scholarly journals HANDLING DISTRUST ON RISK COMMUNICATION IN NIGERIA: A STRATEGY TO STRENGTHENING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK RESPONSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi ◽  
Priscilla Onaopemipo Akosile ◽  
Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi ◽  
Victor Okoliko Ukwenya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the level of trust in the COVID-19 risk communication efforts in Nigeria. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among community members aged 15 years and above in Ondo state in October, 2020. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics were summarized using frequencies. Trust was ranked from “1” implying “Low level of trust” to “7” denoting “High level of trust”. We conducted bivariate Chi-square test on respondents’ level of trust in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and socio-demographic characteristics. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results Among the 691 respondents, 244 (35.3%) were aged 21 to 29 years, and 304 (51.4%) used the NCDC to obtain COVID-19 knowledge. Overall, 205 (41.8%) had high level of trust in the NCDC. Furthermore, 51 (51.5%) individuals aged 30-39 years had high level of trust in the NCDC (ᵡ2=17.455, p= 0.001). Also, 114 (48.5%) persons who lived with children below 18 years had high level of trust in the NCDC (ᵡ2= 8.266, p= 0.004). Conclusion Policy makers should prioritize the involvement of young and educated persons in COVID-19 risk communication strategies.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of 1-5 years children in the urban slum area of Jagdalpur city, Bastar region, Chhattisgarh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1172
Author(s):  
Q. H. Khan ◽  
Garima Arora ◽  
Susheel Kumar Nalli
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
High Level

Background: Nutritional status is the best indicator of the child health. Malnutrition has both short and long term adverse ramifications. As per NFHS III 47% children are stunted in the state of Chhattisgarh. However still many communities in the tribal dominated and naxal affected state may remain affected, hence the study was planned to identify the nutritional status of children and find out its determinant.Methods: Present cross-sectional study was conducted among 12-59 months children in the urban slum of Jagdalpur city, Bastar region of Chhattisgarh. Predesigned and pretested questionnaire was administered to the caregiver of the child, information on socio-demographic characteristics was obtained and anthropometric measurements were taken. Statistical Analysis: all frequencies were derived for completeness of data. WHO Anthro Software version 3.1.0 was used to classify the malnutrition status. Chi-square test was applied to find association between dependent variables.Results: Out of 225 children 53.3% were boys and 46.7% were girls. The overall prevalence of underweight stunting and wasting was 28.4%, 41.3%, and 19.1% respectively.Conclusions: Prevalence of underweight has reduced in the district over a period of years. However high level of stunting, a sign of chronic hunger points towards the pivotal role of socio-demographic and behavioral practices prevalent in the district. Interaction with health system in the form of ANC, institutional delivery and safeguarding effective 100% immunization coverage has shown preventive effect.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Determinants of Household Knowledge of Split and Grouped Mosquito Larval Source Management for Malaria Prevention and Control in Rural Malawi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumisani Mfipa ◽  
Mphatso Kamndaya ◽  
Kingsley Lungu
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Larval Source Management ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
High Level ◽  
Source Management

Abstract BackgroundLimited studies have compared determinants of household knowledge of split and grouped mosquito larval source management (LSM) methods. Thus, we compared determinants of household knowledge of split and grouped mosquito LSM methods for malaria control in Malawi. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 479 households in Nthache, Mwanza district, Malawi. Household knowledge of mosquito LSM methods; draining stagnant water, larviciding, clean environment and clearing grass/bushes were assessed by using a validated structured household questionnaire administered to an adult household member. Chi-square test was used to compare the distribution of household knowledge of each of the split and grouped mosquito LSM methods. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with household knowledge of each of the split and grouped mosquito LSM methods. ResultsHousehold knowledge of draining stagnant water was lower than high-level knowledge of grouped mosquito LSM methods (32.9% versus 83.5%, p=0.000). Household knowledge of clearing grass/bushes was lower than high-level knowledge of grouped mosquito LSM methods (8.2% versus 77.7%, p=0.000). Household knowledge of clean environment was lower than high-level knowledge of grouped mosquito LSM methods (21.8% versus 63.8%, p=0.000). No significant differences were observed between knowledge of larviciding and high-level knowledge of grouped mosquito LSM methods (4.1% versus 5.8%, p=0.421). Respondents without education had 57% less the odds of having knowledge of draining stagnant water than those with primary education (AOR=0.43, 95% CI 0.26-0.69). Those from iron-roofed households and the widowed had three and more than four times the odds of having knowledge of larviciding than those from grass-thatched households and the married (AOR=3.03, 95% CI 1.26-7.29 and AOR=4.73, 95% CI 1.34-16.73), respectively. ConclusionsExcept for larviciding, household knowledge of grouped mosquito LSM methods was significantly higher than split methods. Policy for integrated vector management should address determinants of split mosquito LSM methods to improve household knowledge.

