scholarly journals A Contribution to the Anatomical Study of the Mandibular Premolars

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
T. Capote ◽  
R. Barroso ◽  
S. Pinto ◽  
M. Conte ◽  
J. Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Kappa Statistic ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Proximal Surface ◽  
Lingual Surface ◽  
Dental Anatomy ◽  
Distal Surface ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance

Introduction During the practical classes of Dental Anatomy, some students have difficulties in identifying the mandibular first premolars, especially in determining the proximal surfaces. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the anatomical structures of those teeth, to determine the criteria for identifying the proximal surfaces in individual teeth. Materials and Methods Two hundred mandibular first premolars belonging to 100 individuals, at the age of 18 to 25 years old and from both sexes were evaluated according to some features of the dental crown. The associations of interest were estimated using the chi-square test or Fisher's Exact Test and kappa statistic. The level of significance was 5%. Results The distal occlusal fossa (DOF) was the widest fossa (94.5%), and the distal surface constituted the proximal surface with the largest dimension (94.5%). It was found that in 60% of the teeth, the DOF was located closer to the lingual surface. The grooves from the mesial and distal occlusal fossa, toward the lingual surface, were absent in most teeth (64.5% and 91.5%, respectively). Conclusions The criteria for determining the proximal surfaces when evaluating individual first mandibular premolars should be: DOF will be the widest occlusal fossa; the proximal surface with the largest buccolingual dimension will be the distal surface. The occlusal fossa which is closer to the lingual surface may also be evaluated, being considered as the DOF. However, this should be considered the last of the three highlighted criteria, since it generates a greater margin of error in relation to the others.

scholarly journals Anxiety presented by children facing dental treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-218
Author(s):  
Cícera Alane de OLIVERA ◽  
Tamara GAMA ◽  
Evalena Lima CABRAL ◽  
Camila Helena Machado da Costa FIGUEIREDO ◽  
Gymenna Maria Tenório GUÊNES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
School Of Dentistry ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Rotary Instrument

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the profile of children from 6 to 12 years of age, in relation to anxiety towards dental treatment and evaluate the main factors that trigger anxiety in this population. Methods: The sample was composed of 200 children with an average age of 8.5 years who attended the Clinic of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Campina Grande and the Basic Healthcare Units of the municipality of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil between June 2015 and May 2016. Anxiety was assessed using the Dental Anxiety Scale and the Venham Picture Test. The Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to explore the level of significance of the associations between the variables Results: Anxiety was observed in the majority of children (Dental Anxiety Scale - 89% and Venham Picture Test - 70.5%) and the predominant levels were low to moderate. The child´s age group was significantly associated with anxiety (p=0.014) by the Venham Picture Test, while gender did not present this correlation. Anxiety was influenced by all the factors studied: making the appointment, waiting room, rotary instrument and periodontal scaling. Conclusion: The majority of children presented anxiety and the trigger factors: making the appointment, waiting room, rotary instrument and periodontal scaling contributed considerably to its development.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption among adolescents:

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Flávia Granville-Garcia ◽  
Marayza Alves Clementino ◽  
Monalisa da Nóbrega Cesarino Gomes ◽  
Ramon Targino Firmino ◽  
Gabriella Lima Arrais Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance

The scope of this paper is to assess the attitudes and behaviors regarding alcohol use and analyze associated factors among schoolchildren in public schools of Campina Grande in the state of Paraíba. A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 574 adolescents, with the application of a semi-structured questionnaire. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used (5% level of significance). Among the adolescents 54.5% had drunk alcohol and 6.7% of them were heavy drinkers. The majority of them drank alcohol between 11 and 14 years of age (42.8%); 26.3% of the adolescents purchased alcoholic beverages; and beer was the most drink most consumed (43.8%). The risk of alcohol drinking was higher between 16 and 19 years of age (OR = 4.44; p < 0.001), among those without religious affiliation (OR = 4.36; p = 0.002), among those who worked (OR = 2.13; p = 0.012) and among those who had a fair to poor relationship with their father (OR = 2.18; p = 0.010). The results of this study underscore the complexity of this issue and the need to pay particular attention to the adolescent population. Public policies alone are not sufficient. Support from family, school and society is essential to curtail early alcohol use and its consequences.

scholarly journals Condições de produção vocal de professores da rede pública de Campinas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Lombas ◽  
Ana Carolina Constantini
Keyword(s):  
Human Communication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Voice Symptoms

