scholarly journals Total Outflow Facility in Live C57BL/6 Mice of Different Age

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Yelenskiy ◽  
MinHee K. Ko ◽  
Edward R. Chu ◽  
Jose M. Gonzalez ◽  
Kimberly Siegmund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Outflow Facility ◽  
Perfusion Flow ◽  
Perfusion Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Range

Purpose: To characterize total outflow facility across the live adult mouse lifespan as a reference for mouse glaucoma studies and the common C57BL/6 background strain. Methods: Microperfusion was performed by single-needle cannulation and feedback-controlled coupling of pressure and flow to maintain a constant pressure in the anterior chambers of live C57BL/6NCrl mice aged 3-4 months (n = 17), 6-9 months (n = 10), and 23-27 months (n = 12). This mouse age range represented an equivalent human age range of young adult to elderly. We characterized the following across age groups in vivo: (1) outflow facility based on constant pressure perfusion in a pressure range of 15-35 mm Hg, (2) perfusion flow rates, and (3) anterior segment tissue histology after perfusion. Thirty-nine live mice underwent perfusion. Results: Pressure-flow rate functions were consistently linear for all age groups (all R2 > 0.96). Total outflow facility in mice aged 3-4, 6-9, and 23-27 months was 0.0066, 0.0064, and 0.0077 μL/min/mm Hg, respectively. Facility was not significantly different between age groups (all p > 0.4). The groups had closely overlapping frequency distribution profiles with right-sided tails. Post hoc estimates indicated that group facility differences of at least 50% would have been detectable, with this limit set mainly by inherent variability in the strain. A trend toward higher perfusion flow rates was seen in older mice aged 23-27 months, but this was not significantly different from that of mice aged 3-4 months or 6-9 months (p > 0.2). No histological disruption or difference in iridocorneal angle or drainage tissue structure was seen following perfusion in the different age groups. Conclusion: We did not find a significant difference in total outflow facility between different age groups across the live C57BL/6 mouse adult lifespan, agreeing with some human studies. The possibility that more subtle differences might exist ought to be judged with respect to the heterogeneity in facility at different ages. Our findings provide reference data for live perfusion studies pertaining to glaucoma involving the C57BL/6 strain.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Almajiri Children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
S. M. Gamde ◽  
◽  
P. J. Tongvwam ◽  
K. Hauwa ◽  
A. M. Ganau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Age Range ◽  
North Western

Urinary schistosomiasis is a severe threat to global health with uncountable morbidities in Africa including Nigeria where control interventions focused on children in public and private schools neglecting Almajiri children. This undermined control interventions as those infected contaminate the environments with infective stages of the parasite. The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis amongst Almajiri children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, socio-demographic data was collected in April 2020 on 206 consented Almajiri children in Silame and their urine samples were examined using the sedimentation method. The study showed a prevalence of 35.4% among the Almajiri children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria. The highest prevalence was found among children within the age range 16-20 years (63.6%) while the lowest prevalence was among those in the age range 6-10 years (24.4%). There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis between the age groups (χ 2 = 11.637a , df =3, p=0.002). Urinary schistosomiasis was prevalent among Almajiri children in the study area and parasite infection was associated with the participant's socio-demographic factors such as age, level of education, and water contact activities. Hence, the National Schistosomiasis Control Programs should incorporate the Almajiri children in the control interventions Keywords: Schistosoma hematobium infection; Makarantarallo;Almajiri;Silame

Sialic acid in sickle cell disease.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1443-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
G I Ekeke ◽  
G O Ibeh
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Sialic Acid Content ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Neuraminic (sialic) acid concentrations in serum from normal and sickle cell (HbSS) subjects were determined for discrete age groups from childhood through adolescence. Values in sickle cell disease were consistently lower over the entire age range. We further investigated the effect of exogenous sialic acid on the rate of sickling reversion of HbSS erythrocytes and demonstrated that this compound in millimole per liter concentrations could revert pre-sickled erythrocytes to their normal morphology in a concentration-dependent manner. When subjected to partial de-sialation with sialidase (EC 3.2.1.18), the HbSS erythrocytes not only sickled faster upon deoxygenation, they also reverted more slowly on treatment with phenylalanine (a more efficient anti-sickling agent than sialic acid) than did untreated cells. We conclude that, in sickle cell disease, erythrocyte sialic acid content could play a significant role, not only in the control of the sickling rate in vivo, but also, after sickling has occurred, in the rate of recovery from a sickling crisis.

