Fibrinolytic Activity of Cerebro-Spinal Fluid and the Development of Artificial Cerebral Haematomas in Dogs

SummaryBlood was injected into the brains of dogs to produce artificial haematomas, and paraffin injected to produce intracerebral paraffin masses. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood samples were withdrawn at regular intervals and their fibrinolytic activities estimated by the fibrin plate method. Trans-form aminomethylcyclohexane-carboxylic acid (t-AMCHA) was administered to some individuals. Genera] relationships were found between changes in CSF fibrinolytic activity, area of tissue damage and survival time. t-AMCHA was clearly beneficial to those animals given a programme of administration. Tissue activator was extracted from the brain tissue after death or sacrifice for haematoma examination. The possible role of tissue activator in relation to haematoma development, and clinical implications of the results, are discussed.

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Diagnostic and Treatment Approaches Involving Transthyretin in Amyloidogenic Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20122982 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 2982 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gil Yong Park ◽

Angelo Jamerlan ◽

Kyu Hwan Shim ◽

Seong Soo A. An

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Genetic Mutations ◽

Hormone Binding ◽

Wild Type ◽

Autonomic Motor ◽

Hormone Binding Protein ◽

The Brain ◽

Tetrameric Form

Transthyretin (TTR) is a thyroid hormone-binding protein which transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain. The structural stability of TTR in tetrameric form is crucial for maintaining its original functions in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The altered structure of TTR due to genetic mutations or its deposits due to aggregation could cause several deadly diseases such as cardiomyopathy and neuropathy in autonomic, motor, and sensory systems. The early diagnoses for hereditary amyloid TTR with cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) and wild-type amyloid TTR (ATTRwt) amyloidosis, which result from amyloid TTR (ATTR) deposition, are difficult to distinguish due to the close similarities of symptoms. Thus, many researchers investigated the role of ATTR as a biomarker, especially its potential for differential diagnosis due to its varying pathogenic involvement in hereditary ATTR-CM and ATTRwt amyloidosis. As a result, the detection of ATTR became valuable in the diagnosis and determination of the best course of treatment for ATTR amyloidoses. Assessing the extent of ATTR deposition and genetic analysis could help in determining disease progression, and thus survival rate could be improved following the determination of the appropriate course of treatment for the patient. Here, the perspectives of ATTR in various diseases were presented.

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The Pathophysiologic Role of the Brain Renin-Angiotensin System in Stroke Protection: Clinical Implications

Journal of Clinical Hypertension ◽

10.1111/j.1524-6175.2007.06602.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 454-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Steven G. Chrysant

Keyword(s):

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Angiotensin System ◽

Renin Angiotensin ◽

The Brain

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Effect of neuroactive drugs on production of fibrinolytic activity

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1962.202.5.984 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 202 (5) ◽

pp. 984-986 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mary J. Pohala ◽

C. Y. Yen ◽

Heron O. Singher

Keyword(s):

Fibrinolytic Activity ◽

Small Degree ◽

Sympathetic Ganglia ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Intravenous Injections ◽

Fibrin Plate ◽

Neuroactive Drugs ◽

Stimulation Of

Neuroactive drugs were investigated for their ability to produce a blood plasma fibrinolysin in experimental animals. Following intravenous injections of these drugs, blood samples were drawn and the plasma studied for fibrinolytic activity as indicated by the Astrup fibrin plate technique. Drugs inducing a small degree of fibrinolytic activity in dogs were acetylcholine hydrochloride, epinephrine hydrochloride, carbamylcholine chloride, physostigmine salicylate and prostigmine methylsulfate. The possible mechanism of drug-induced fibrinolysin as compared with the biological activation of profibrinolysin is interpreted on the basis of stimulation and release of catecholamines resulting from stimulation of sympathetic ganglia and the adrenal medulla.