Introduction: Our voice can realize a very importante function in human communication and also is present and helps the various relationships that exist in the different types of jobs and depends on a good voice production to satisfy their work demands. The teacher, among the voice proffessionals, is who presents more occurrence of Voice Disturb (DV). Purpose: To investigate the occurrence of voice symptoms in teachers that Works on Preschool and Elementary school of the public municipality Campinas’ education in the north district, and associate them to voice habits at the work and their life style. Methods: Schools were selected after a statistical calculation to compose a representative sample of the participants and the questionary “Condição de Produção Vocal – Professores (CPV-P)”, compose by 64 questions were answered by the teachers. Results: The collected datas of 63 teachers were organized in Excel worksheet and were analysed in descriptive and inferential statisticts. Through the Chi-square test and the exact test of Fisher were analysed the association between the variables, considering the level of significance of 5%. The presence of DV was considered by the dependent variable, that was detected by the “Índice de Triagem do Distúrbio de Voz – ITDV”, which considers a probable DV, according to the checked option, and showed that 47,6% of the teachers has DV. Conclusion: Almost the most of the teachers has DV in association with others facts that are present at the work and in teachers’ daily voice habits.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitudes of Brazilian dentists regarding dental treatment of children

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Marília Leão Goettems ◽  
Marina Sousa Azevedo ◽  
Dayane Rubin ◽  
Núbia Rubin Prietto ◽  
Laís Anschau Pauli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Pediatric Dentists ◽  
Chisquare Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Dental Professionals

OBJECTIVE: This survey assessed the attitudes of dentists regarding dental treatment of children, the barriers reported, and knowledge about the recommended age for a child’s first dental visit.METHODS: A self-applied questionnaire was sent to all dentists in Pelotas/Brazil and 187 (67.8%) were returned. The chi-square test was used to analyze categorical or nominal variables; the chisquare test for linear trend was used for the ordinal variables and Fisher’s exact test was used when the cell frequencies were small. The level of significance was set at α=0.05.RESULTS: The majority of the dentists provide dental treatment for children (123; 71.9%). Regarding the barriers to treatment of children, behavior (55.9%) and interest of parents (48.2%) were the most cited. Only 65.9% reported that children should see a dentist no later than 12 months of age. Knowledge about the recommended age was higher among pediatric dentists (p=0.03) and lower among dentists in private practice (p=0.002) and with more years of practice (p=0.02).CONCLUSIONS: Although most of the dentists treat children, barriers have been pointed out. Many of the dentists are not aware of the recommended age for the first dental visit. Given the benefits of early treatment, this attitude should be stimulated among dental professionals.

Frequency of the Audiometric Notch Following Excessive Noise Exposure

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Ristovska ◽  
Zora Jachova ◽  
Nikica Atanasova
Keyword(s):  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss ◽  
Excessive Noise

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the configuration of pathologic audiograms in patients with excessive noise exposure, and to calculate the frequency of notches in the audiogram in patients with and without excessive noise exposure by avoiding the effect of age-related hearing loss. We have analyzed 514 audiograms of 257 patients aged between 20 to 50 years: 240 patients (mean age of 38.7 years) with excessive noise exposure and 17 patients (mean age of 41.2 years) with notches in the audiogram, but without a history of excessive noise exposure. For statistical data analysis we have used the Chi-square test and Fisher exact test with the level of significance p < 0.05. Pathologic audiograms were classified into five different types: Slope at 4000 Hz (0.8%), Slope at 2000 Hz (15.1%), Notch at 4000 Hz (67.4%), Notch at 2000 Hz (0.8%), Flat (8.9%), and 7% were out of this classification. A total of 190 (79.2%) patients with excessive noise exposure had a notch in the audiogram. Left ear notches were the most common. Among the patients with notched audiograms, 91.8% had a history of excessive noise exposure, either occupational or nonoccupational, and 8.2% did not report any excessive noise exposure.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DA CESSAÇÃO DO TABAGISMO DURANTE E APÓS O TRATAMENTO E FATORES ASSOCIADOS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-249
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia Garabeli Cavalli Kluthcovsky ◽  
Cecília Fanha Dornelles ◽  
Erildo Vicente Muller ◽  
Allan Catarino Kiska Torrani ◽  
Alisson Ferreira Pupulim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tobacco Use Cessation ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Very High