scholarly journals Snacking Behaviour and Its Determinants among College-Going Students in Coastal South India

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanna Mithra ◽  
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan ◽  
Rekha Thapar ◽  
Nithin Kumar ◽  
Sharana Hegde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
College Going ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Background. Consumption of snacks in between the regular meals is a poor snacking behaviour. It is an established risk factor for several lifestyle-related disorders and has long-term effects among the younger individuals. Objectives. To study the snacking behaviour and to assess their determinants among college-going students. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 865 college-going students in Mangaluru. Data were collected using a pretested pro forma that was coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.5. The chi-square test and random-effect logistic regression analyses were used. Results. Overall, there were 52.4% females and 47.6% males, and 76.8% of them were aged <20 years. More than half of the participants (54.3%) had the habit of snacking in between regular meals. Among them, a large proportion (78.7%) did not have any specific timings for snacking. Also, 51.1% of the students were snacking while watching TV, and 31.9% of them snacked while studying. Breakfast was the most commonly skipped meal (26.2%); of those missing the breakfast regularly, 123 (71.9%) had poor snacking behaviour. A significantly larger proportion of males had a higher frequency of snacking per day (69.3% versus 57.2%, p<0.0001) and consumed aerated drinks more frequently (22.6% versus 15.8%, p=0.011), skipped meals more often (58.6% versus 50.6%, p=0.022), and preferred adding fruits in snacks (78.1% versus 69.4%, p=0.005). Snacking frequency was proportionately higher among students of private colleges (73.6%) than that in the government colleges (55.1%). Participants from nonscience stream, nonvegetarians, and those with a tendency to skip the regular meals had significantly higher levels of poor snacking behaviour. Conclusions. The study population had a high level of poor snacking behaviour. Appropriate measures are needed among younger people to follow fixed eating patterns and avoid skipping of regular meals.

scholarly journals Assessment of gadgets addiction and its impact on health among undergraduates

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind K. Kumar ◽  
Mayur S. Sherkhane
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
High Level

Background: Technology has made our youth the most vulnerable group among today’s population, because of their accessibility and addiction to newer gadgets, which are cheap and easily available. Society has always been worrying about the term ‘Drug Addiction’ of our youth but ‘Gadget Addiction’ is a more critical area of concern in the present era and is a threat to the social infrastructure in the future. Addiction is an irrepressible urge which is accompanied by loss of control leading to lower emotional intelligence indirectly deteriorating the academic and professional performance as well as hampering their family life leading to life threatening problems in future.Methods: Cross sectional study was done among 200 undergraduates using predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Gadget dependency was analysed using 5-point Likert-scale. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test was used for analysing the data collected.Results: 71% belonged to 21-24 years age group. 73.5% were males and 43.5% belonged to class I socio-economic status and 70% had normal BMI. 72.5% of subjects had first gadget at 16-20 years and 90.5% were using smart-phones as a common gadget, of them, 50.2% were using for more than 7 hours a day. 61% had difficulty in day to day work performance. Females were more prone compared to males (p=0.008).Conclusions: High level of dependency was present with gadget addiction. Health action to be taken in form of counselling about the pros and cons in the early phase can prevent future complications. 

scholarly journals Coping with COVID-19 in an international border region: health and economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinaldo Antonio Silva-Sobrinho ◽  
Adriana Zilly ◽  
Rosane Meire Munhak da Silva ◽  
Marcos Augusto Moraes Arcoverde ◽  
Enrique Jorge Deschutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
International Border