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Expression and possible role of creatine transporter in the brain and at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier as a transporting protein of guanidinoacetate, an endogenous convulsant

Journal of Neurochemistry ◽

10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05652.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 107 (3) ◽

pp. 768-778 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Masanori Tachikawa ◽

Jun Fujinawa ◽

Masato Takahashi ◽

Yasuyuki Kasai ◽

Masahiro Fukaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Creatine Transporter ◽

The Brain

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Role of transthyretin in the transport of thyroxine from the blood to the choroid plexus, the cerebrospinal fluid, and the brain

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.130.2.933 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 130 (2) ◽

pp. 933-938 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

J. P. Chanoine

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Choroid Plexus ◽

The Brain

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GRANULOCYTE ELASTASE RELEASE DURING BLOOD COAGULATION

10.1055/s-0038-1643166 ◽

1987 ◽

Author(s):

T Miura ◽

M Inagaki ◽

M Taki ◽

N Saito ◽

T Meguro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Coagulation ◽

Fibrinolytic Activity ◽

Coagulation System ◽

Factor Xii ◽

High Potency ◽

Plate Method ◽

Granulocyte Elastase ◽

A 23187 ◽

Fibrin Plate ◽

Dose Dependent

Granulocyte elastase (ELP) has a high-potency fibrinolytic activity. Hence, there is a possibility that ELP acts as a thrombolytic enzyme like plasmin in thrombolysis. We investigated the release of ELP from granulocytes, especially during blood coagulation.The biological activity of ELP was measured using a synthetic substrate, Suc-Ala-Tyr-Leu-Val-pNA. The immunological activity assayed as an alpha-l-antitrypsin-ELP complex was measured using an anti-ELP antibody (Merck), because more than 90% of ELP in blood forms alpha-l-antitrypsin-ELP complexes.The ELP activity in granulocytes extracted by 2 mol/1 KSCN was 10 mU/106 cells. This fibrinolytic activity corresponds to 1-2 U of plasmin in the fibrin plate method.The ELP release from separated granulocytes was observed by adding Ca2+, and the release was increased by Ca ionophore A 23187. The release was dose-dependent as far as 10 mM Ca2+ (final concentration) and the maximum release was obtained within 15 minutes. However, the ELP release was not produced by thrombin.The level of alpha-l-antitrypsin-ELP complex in serum was twice higher and that in heparinized plasma was 1.5 times higher than that in sodium citrated plasma. ELP was not released from granulocytes incubated in both prekallikrein deficient plasma and Factor XII deficient plasma containing 10 mM Ca2+. But addition of normal plasma (about 10%) resulted in ELP releaseThese results suggest that the ELP release from granulocytes is dependent on Ca2+ and the release is relevant to the blood coagulation system, especially to contact factors.

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The role of metabolites and the role of histo-hematological barriers in the regulation of body functions. (End)

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj70453 ◽

1937 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 523-532

Author(s):

L. S. Stern

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Nervous System ◽

General Circulation ◽

Physiological State ◽

The State ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Brain ◽

Physiological Systems

Evaluation of the results obtained in the study of the effect of cerebrospinal fluid on various physiological systems is complicated by the fact that the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid depends to a large extent on the state of the blood-brain barrier, and thus reflects not only a certain physiological state of the central nervous system. There is no doubt that the metabolic products of the brain, secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid, exert their effect not only on the activity of various parts of the brain and on the coordination of their functions, but due to the rapid transition of these substances from the cerebrospinal fluid into the general circulation, they also affect as a humoral a factor on the function of other physiological systems, as it was revealed in a number of experiments carried out in recent years in our laboratories. For example, it turned out that under various influences (direct irritation of the central nervous system in experimental epilepsy, irritation of the sensory nerves associated with severe pain, traumatic shock, toxemic or chemical shock, as well as starvation, prolonged insomnia, etc.) - substances appear in the cerebrospinal fluid that affect the state and activity of the cardiovascular system, the tone of smooth muscles, the excitability of the central nervous system, etc. These are the results of the work of our employees: Zeitlin, Weiss, Harles, Voskresensky, Gromakovskaya , Bazarova, Gotsman, Komarova and others. Work in this direction continues at the present time.

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