Association Between Salivary Flow Rate and the Use of Systemic Medication Among 76-, 81-, and 86-year-old Inhabitants in Helsinki, Finland

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1875-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.O. Narhi ◽  
J.H. Meurman ◽  
A. Ainamo ◽  
J.M. Nevalainen ◽  
K.G. Schmidt-Kaunisaho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Systemic Medication ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Saliva Flow

The aim of this study was to examine salivary flow rate and its association with the use of medication in a representative sample of 76-, 81-, and 86-year-old subjects, totaling 368. In this study, 23% (n = 80) of the subjects were unmedicated. From one to three daily medications were used by 47% (n = 168) and more than four medications by 30% (n = 104). The most commonly used medications were nitrates, digitalis or anti-arrhythmic drugs (47.7%), analgesics and antipyretics (32.6%), and diuretics (29.5%). The mean number used daily was significantly higher in 86-year-olds than in the two younger age groups (p < 0.01). No significant differences in this respect were found between genders. Among the unmedicated subjects, 76-year-olds had significantly higher stimulated salivary flow rates than did the 81-year-olds (p < 0.05). Unmedicated women showed significantly lower unstimulated (p < 0.01) and stimulated flow rates than did men (p < 0.05). Stimulated salivary flow rate was also significantly higher in the 76-year-old medicated subjects than in the medicated 86-year-old subjects (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in unstimulated salivary flow rates among the three age groups. Medicated women showed significantly lower unstimulated salivary flow rates than men (p < 0.001), although the difference in stimulated saliva flow was not significant. A statistically significant difference in unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates was found between unmedicated persons and those who took from four to six, or more than seven, prescribed medications daily.

scholarly journals Distribution of White-to-White Corneal Diameter and Anterior Chamber Depth in Chinese Myopic Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guihua Xu ◽  
Guanrong Wu ◽  
Zijing Du ◽  
Shanqing Zhu ◽  
Yunxiang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Corneal Diameter

Purpose: To investigate the distribution of white-to-white (WTW) corneal diameter and anterior chamber depth (ACD) in Chinese myopia patients.Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at five ophthalmic centers. Anterior segment biometry was performed in 7,893 eyes of the 7,893 myopic patients using Pentacam, and the WTW and ACD were recorded. The distribution patterns of WTW and ACD were evaluated and the correlation between WTW and ACD was analyzed statistically.Results: There were 4416 (55.95%) males and 3477 (44.05%) females. The age of the study population was 25.14 ± 5.41 years. Distribution of WTW was slightly positively skewed (Skewness = 0.0076, Kurtosis = 0.3944, KS P = 0.020) with a mean of 11.65 ± 0.38 mm and a 95% normal range of 10.91–12.39 mm. A significant difference in WTW was found among different myopia groups (P &lt; 0.001). The ACD was normally distributed (Skewness = 0.899, Kurtosis = 0.027, KS P = 0.086). The mean ACD was 3.25 ± 0.26 mm and the 95% normal range of was 2.74–3.75 mm. A significant difference in ACD was also found among different myopia groups (P = 0.030). There was a significant correlation between WTW and ACD (r = 0.460, P &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: In our study, 95% of the Chinese myopic patients had a WTW within 10.91–12.39 mm and an ACD within 2.74–3.75 mm. ACD and WTW were significantly different among different myopia, gender and age groups. WTW was positively correlated with ACD.

scholarly journals Very low prevalence of ultrasound-detected tenosynovial abnormalities in healthy subjects throughout the age range: OMERACT ultrasound minimal disease study

2021 ◽  
pp. annrheumdis-2021-219931
Author(s):  
Jeanette Trickey ◽  
Ilfita Sahbudin ◽  
Mads Ammitzbøll-Danielsen ◽  
Irene Azzolin ◽  
Carina Borst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Early Arthritis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minimal Disease ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Age Range

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of ultrasound-detected tendon abnormalities in healthy subjects (HS) across the age range.MethodsAdult HS (age 18–80 years) were recruited in 23 international Outcome Measures in Rheumatology ultrasound centres and were clinically assessed to exclude inflammatory diseases or overt osteoarthritis before undergoing a bilateral ultrasound examination of digit flexors (DFs) 1–5 and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendons to detect the presence of tenosynovial hypertrophy (TSH), tenosynovial power Doppler (TPD) and tenosynovial effusion (TEF), usually considered ultrasound signs of inflammatory diseases. A comparison cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was taken from the Birmingham Early Arthritis early arthritis inception cohort.Results939 HS and 144 patients with RA were included. The majority of HS (85%) had grade 0 for TSH, TPD and TEF in all DF and ECU tendons examined. There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of TSH and TPD involvement between HS and subjects with RA (HS vs RA p<0.001). In HS, there was no difference in the presence of ultrasound abnormalities between age groups.ConclusionsUltrasound-detected TSH and TPD abnormalities are rare in HS and can be regarded as markers of active inflammatory disease, especially in newly presenting RA.