O tabagismo possui relação com diversas doenças e seu tratamento traz benefícios para fumantes ativos e passivos. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar os resultados do tratamento em pacientes tabagistas e possíveis fatores associados.  Estudo retrospectivo com análise dos dados de 62 pacientes tratados em um projeto de extensão universitária. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos, clínicos, referentes ao tabagismo e sobre os resultados da cessação do tabagismo durante o período de tratamento e após o tratamento (tempo médio de 8,0+2,0 meses após o início do tratamento). Para as análises estatísticas foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher, com nível de significância de 5%. Durante o período de tratamento 51,6% dos pacientes pararam de fumar e 37,1% reduziram o número de cigarros por dia. Dos 54 pacientes que responderam aos contatos telefônicos após o tratamento, 31,5% permaneciam sem fumar, 27,8% estavam fumando número reduzido de cigarros por dia e 16,6% apresentaram recaída.  Frequência de presenças aos encontros durante o tratamento inferior a 5 vezes (p0,001) e grau de dependência à nicotina elevado ou muito elevado (p=0,03) foram associados a não parar de fumar durante o tratamento. Observou-se uma boa proporção de cessação do tabagismo durante e após o tratamento. Incentivo deve ser dado para que os pacientes compareçam aos encontros de tratamento, com atenção especial para aqueles com grau de dependência à nicotina elevado ou muito elevado.Palavras-chave: Tabagismo. Abandono do uso do tabaco. Produtos para o abandono do uso de tabaco. Programa Nacional de Controle do Tabagismo. ANALYSIS OF SMOKE CESSATION DURING AND AFTER TREATMENT AND ASSOCIATED FACTORSABSTRACT: Smoking is related to several diseases and its treatment brings benefits to active and passive smokers. This study aimed to analyze the treatment results in smokers and possible associated factors. A retrospective study was carried out, with data from 62 patients treated in a university extension project. Socioeconomic, clinical and smoking data were collected. Data on smoking cessation outcomes were also collected during the treatment period and after treatment (mean time 8.0+2,0 months after initiation of treatment). Statistical analyzes were performed using the Chi-square test and Fisher Exact test. The level of significance was 5%. During the treatment period 51.6% of the patients stopped smoking and 37.1% reduced the number of cigarettes per day. Out of the 54 patients who responded to telephone contacts after treatment, 31.5% remained smoking-free, 27.8% were smoking less cigarettes per day and 16.6% relapsed. At least 5 times during treatment (p0,001) and high or very high nicotine dependence level (p=0,03) were associated with non-stop smoking during treatment. A good proportion of smoking cessation was observed during and after treatment. An encouragement must be given for patients to attend treatment meetings, with special attention for those with high or very high nicotine dependence.Keywords: Tobacco use disorder. Tobacco use cessation. Tobacco use cessation products. National Program of Tobacco Control.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes With Drug Coated Balloons Versus Plain Balloon Angioplasty In Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia

2021 ◽  
pp. 153857442110225
Author(s):  
Joel Mathew John ◽  
Vimalin Samuel ◽  
Dheepak Selvaraj ◽  
Prabhu Premkumar ◽  
Albert A Kota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Interventional Procedure ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: The use of drug coated balloon (DCB) for angioplasty has shown superior efficacy against plain balloons for treating complex infrainguinal arterial disease. We report and compare the clinical outcomes following application of DCB(Paclitaxel) and plain angioplasty (POBA) in our tertiary care centre. Methods: A retrospective, single centre analysis of 301 patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia involving the infrainguinal segment was conducted between September 2014 and September 2018, after approval from the Institutional review board. We analyzed clinical outcomes by measuring postoperative ABI improvement, restenosis requiring reintervention procedure, minor and major amputations at the end of 18 months. . To find the association between the group variables (POBA and DCB) and other risk variables, Chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test was used. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used. Results: Patients who underwent treatment with plain balloon (POBA) and DCB(Paclitaxel) angioplasty were 246(81.7%) and 55(18.3%) respectively. Our study group was predominantly male (Male: Female = 6.7:1), most patients were more than 50 years of age (n = 251, 83.4%). Smoking (n = 199, 66.1%) and diabetes (n = 210, 69.8%) were the most common atherosclerotic risk factors. Postoperative Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABI) improvement were similar in both groups (POBA = 57.7%; DCB = 69.8%; p = 0.103). Minor and major amputations following POBA were 26% and 22%; and DCB were 12.7% and 16.4% respectively. Re-stenosis requiring a re-interventional procedure within 18 months was 15%, (n = 37) following POBA; and 12.7% (n = 7) following DCB (p = 0.661). Conclusions: This retrospective study shows similar clinical limb related outcomes following POBA and DCB at 18 months. However, our comparative analysis between the POBA and DCB groups was totally unadjusted and not adjusted for common confounders such as age and sex. Hence, for one to draw definitive conclusions leading to changes in clinical practice; a randomized, prospective study with a larger patient cohort is needed.