Objective: to analyze how the social isolation measures and closed borders affected the health and economy in an international border region. Method: descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the western region of Paraná, Brazil, using an electronic form created using Google® forms. A sample of 2,510 people was addressed. Descriptive analysis and the Chi-square test were performed, with a level of significance established at 5%. This public opinion survey, addressing unidentified participants, is in accordance with Resolutions 466/2012 and 510/2016. Results: the participants were 41.5 years old on average, most were women and worked in the education sector; 41.9% reported that the closing of borders/commercial businesses negatively influenced income; 17.7% reported the possibility of losing their jobs; 89.0% consider that a larger number of people would be sick if the borders/commercial had not been closed; 63.7% believe the health services are not prepared to deal with the pandemic; 74.9% realize that the Brazilian Unified Health System may not have sufficient service capacity; 63.4% reported anxiety; and 75.6% of commercial workers will experience changes in their income level. Conclusion: the closing of international borders and commercial businesses was related to a perception of physical and mental changes, job loss, and decreased income.

scholarly journals Violence against women before and during gestation: differences in prevalence rates and perpetrators

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-501
Author(s):  
Marizélia Rodrigues Costa Ribeiro ◽  
Bianca Portela Teles Pessoa ◽  
Galvani Ascar Sauaia ◽  
Lilia Blima Schraiber ◽  
Rejane Christine de Sousa Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Objectives: to analyze differences in prevalence and perpetrators of violence against women before and during pregnancy. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1,446 pregnant women interviewed in 2010 and 2011 in the São Luís municipality (Brazil). Thirteen questions measured psychological, physical and sexual violence in the 12 months before and during pregnancy. Psychological/physical/sexual violence was defined as any type of violence perpetrated against the interviewees. The perpetrators were categorized into intimate partner, other family members, community members, and multiple perpetrators. Differences between violence before and during pregnancy were analyzed by the chi-square test. Results: psychological/physical/sexual and psychological violence were more prevalent during pregnancy than before gestation (p<0.001). Insults, humiliation and intimidation (p<0.05) were more frequently reported during pregnancy. An intimate partner was the most frequent perpetrator. There were no differences in the percentage of moderate and severe forms of physical violence and sexual violence, recurrence of aggressions and perpetrators in both periods (p>0.05). Conclusions: gestation did not protect users of prenatal services in São Luís municipality from psychological, physical and sexual violence. Psychological/physical/sexual and psychological violence were more commonly practiced during pregnancy. The perpetrators of violence in the year before gestation continued to abuse the interviewees during pregnancy

scholarly journals Frequency of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Its Patterns in Families of Children with OCD in Rafsanjan, 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Agha Mohammad Hasani ◽  
Mohammadreza Mokhtaree ◽  
Mohammad Nazer ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Level Of Significance

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the common psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents that can be created by both genetic and environmental factors. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of OCD and its patterns in families with OCD children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 95 children and adolescents with OCD who were referred to the Psychology Clinic of Rafsanjan, Iran, in 2016 were enrolled by a convenience sampling method. The research tool was an obsessive-compulsive questionnaire (children form), and interviews were also carried out with the patients to find the deterioration of the symptoms in them and/or their families. Data were presented and analyzed by mean ± SD, frequency, and Chi-square test. The level of significance was 0.05. Results: The highest frequency of OCD patterns was washing, Checking, and doubt. 36.7% of fathers and 56.1% of mothers had one of obsessive-compulsive disorder patterns. Meanwhile, the most common pattern observed in the parents was cleaning. In total, 79.6% of the paternal families and 87.7% of the maternal families of the patients had OCD. Moreover, a significant relationship was observed in the levels of OCD between children and mothers (P = 0.027), whereas no significant association was detected between the OCD of children and that of their parents. Conclusions: Family history (especially maternal family) plays a significant role in OCD development, which is indicative of the transmission pattern of multifactorial traits, while the heritability of OCD is still not determined.

scholarly journals Awareness of Forensic Odontology among Dental Students, Academicians, and Dental Practitioners in Gujarat: A Questionnaire Based, Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Jayasankar P. Pillai ◽  
Sonam Rambia ◽  
Thamarai Selvan Chokkalingam ◽  
Balamurugan Asaithambi
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Postgraduate Level ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dental Evidence ◽  
Level Of Significance