Alteration In Platelet Factor 3 Activity In Plasma In Association With Cigarette Smoking

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
F C Chao ◽  
D M Kenney ◽  
J L Tullis ◽  
C A Alper ◽  
J E Silbert
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Properdin Factor B ◽  
Age Range

Changes in blood coagulation and platelet functions in vivo in healthy smoking and non-smoking individuals of different age groups were studied. Blood samples were obtained on four different occasions (6 months apart during 1978-1980) from each of the 21 smokers and 42 non-smokers (age range 35-79), and analyzed. Statistically significant changes (p < 0.03) associated with cigarette smoking are: 1) increases in platelet count and fibrinogen in plasma; 2) elevation in a platelet procoagulant, platelet factor-3 (PF-3) activity in platelet-poor plasma (PPP); 3) increases in serum levels of α1-antitrypsin, orosomucoid, haptoglobin and properdin factor B; and 4) shortening of the lag period of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Filtration through Millipore filters removed membrane vesicles which are enriched with PF-3 activity from the PPP. The difference in PF-3 activity in filtered plasma between the smoking and non-smoking groups were no longer statistically significant. The results are consistent with the interpretation that enhanced PF-3 activity in plasma occurs in association with cigarette smoking and results from the liberation into plasma of platelet membranes enriched in PF-3 activity.

Stromal and antitumor effects of BIBF 1120 (nintedanib) in a preclinical lung cancer model.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13563-e13563
Author(s):  
David E. Gerber ◽  
Bercin Kutluk Cenik ◽  
Katherine T Ostapoff ◽  
Rolf A. Brekken
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Microvessel Density ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Perfusion Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bibf 1120

e13563 Background: BIBF 1120 is an angiogenic receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that potently inhibits VEGFR, PDGFR and FGFR kinase activity in in vitro enzymatic assays. This study investigated the effect and mechanism of BIBF 1120, in vitro and in vivo, as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy in preclinical models of lung cancer. Methods: Anti-tumor effects of BIBF 1120 in vitro were assessed using cell proliferation assays on five lung cancer lines (A549, Calu-3, Calu-6, H1993, H1703) with BIBF 1120 as a single agent and in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin. To demonstrate anti-tumor activity in vivo, NOD/SCID mice bearing subcutaneous A549 grafts were treated daily with BIBF 1120 or BIBF 1120 plus chemotherapy. Perfusion studies were conducted using labeled dextrans. Ex vivo tumor tissues were assessed for architecture, microvessel density, pericyte coverage, proliferation, and apoptosis. Results: In vitro, BIBF 1120 did not show anti-proliferative effects at pharmacologically achievable concentrations (IC50>20μM) as a single agent; nor did it sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy. However, BIBF 1120 inhibited primary tumor growth as a single agent and in combination therapy in subcutaneous endpoint studies with A549 xenografts. There was no significant difference in tumor architecture between BIBF 1120 and control-treated animals. Microvessel density (CD31,endomucin) and pericyte-covered vessels (NG2) were significantly decreased in BIBF 1120-treated animals compared to the control and chemotherapy only groups. Proliferation (phospho-histone 3) was decreased and apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3) was increased in BIBF 1120-treated animals compared to the control and chemotherapy only groups. Finally, BIBF 1120 significantly decreased perfusion in A549 xenografts. Conclusions: BIBF 1120 demonstrated potent anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activity in a preclinical model of lung cancer. Because A549 was previously demonstrated to be an anti-VEGFR therapy resistant cell line, this study highlights the importance of FGFR and PDGFR pathways in the treatment of lung cancer.

