Alteration in Plasma Proteins and Platelet Functions with Aging and Cigarette Smoking in Healthy Men

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
F C Chao ◽  
J L Tullis ◽  
C A Alper ◽  
R J Glynn ◽  
J E Silbert
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Properdin Factor B ◽  
Platelet Functions

SummaryBlood samples were obtained on four different occasions from 18 cigarette smoking and 34 non-smoking healthy men (age 4Hl9) and analped to assess age- and smoking-associated changes in plasma proteins, btood coagulation and platelet functions. C-ollagen-induced platele t aggregation was signifi cantly inclreased with agng in non-smokers. Significant gfuanges in chronic smokers were increases in platelet count and fibrinogen in plasma; elevation of platelet factor-3 (PF-3) activity in plateletpoor plasma (PPP); increase in serum levels of a1-antitr,?sin, orosomucoid, haptoglobin and properdin factor B; and sfoeftsning of the lag period of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Filtration of PPP through Mllipore fiIters removed PF-3 membranes. The differen@s in PF-3 activities in fiItered plasma were no longer significant between smokers and non-smokers. Results suggest that chronic smokers have higher levels of acute phase proteins reflecting underlyrng inflammatory processes, and higher levels of PF-3 activity in plasma due to liberation of PF-3 membranes from platelets.

Alteration In Platelet Factor 3 Activity In Plasma In Association With Cigarette Smoking

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
F C Chao ◽  
D M Kenney ◽  
J L Tullis ◽  
C A Alper ◽  
J E Silbert
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Properdin Factor B ◽  
Age Range

Changes in blood coagulation and platelet functions in vivo in healthy smoking and non-smoking individuals of different age groups were studied. Blood samples were obtained on four different occasions (6 months apart during 1978-1980) from each of the 21 smokers and 42 non-smokers (age range 35-79), and analyzed. Statistically significant changes (p < 0.03) associated with cigarette smoking are: 1) increases in platelet count and fibrinogen in plasma; 2) elevation in a platelet procoagulant, platelet factor-3 (PF-3) activity in platelet-poor plasma (PPP); 3) increases in serum levels of α1-antitrypsin, orosomucoid, haptoglobin and properdin factor B; and 4) shortening of the lag period of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Filtration through Millipore filters removed membrane vesicles which are enriched with PF-3 activity from the PPP. The difference in PF-3 activity in filtered plasma between the smoking and non-smoking groups were no longer statistically significant. The results are consistent with the interpretation that enhanced PF-3 activity in plasma occurs in association with cigarette smoking and results from the liberation into plasma of platelet membranes enriched in PF-3 activity.

Major plasma proteins in pig serum during postnatal development

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Martin ◽  
M. A. Tesouro ◽  
N. González-Ramón ◽  
A. Piñeiro ◽  
F. Lampreave
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Acute Phase Protein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Acid Glycoprotein ◽  
Newborn Pigs ◽  
Low Levels

The time-course of changes in the levels of albumin, α-fetoprotein (AFP), α1-protease inhibitor (α1-antitrypsin), α1-acid glycoprotein, fetuin, haptoglobin, transferrin, IgG and the major acute-phase protein (Pig-MAP) in the blood sera of pigs during the first days and weeks of life was investigated by quantitative radial immunodiffusion. The serum of newborn pigs before suckling was characterised by a very low concentration of total proteins (approximately 25 mg mL–1), low levels of albumin and transferrin and the lack of immunoglobulins. In contrast, α1-acid glycoprotein and fetuin are present at high levels (approximately 12 and 5 mg mL–1 respectively). The results of the present study show that the piglets undergo a very rapid metabolic maturation with regard to serum proteins, evolving from a characteristic ‘fetal’ pattern to an ‘adult’ one. We have paid special attention to the evolution of haptoglobin and Pig-MAP, which are two important acute-phase proteins in pigs. The evolution of serum levels of these proteins suggests that piglets must overcome a moderate acute-phase situation during the first week of life.

