scholarly journals Change on Blood Coagulation, Platelet Function and Fibrinolysis in Diabetes Mellitus - Preliminary Report

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Giustolisi ◽  
R. Musso ◽  
T. Lombardo ◽  
M. Russoand ◽  
E. Cacciola
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Platelet Adhesiveness ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Protamine Sulphate ◽  
At Iii

Some coagulation aspects are studied in diabetes mellitus because this dismetabo-lic disease represents a “high risk factor” of predisposition leading to classical lesions of the vascular wall and thrombosis. Were studied 24 diabetic patients between 16 and 68 years old and 14 healthy subjects. Tests performed are followed: partial thromboplastyn time(PTT), plasma coagulation time RVV(RVV-T), antithrombin III(At-III), alpha2macroglobulin(a2M), fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products(FDP), ethanol gelation(EG) and protamine sulphate(PS), euglobulin lysis time(ELT), platelet adhesiveness to glass(PAG), platelet adhesiveness in vivo (PAV), platelet factor-3 availability(PF-3), platelet aggregation by ristocetin 1, 2-1, 5-1, 8 mg/ml(RIPA),Diabetics showed a fall in At-III, increase a2M, a significant decrease ELT and increase FDP with often positivity EG. We also noted a shortening of PTT, PF-3 rate and RVV-T. In vitro platelets adhesiveness rises more than it does in vivo. Besides the PPP from diabetics increased the control subjects PAG. The RIPA is increased. Our findings showed, therefore, in diabetic patients a thrombophilic pattern by blood hypercoagulability and fibrinolytic activity decreased.

scholarly journals The Functionality of Endothelial-Colony-Forming Cells from Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1731
Author(s):  
Caomhán J. Lyons ◽  
Timothy O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Angiogenic Potential ◽  
Endothelial Colony Forming Cells ◽  
Allogeneic Cell Therapy ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Pre Treatment

Endothelial-colony-forming cells (ECFCs) are a population of progenitor cells which have demonstrated promising angiogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo. However, ECFCs from diabetic patients have been shown to be dysfunctional compared to ECFCs from healthy donors. Diabetes mellitus itself presents with many vascular co-morbidities and it has been hypothesized that ECFCs may be a potential cell therapy option to promote revascularisation in these disorders. While an allogeneic cell therapy approach would offer the potential of an ‘off the shelf’ therapeutic product, to date little research has been carried out on umbilical cord-ECFCs in diabetic models. Alternatively, autologous cell therapy using peripheral blood-ECFCs allows the development of a personalised therapeutic approach to medicine; however, autologous diabetic ECFCs are dysfunctional and need to be repaired so they can effectively treat diabetic co-morbidities. Many different groups have modified autologous diabetic ECFCs to improve their function using a variety of methods including pre-treatment with different factors or with genetic modification. While the in vitro and in vivo data from the literature is promising, no ECFC therapy has proceeded to clinical trials to date, indicating that more research is needed for a potential ECFC therapy in the future to treat diabetic complications.

Functional Studies of Young Versus Old Platelets in a Patient With Chronic Thrombocytopenia

Blood ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE A. JOHNSON ◽  
CHARLES F. ABILDGAARD ◽  
IRVING SCHULMAN
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Platelet Adhesiveness ◽  
Plasma Transfusion ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Normal Platelet ◽  
Test Cells

Abstract Results of a comparative study of the functional capacity of young versus old platelets are presented. A girl with thrombopoietin deficiency, who predictably produced platelets in response to plasma transfusion, was used as platelet donor. Her platelets obtained 4 days after infusion were used as young test cells. Platelets obtained at 18 or 21 days after infusion were used as old cells. Young platelets were found to be associated with normal bleeding times, normal clot retraction, normal or increased platelet adhesiveness, normal aggregation to ADP and collagen, and normal platelet factor 3 availability. Old platelets were found to be associated with long bleeding times, decreased platelet adhesiveness in vivo and in vitro, and deficient platelet factor 3 availability. The clot retraction and aggregation to ADP and collagen of old platelets, however, was normal. No differences between young and old platelets were observed by electron microscopy.

Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) And β-Thromboglobulin (BTG) In Atherosclerosis And Diabetes Mellitus

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
F J Kazmier ◽  
E J W Bowie ◽  
W M O’Fallon ◽  
P J Palumbo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Occlusive Arterial Disease ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Distinguishing between in vitro and in vivo release of platelet specific proteins has led to problems in interpretation of clinical studies with PF4, and with BTG.As part of a prospective study of peripheral occlusive arterial disease in diabetes mellitus PF4 and BTG were measured together by specific radioimmunoassay in four groups of subjects age 50-70 years. Groups included (1) 106 normal subjects (NC); (2) 126 with clinical and objective evidence (transcutaneous doppler ultrasound and treadmill exercise) of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (ASO); (3) 244 with diabetes mellitus without ASO and (4) 101 with both diabetes mellitus and ASO.PF4 did not distinguish among the four groups: NC vs ASO p=. 18, NC vs DM p=.52, NC vs DM+ASO p=.73, NC vs all diabetics p=.61, and NC vs all ASO p=.46. However, BTG did distinguish the groups with vascular disease from NC: NC vs ASO p=.02, NC vs DM+ASO p<.001, NC vs DM p=.32, DM vs DM+ASO p<.01, all ASO vs all nonASO p<.001.Normal range for PF4 is 0-13 ng/ml with a median of 3.0 ng/ml, a mean of 3.0 ng/ml, and SD 1.97. Normal range for BTG is 14-46 ng/ml with a median of 26 ng/ml, a mean of 27.2 ng/ml, and SD 10.3. When PF4 and BTG are correlated (all groups included) r=.41 p<.001.PF4 and BTG levels should be performed together. When done together low PF4 levels support the absence of in vitro platelet release due to sample collection and handling. BTG levels are significantly increased in subjects with peripheral arterial disease, supporting the active role of platelets in thrombotic occlusive arterial disease.

scholarly journals Efficacy, safety and phytochemistry of medicinal plants used for the management of diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serawit Deyno ◽  
Kassahun Eneyew ◽  
Sisay Seyfe ◽  
Elias Wondim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Abstract Background Despite tremendous developments in synthetic medicine, medicinal plants are still commonly used for the management of diabetes mellitus. This study synthesized scientific evidence on commonly used medicinal plants for the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Ethiopia. Methods Databases (PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL and Google Scholar) have been thoroughly sought and evidence was synthesized. Results Thirty studies conducted anti-diabetic activities studies on 19 medicinal plants in Ethiopia. Most of the studies were in vivo studies (25). Others include; clinical study (1), in vitro studies (2), and both in vivo and in vitro study (2). Trigonella foenum-graecum L., clinical study, showed an improved lipid profile in type II diabetic patients. Comparable blood sugar level (BSL) lowering effect to glibenclimide was observed with Persea Americana and Moringa stenopetala. Noteworthy in vitro half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of Aloe megalacantha B and Aloe monticola R were observed. Animal model studies demonstrated the relative safety of the plants extract and phytochemistry studies showed various components. Conclusion Medicinal plants used for management of diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia are worthy for further study for pharmacologically active ingredients and clinical evaluation.

scholarly journals Implications of Dietary Vegetables on Glycemic Control- A Mechanistic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1130-1139
Author(s):  
Syed Sagheer Ahmed ◽  
Rupesh Kumar M ◽  
Rajesh Kowti ◽  
Ramesh B
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Dietary Fibres ◽  
The People

The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing day by day. Despite using synthetic anti-diabetic agents, diabetic patients must modify their lifestyle, including routine diet. Vegetables are the adequate source of vitamins, dietary fibres, minerals and Phytoconstituents. Use of vegetables is growing among the people as a part of the diet. They, with their antioxidant properties, can maintain good health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Besides, they contain many dietary fibres that are anti-diabetic. The constituents present in these vegetables help to reduce blood glucose level through several mechanisms such as alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition, Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibition, enhancing the expression of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma (PPAR) γ and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). Therefore the people must consume such vegetables with the proper knowledge to control diabetes mellitus and its complications. Hence the present review focuses on summarizing in vitro and in vivo  anti-diabetic activity of most common dietary vegetables.

Studies on the Molecular Pathology and Pathogenesis of Bleeding in Severe Fibrinolytic States in Dogs

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 069-086 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Kowalski ◽  
A. Z Budzynski ◽  
Maria Kopec ◽  
Z. S Latallo ◽  
B Lipinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Pathology ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Close Similarity ◽  
Platelet Adhesiveness ◽  
Plasma Medium ◽  
Fibrinogen Degradation Products ◽  
Fibrin Monomer