scholarly journals HANDLING DISTRUST ON RISK COMMUNICATION IN NIGERIA: A STRATEGY TO STRENGTHENING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK RESPONSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi ◽  
Priscilla Onaopemipo Akosile ◽  
Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi ◽  
Victor Okoliko Ukwenya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the level of trust in the COVID-19 risk communication efforts in Nigeria. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among community members aged 15 years and above in Ondo state in October, 2020. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics were summarized using frequencies. Trust was ranked from “1” implying “Low level of trust” to “7” denoting “High level of trust”. We conducted bivariate Chi-square test on respondents’ level of trust in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and socio-demographic characteristics. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results Among the 691 respondents, 244 (35.3%) were aged 21 to 29 years, and 304 (51.4%) used the NCDC to obtain COVID-19 knowledge. Overall, 205 (41.8%) had high level of trust in the NCDC. Furthermore, 51 (51.5%) individuals aged 30-39 years had high level of trust in the NCDC (ᵡ2=17.455, p= 0.001). Also, 114 (48.5%) persons who lived with children below 18 years had high level of trust in the NCDC (ᵡ2= 8.266, p= 0.004). Conclusion Policy makers should prioritize the involvement of young and educated persons in COVID-19 risk communication strategies.

scholarly journals The perception of COVID-19 among Italian dental patients: an orthodontic point of view

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Martina ◽  
Alessandra Amato ◽  
Paolo Faccioni ◽  
Alfredo Iandolo ◽  
Massimo Amato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Level Of Significance

Abstract Background The present study aimed to investigate the patients’ perception of the dental practice during the COVID-19 outbreak, and whether the pandemic will affect the attendance of orthodontic patients at the dental practice. An online questionnaire, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), was submitted to Italian dental patients with items about their perceived risks when going to the dentist, concerns about continuing orthodontic treatment, and the onset of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Data were analyzed with a chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results A total of 1566 subjects completed the survey, including 486 who were under orthodontic treatment or who had a child in orthodontic treatment. A total of 866 participants (55.3%) thought the risk of contracting the COVID-19 infection was higher in a dental practice; this perception was associated with gender (women more than man), age (over 60 years old) and high levels of distress (P<0.001). However, 894 patients (57.1%) felt comfortable going back to the dentist. Most of the orthodontic patients (84%) would continue their treatment. After the lockdown, there was a slight increase in the frequency of TMD pain (356 versus 334). Conclusions Most of the participants believed that the dental practice is a place at greater risk of contracting COVID-19, even if they continue to go to the dentist. Gender, age, and the level of distress were associated with the increase in the fear of going to the dentist due to COVID-19. Because of the pandemic, 16% of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment would not return to the dental practice to continue their orthodontic treatment after the lockdown. The prevalence of TMD pain in the population increased due to the pandemic.

scholarly journals MRI of the Entire Spinal Cord—Worth the While or Waste of Time? A Retrospective Study of 74 Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1424
Author(s):  
Esben Nyborg Poulsen ◽  
Anna Olsson ◽  
Stefan Gustavsen ◽  
Annika Reynberg Langkilde ◽  
Annette Bang Oturai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Spinal Cord Lesions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria ◽  
Chi Square Test

Spinal cord lesions are included in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), yet spinal cord MRI is not mandatory for diagnosis according to the latest revisions of the McDonald Criteria. We investigated the distribution of spinal cord lesions in MS patients and examined how it influences the fulfillment of the 2017 McDonald Criteria. Seventy-four patients with relapsing-remitting MS were examined with brain and entire spinal cord MRI. Sixty-five patients received contrast. The number and anatomical location of MS lesions were assessed along with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). A Chi-square test, Fischer’s exact test, and one-sided McNemar’s test were used to test distributions. MS lesions were distributed throughout the spinal cord. Diagnosis of dissemination in space (DIS) was increased from 58/74 (78.4%) to 67/74 (90.5%) when adding cervical spinal cord MRI to brain MRI alone (p = 0.004). Diagnosis of dissemination in time (DIT) was not significantly increased when adding entire spinal cord MRI to brain MRI alone (p = 0.04). There was no association between the number of spinal cord lesions and the EDSS score (p = 0.71). MS lesions are present throughout the spinal cord, and spinal cord MRI may play an important role in the diagnosis and follow-up of MS patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document