Daunorubicin and Platelet Function

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (01) ◽  
pp. 038-042 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Pogliani ◽  
R Fantasia ◽  
G Lambertenghi-Deliliers ◽  
E Cofrancesco
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Hemorrhagic Diathesis ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Very High ◽  
Platelet Functions

SummaryThe influence of Daunorubicin on some platelet functions in vitro was investigated, using different concentrations of the drug (0.01-0.02-0.04 μg/ml). Daunorubicin was shown to inhibit Collagen and Thrombin induced platelet aggregation and the intensity of inhibition depended on both drug concentration and the time of preincubation.Daunorubicin was also shown to inhibit the release reaction, the platelet prostaglandin pathway and the availability platelet factor 3; the drug at concentrations for clinical use does not damage the platelet membrane, as is the case with the freezing and thawing test, in platelet uptake of 14C-serotonin and as confirmed by the electron microscope. When very high doses (0.16 mg) of Daunorubicin are used, lysis of the platelets can be observed and this is confirmed under the electron microscope by the presence of empty platelets with fractures at the level of the cytoplasmic membrane.Finally, Daunorubicin causes irreversible inhibition of reptilase clot-retraction, even if this is less severe than with Vincristine. Working with gel-filtered platelets, it would appear that the inhibition exercised by the drug on platelet reactions is not caused through modifications in Ca++ metabolism.The authors suggest that Daunorubicin, at the dosages used clinically, induces in vitro thrombocytopathy without damaging the cellular membrane as confirmed by the electron microscope.This impairment of platelet functions could play a part in hemorrhagic diathesis observed during Daunorubicin therapy.

LEVELS OF VITAMIN C IN CHAIN SMOKERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simerpreet Kukreja
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Vitamin

Introduction: Cigarette smoking induces many chronic illnesses, but in developed countries it is a preventable risk factor. However, by increasing the protective protection mechanism, it may be possible to alleviate the smoke-induced damage. As smoking risk is minimised by vitamin C intake, it is recommended that smokers should take more vitamin C. This inverse correlation between both vitamin C intake and serum levels and smoking was independent of age, sex, body weight, ethnicity, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. The negative association between cigarette smoking and serum vitamin C levels continued, following further adjustment for dietary vitamin C intake. The risk of severe hypovitaminosis C, especially when not accompanied by vitamin supplementation, has been increased in smokers. These data indicate that the inverse relationship between smoking and serum vitamin C levels exists independently of dietary intake, while smoking adversely affects preferences for vitamin C rich foods. Methods: A survey method was performed, with 50 smokers (S) receiving either 500 mg of vitamin C or placebo (P) daily for 4 weeks, and 50 non-smokers receiving vitamin C without supplementation. All finished the hearing. Both groups were equal and C: 14.2 + /- 1.8 pack-years was the amount of cigarettes smoked. Concentrations of plasma vitamin C increased significantly (p < 0.005) only in the vitamin C supplement community.  Results: At SMHRC Hospital Nagpur, we examined the relationship between smoking and vitamin C status, dietary and serum vitamin C levels of 100 participants. Smokers of 20 cigarettes a day had the lowest dietary intake of vitamin C and serum levels, whereas smokers of 1-19 cigarettes a day had lower intake of vitamin C and serum levels (compared to respondents who had never smoked. This inverse correlation between vitamin C and smoking intake and serum levels was independent of age, sex, body weight, race, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. The negative association between cigarette smoking and serum vitamin C levels continued, following further adjustment for dietary vitamin C intake. In smokers, the risk of severe hypo-vitaminosis C, particularly when not accompanied by vitamin supplementation, has increased. Conclusion: These data indicate that the inverse relationship between smoking and serum vitamin C levels exists independently of dietary intake, while smoking adversely affects preferences for vitamin C rich foods. A balanced diet for smokers will obtain a hearty recommendation at this time, but guidelines should remain cautious about high-dose nutrition supplements. Keywords: Chain Smoker, Vitamin C, hypo-vitaminosis C and cigarette.

scholarly journals Smoking Functions as a Negative Regulator of IGF1 and Impairs Adipokine Network in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin C. Erlandsson ◽  
Roberto Doria Medina ◽  
Sofia Töyrä Silfverswärd ◽  
Maria I. Bokarewa
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Novel Association ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
Never Smokers