Genetic and Environmental Etiologies of Adolescent Dysfunctional Attitudes: A Twin Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Xinying Li
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adolescent Twins ◽  
Age Range

Despite the importance of dysfunctional attitudes in the development and maintenance of depression, little is known about the etiological origin of dysfunctional attitudes. The Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale for Children was administered to 674 adolescent twins derived from the Beijing Twin Study (BeTwiSt). Four hundred and thirty-nine monozygotic and 235 same-gender dizygotic twin pairs were included. Approximately 54% were females. The age range of the twins was 11–17 years. Model-fitting analyses were conducted. Biometric genetic model-fitting estimates indicated that additive genetic factors accounted for 31% (95% CI: 11%, 45%) of variance in adolescent dysfunctional attitude. The influence of shared environmental factors was small and negligible (9% [95% CI: 0%, 27%]). Non-shared environmental factors explained 60% (95% CI: 55%, 66%) of variance. Equating the estimate parameters across gender or age groups resulted in a non-significant difference of model fit, but there were trends suggesting higher heritability in females and older adolescents. Our results provide evidence for moderate heritability of dysfunctional attitudes in adolescents. Dysfunctional attitudes can be used as an endophenotype to identify risk genes for depression.

Absorption of lactose from colon of newborn piglet

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (1) ◽  
pp. G1-G8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Murray ◽  
A. H. Ailabouni ◽  
P. A. Powers ◽  
H. J. McClung ◽  
B. U. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Newborn Piglet ◽  
Right Colon ◽  
Perfusion Studies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

Piglets in three age groups (1-3, 9-11, and 16-25 days after birth) were used for in vivo colonic perfusions. Studies compared an isosmolar (312 mosM) with a high osmolar (551 mosM) solution and two equimolar substrates (with hexose concentrations of 73.1 mM), lactose and glucose-galactose. From the isosmolar perfusates, lactose absorption was 0.43 +/- 0.04 in the 18-20 day olds and 1.04 +/- 0.2 mumol.cm-1.min-1 in the 1-3 day olds; absorption from the glucose-galactose solution was negligible in all age groups (less than 0.05 +/- 0.05 mumol.cm-1.min-1). From the high osmolar perfusate, lactose absorption also exceeded that of glucose and galactose. In a third set of perfusion studies, the concentration of lactose was varied between 15 and 240 mM perfusate. Five-day-old animals absorbed 67% more lactose than 18-day-old animals; the right colon absorbed 57% more than the left. Lactose absorption, correlated with its concentration in the perfusate (r = 0.99), was nonsaturable at concentrations up to 240 mM, and was correlated with the uptake both of sodium (r2 = 0.59 for young and 0.64 for older neonates) and of chloride (r2 = 0.55 for young and 0.31 for older neonates). The results suggest that lactose may be removed from the colon without apparent cleavage by beta-galactosidase.

scholarly journals Development of Serum Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and Evidence of Immunity in Older Adults Convalescing from COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 942-942
Author(s):  
Rebecca Caffrey ◽  
James Wright ◽  
Nicole Waltrip ◽  
David Bostwick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Range

Abstract The presence and magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgM, and Neutralizing Antibody (NAbs) response was investigated in study cohort comprised of 58 volunteers who survived COVID-19 in a Virginia LTC facility. All subjects were confirmed positive by PCR nasal swab at least once and blood samples were drawn a minimum of 14 days post symptom onset or first positive COVID-19 test. The cohort was split between LTC residents (n=32, mean age 77.8 yrs, age range 48-97), and the LTC staff (n=26, mean age 41.3 yrs, range 23-61); the age difference between groups was statistically significant (P&lt;0.001). Serum IgG measurement was quantitative over 5 orders of magnitude (0.6-1250µg/mL) and IgM was qualitative, measured with sandwich ELISA; NAbs were measured with surrogate virus neutralization assay (sVNT) competition ELISA (both Genscript). The convalescent older adult LTC patients were fully immuno-competent and showed no significant difference in IgG, IgM, or NAbs compared to the younger staff group. All older adults developed NAbs and were positive for either IgG, IgM, or both. All study participants were then grouped by age range and IgG, IgM, and NAbs compared between the following groups: ≤ 50 yrs old(n=20), 51-60(n=6), 61-70(n=8), 71-80(n=14), 81-90(n=6), and ≥91(n=4). There was no significant difference in immune response parameters between the age groups. Furthermore, repeat testing at 3 months on a subset of participants showed that NAbs, IgG and IgM persist. We conclude that development of competent immune response was age-independent, and that presence of NAbs in serum suggests older adults may develop true immunity.

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