng/ml were 28.3 ± 1.5 (range 3-74), 31.9-2-70 (range 7-65) and 49.99 ± 2.9 (range 14-95) respectively. Plasma βTG level was significantly raised in the old subjects compared to young or MA (p ⩽ 0.0005). Furthermore the ratio of plasma β TG to platelet concentration in whole blood (PC) was higher in the MA subjects compared to the young (p ⩽ 0.009). Plasma platelet factor 4 (PF4) was measured by RIA in 4l healthy subjects, 11 young and 30 old and correlated to plasma βTG. A significant correlation between the 2 proteins was found in the 2 groups (r = 0.8337 in the young and r = 0.0602 in the old subjects), indicating that both proteins are released in-vivo from the same pool and presumably at the same rate. The mean plasma PF4 level in ng/ml was 14.6 (range 6-48) in the young and 18.2 (range 7.7-50) in the old and the ratio of the plasma PF4 to PC was higher in the old subjects (p ⩽ 0.04), These results suggest that in-vivo platelet activation and “release reaction” are increased in old and MA subjects compared to young, presumably due to atherosclerotic vascular changes. This enhanced platelet activity may reflect a pre-thtombotic state.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Tolerability of Malartin and Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine Combination against Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Dibanda, Southwest Cameroon

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Kuokuo Kimbi ◽  
Mesame Ntoko ◽  
Nelson N. Ntonifor ◽  
Emmaculate Lum ◽  
Anna L. Njunda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Drug Combination ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Artemisinin Derivatives ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine

Artemisinin derivatives are now the most potent and rapidly acting antimalarials. The aim of this study was to assess thein vivoefficacy and tolerability of a combination of Malartin (an artesunate) and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Dibanda, Cameroon. A total of 197 subjects were recruited into the study and administered Malartin for 3 days and SP as a single dose on day 0. Only 174 of the subjects were successfully followed up on days 3, 7, and 14. The overall success rate of the drug combination was 92.53%. Parasite density decreased during the follow-up period in different age groups, sexes, and social classes. The prevalence of anaemia decreased from 22.99% at enrolment to 9.77% on day 14, and the difference was significant (P<0.05) on all days of followup. The drug combination did not give rise to any serious side effects.

scholarly journals Total Outflow Facility in Live C57BL/6 Mice of Different Age

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Yelenskiy ◽  
MinHee K. Ko ◽  
Edward R. Chu ◽  
Jose M. Gonzalez ◽  
Kimberly Siegmund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Outflow Facility ◽  
Perfusion Flow ◽  
Perfusion Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Range

Purpose: To characterize total outflow facility across the live adult mouse lifespan as a reference for mouse glaucoma studies and the common C57BL/6 background strain. Methods: Microperfusion was performed by single-needle cannulation and feedback-controlled coupling of pressure and flow to maintain a constant pressure in the anterior chambers of live C57BL/6NCrl mice aged 3-4 months (n = 17), 6-9 months (n = 10), and 23-27 months (n = 12). This mouse age range represented an equivalent human age range of young adult to elderly. We characterized the following across age groups in vivo: (1) outflow facility based on constant pressure perfusion in a pressure range of 15-35 mm Hg, (2) perfusion flow rates, and (3) anterior segment tissue histology after perfusion. Thirty-nine live mice underwent perfusion. Results: Pressure-flow rate functions were consistently linear for all age groups (all R2 > 0.96). Total outflow facility in mice aged 3-4, 6-9, and 23-27 months was 0.0066, 0.0064, and 0.0077 μL/min/mm Hg, respectively. Facility was not significantly different between age groups (all p > 0.4). The groups had closely overlapping frequency distribution profiles with right-sided tails. Post hoc estimates indicated that group facility differences of at least 50% would have been detectable, with this limit set mainly by inherent variability in the strain. A trend toward higher perfusion flow rates was seen in older mice aged 23-27 months, but this was not significantly different from that of mice aged 3-4 months or 6-9 months (p > 0.2). No histological disruption or difference in iridocorneal angle or drainage tissue structure was seen following perfusion in the different age groups. Conclusion: We did not find a significant difference in total outflow facility between different age groups across the live C57BL/6 mouse adult lifespan, agreeing with some human studies. The possibility that more subtle differences might exist ought to be judged with respect to the heterogeneity in facility at different ages. Our findings provide reference data for live perfusion studies pertaining to glaucoma involving the C57BL/6 strain.

scholarly journals Degradation of transplanted mitochondrial proteins by hepatocyte monolayers

1983 ◽  
Vol 216 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Evans ◽  
R J Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Mitochondrial Proteins ◽  
Mitochondrial Outer Membrane ◽  
Lag Period

Reductively [3H]methylated rat mitochondria and mitochondrial-outer-membrane vesicles and mitochondrial-outer-membrane vesicles where monoamine oxidase is irreversibly labelled by [3H]pargyline have been transplanted into hepatocytes by poly(ethylene glycol)-mediated organelle or organelle-vesicle cell fusion. During subsequent culture of hepatocyte monolayers for 4-5 days, under conditions which mimic endogenous catabolic rates in vivo the transplanted organelle proteins retain their degradation characteristics observed in vivo (e.g. mitochondria: average t 1/2 72.5 h; monoamine oxidase: t1/2 55 h). In all cases protein degradation with first-order kinetics is only observed after an initial lag period (i.e. 24-30 h after fusion). Transplantation of fluorescein-conjugated organelles showed that the fluorescent material is rapidly internalized (average t1/2 1-6 h) and uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm. During a subsequent 18-24 h period (which corresponds to the lag period for intracellular destruction of transplanted mitochondrial material) the transplanted material is translocated to assume a perinuclear distribution. The destruction of transplanted mitochondrial proteins is compared with endogenous mitoribosomally synthesized proteins (average t1/2 52.5 h). Percoll fractionation of cell homogenates containing transplanted mitochondrial outer membranes where the enzyme monoamine oxidase is irreversibly labelled with [3H]pargyline shows a distribution of enzyme similar to lysosomal acid phosphatase. After transplantation of reductively methylated 3H-labelled mitochondrial-outer-membrane vesicles the cells were treated with leupeptin to alter lysosomal density. This treatment leads to the predominant association of acid phosphatase with dense structures, whereas the 3H-labelled transplanted material predominantly does not change density. Therefore transplanted mitochondrial-outer-membrane proteins are found in intracellular vesicular structures from which the proteins are donated for destruction, at least in part, by a lysosomal mechanism.

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