Objectives.Smoking is pathogenic for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) being tightly connected to the genetic and serological risk factors for this disease. This study aims to understand connections between cigarette smoking and serum levels of IGF1 and adipokines in RA.Methods.Serum levels of IGF1 and adipokines leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin were measured in two independent cohorts of RA patients from Gothenburg (n=350) and Leiden (n=193). An association of these parameters with smoking was tested in a direct comparison and proved by bivariate correlation analysis. The obtained associations were further tested in multivariate regression models where the confounders (age, gender, disease duration, and BMI) were controlled.Results.The smokers had significantly lower serum levels of IGF1, adiponectin, and leptin compared to never smokers. In regression analysis, smoking and low leptin, but not adiponectin, were associated and predicted low IGF1. Additionally, high disease activity and high BMI increased the probability of low leptin.Conclusions.The study indicates cigarette smoking as an important cause of a relative IGF1 and leptin deficiency in RA patients. This novel association between smoking and hypoleptinemia may be of importance for long-term prognosis of RA and for prediction of comorbidities.

Acute Phase Proteins and Interleukin?6 Serum Levels in Patients with Chronic Arterial Occlusion

2006 ◽  
Vol 762 (1) ◽  
pp. 493-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
WACLAW MAJEWSKI ◽  
RYSZARD STANISZEWSKI ◽  
ARTUR SLUPIANEK ◽  
ALEKSANDER GORNY ◽  
ANDRZEJ MACKIEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Chronic Arterial Occlusion

scholarly journals The effect of cigarette smoking on serum levels of regulatory cytokines and molecules involved in atherogenesis during systemic treatment of psoriasis – results of a preliminary study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Zdanowska ◽  
Agnieszka B. Owczarczyk-Saczonek ◽  
Joanna Czerwińska ◽  
Jacek J. Nowakowski ◽  
Anna Kozera-Żywczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Adalimumab Treatment ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule 1

Introduction: Among the diseases associated with psoriasis linked to smoking are primarily cardiovascular diseases (including atherosclerosis) and metabolic syndrome. In addition, cigarette smoking also affects the effectiveness of systemic treatment of psoriasis. Aim: Assessment of the effect of cigarette smoking on biomarkers of atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis treated with methotrexate and adalimumab. Material and methods: The serum levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and anti-oxLDL antibodies, IL-10, IL-35, TGFß1, were assessed in 34 patients with psoriasis (15 smokers and 19 non-smokers), and 8 healthy, non-smoking volunteers. Results and discussion: Smoking patients had significantly higher body mass index, lower high density lipoprotein (HDL), higher risk of 10-year fatal cardiovascular disease, higher IL-10 levels and lower IL-35 levels at baseline compared to healthy, non-smoking volunteers. We observed decreases in IL-10, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and oxLDL levels during 12 weeks of methotrexate treatment and, a decrease in IL-35 during adalimumab treatment, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Conclusions: Our results indicate the need for a holistic approach to psoriasis treatment that includes lifestyle modifications like smoking cessation to slow the development of atherosclerosis and increase the possibility of improving skin lesions.

scholarly journals Shortened platelet half-life in multiple myeloma

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 514-520
Author(s):  
E Fritz ◽  
H Ludwig ◽  
W Scheithauer ◽  
H Sinzinger
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Healthy Control

Various defects in platelet function have been reported as being associated with multiple myeloma. In 30 myeloma patients and 15 healthy controls, we investigated platelet survival using in vitro labeling of autologous platelets with 111indium-oxine and measuring the in vivo kinetics of the radioisotope. Significantly shortened platelet half- life in patients averaged 73 hours, while platelet half-life in the healthy controls averaged 107 hours. In myeloma patients, serum levels of thromboxane B2, beta-thromboglobulin, and platelet factor 4 were significantly elevated; aggregation indices were within the pathological range; platelet counts and spleen-liver indices, however, were comparable to those of the healthy control group. No statistical correlation was found between platelet half-life and paraprotein concentrations. Our findings suggest an initial--so far unexplained-- intravascular process of platelet activation and consumption that finally manifests in shortened platelet half-life. It seems that overt thrombocytopenia develops only when the compensatory capacity of the bone marrow finally becomes exhausted. Further studies should be able to elucidate the pathophysiologic processes involved.

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