Aim: This survey aimed to evaluate the awareness of forensic odontology (FO) subject among dental students, dental academicians (DAs), and dental practitioners (DPs) in Gujarat state. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire sheet containing 14 questions was answered by 607 participants consisting of dental students, DAs, and DPs in Gujarat. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the responses, and the results were presented as frequencies and percentages. The Chi‑square test was used to compare the responses among the groups, and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 607 participants answered the questionnaire form. Out of 212 UG students, 175 (82.5%) were aware of the FO branch and 181 (85.4%) agreed to FO as a promising field in dentistry. The majority of the undergraduate (UG) students agreed that FO should be taught as a separate subject at UG and postgraduate level. The majority of the participants (95.7%) agreed that dental evidence plays an important role in forensic cases. Nearly 80% of the respondents agreed for a separate PG course in FO and around 37% of them opted for MDS course in FO. Bitemark analysis and dental age estimations were considered the promising domains in FO by >80% of the participants. Conclusion: This questionnaire study was performed to analyze the awareness of FO among dental students, DPs, and DAs. The majority of the study participants were aware of FO. A thorough review of the literature on a similar topic was also done.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pain related to schoolbag carriage in adolescents

2000 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
F. Wadee ◽  
C. Barker ◽  
M. J. Lea ◽  
M. Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Perceived Weight ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
High Level

Study design: A descriptive qualitative and quantitative cross sectional study design was chosen.Objective: To investigate the prevalence of lower back, neck, and shoulder pain in 13 to 15 year old scholars in Pretoria, South Africa, and how it related to methods of school bag carriage and perceived weight of school bags.Summary of background data: Unilateral loading has been linked to scoliotic type curves in the adolescent spine. More recent studies have also found that the weight of school bags may be related to the experience of pain, but very little research has been done on the prevalence of this pain.Methods and materials: A stratified random sample of nine schools was drawn from a total of 98 schools in the Pretoria District of the Gauteng Department of Education. The sample of 250 Grade 8 and 9 scholars was randomly selected. A questionnaire of open and closed ended questions was administered with five main sections, namely: demographics, method of carrying school bag, perceived school bag weight, areas of experienced pain, and awareness of adverse postural effects of carrying a school bag.Results: Thirty two percent of the sample reported pain either in the lower back, neck and/or shoulders. Principle Component Analysis and Chi-square tests showed no relationship between how the school bag was carried (over one/two shoulders; in one hand; swopping sides) and scholars’ reports of pain. A high level of significance (0.001 <p<0.042) was found when perceived bag weight was compared to the scholars’ reports of pain.Conclusion: Scholars in the Pretoria area present with a 32% prevalence of pain in the lower back, neck and/or shoulders. This is strongly correlated with the perceived weight of their school bags, regardless of how the school bag is carried.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption among adolescents:

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Flávia Granville-Garcia ◽  
Marayza Alves Clementino ◽  
Monalisa da Nóbrega Cesarino Gomes ◽  
Ramon Targino Firmino ◽  
Gabriella Lima Arrais Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance

The scope of this paper is to assess the attitudes and behaviors regarding alcohol use and analyze associated factors among schoolchildren in public schools of Campina Grande in the state of Paraíba. A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 574 adolescents, with the application of a semi-structured questionnaire. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used (5% level of significance). Among the adolescents 54.5% had drunk alcohol and 6.7% of them were heavy drinkers. The majority of them drank alcohol between 11 and 14 years of age (42.8%); 26.3% of the adolescents purchased alcoholic beverages; and beer was the most drink most consumed (43.8%). The risk of alcohol drinking was higher between 16 and 19 years of age (OR = 4.44; p < 0.001), among those without religious affiliation (OR = 4.36; p = 0.002), among those who worked (OR = 2.13; p = 0.012) and among those who had a fair to poor relationship with their father (OR = 2.18; p = 0.010). The results of this study underscore the complexity of this issue and the need to pay particular attention to the adolescent population. Public policies alone are not sufficient. Support from family, school and society is essential to curtail early alcohol use and its consequences.

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