Summary1. In the course of fibrinogen digestion by plasmin in a plasma medium in vitro “early” and “late” fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) are formed.2. The formation of the early FDP is correlated with the appearance of the “peak”, e.g. the highest plasma anticlotting activity. This activity after further FDP digestion with plasmin and formation of late FDP attains lower “plateau” values.3. A similar effect is observed after SKP1 infusion into dogs.4. The close similarity between the course of in vitro and in vivo digestion of fibrinogen allows to conclude that, as has been shown in purified systems, early FDP act predominantly as inhibitors of thrombin-fibrinogen reaction, whereas late FDP are responsible for the inhibition of fibrin monomer polymerization.5. Methods for identification and differentation of circulating FDP are described.6. The appearance of early FDP circulating in blood is correlated with the most pronounced prolongation of the bleeding time and with prof used bleeding.7. It has been shown that circulating FDP interference with platelet adhesiveness, aggregation and viscous metamorphosis, the effect of early FDP being more pronounced than that of late FDP.8. A concept is put forward according to which bleeding in plasma proteolytic states is due to the impairment of hemostatic function of platelets by FDP.

Abstract 460: Characterization of Glycated Albumin Isolated From Poorly Controlled Diabetic Patients and Its Role in Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Machado-Lima ◽  
Erika R Oliveira ◽  
Rodrigo T Iborra ◽  
Gabriela Castilho ◽  
Edna R Nakandakare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Maldi Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux

Advanced glycation end products (AGE) are elevated in diabetes mellitus (DM) and predict the development of atherosclerosis. In vitro produced AGE-albumin induces oxidative stress that is linked to the reduction in ABCA-1 levels and cholesterol efflux mediated by apo A-I and HDL-subfractions, leading to macrophage cholesterol accumulation. We characterized the glycation level/profile of human serum albumin (HSA) isolated by fast protein liquid chromatography from poorly controlled type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) diabetes mellitus patients (HbA1c > 8%) in comparison to control (C) individuals, and how these AGE-albumin can interfere in macrophage lipid accumulation. The glycation level of HSA from C, DM1 and DM2 was analyzed by MALDI mass spectrometry and was similar between DM1 and DM2-HSA. An increased mean mass was observed in DM1-HSA (68,544 ± 192 Da; n=6) and DM2-HSA (68,547 ± 132 Da; n=6) compared to C-HSA (67,846 ± 301 Da; n=6), reflecting the condensation of at least 8 and 5 units of glucose, respectively. The tryptic digestion of C-HSA generated a number of peptide species higher than those originated from DM1 and DM2-HSA. Macrophages isolated from peritoneal wild-type mice were treated for 18 h with C, DM1 or DM2-HSA in order to measure the 14C-cholesterol efflux and the mRNA expression of NOX-4 (NADPHoxidase4), ABCA-1 (Abca1) and ABCG-1 (Abcg1). Data were compared by one-way ANOVA and Dunnet′s post test. In comparison to cells treated with C-HSA the expression of NADPHoxidase4 (p<0.05; n=3) mRNA was increased after cell treatment with DM1 (3.2x) and DM2-HSA (0.7x), confirming oxidative stress. Abcg1 mRNA was reduced by DM2-HSA (26%; p<0.05; n=3); Abca1 mRNA was unchanged but ABCA-1 protein content was greatly reduced (82 and 25%, respectively in DM1 and DM2-HAS; p<0.05; n=12). The % of apo A-I mediated cholesterol efflux was impaired in DM1 (1.3 ± 0.3) and DM2-HSA-treated cells (2.4 ± 0.5) as compared to C-HSA (4.4 ± 0.5; n= 5; p<0.05). The level of advanced glycation that takes place in vivo was similar between DM1 and DM2-HSA and induced macrophage oxidative stress and impairment in cholesterol efflux that may contribute to atherogenesis in DM. Funding: FAPESP, Brazil (2012/19112-0)

scholarly journals The influence of natural dicarbonils on the antioxidant enzymes activity in vitro and in vivo

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.Z. Lankin ◽  
G.G. Konovalova ◽  
A.K. Tikhaze ◽  
L.V. Nedosugova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Carbonyl Stress ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Liver Glutathione ◽  
Bovine Erythrocytes

Natural dicarbonyls, which may be accumulated during oxidative stress in atherosclerosis (e.g. malondialdehyde) or carbonyl stress in diabetes mellitus (glyoxal and methylglyoxal) effectively inhibited the activities of commercial preparations of antioxidant enzymes: catalase, Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) and Se-contained glutathione peroxidase from human and bovine erythrocytes and also rat liver glutathione-S-transferase. After incubation of human erythrocytes with 10 mM of each investigated dicarbonyls the decrease of intracellular Cu,Zn-SOD was observed. The decreased activity of erythrocyte Cu,Zn-SOD was also detected in diabetic patients with carbohydrate metabolism disturbance but effective sugar-lowered therapy was accompanied by the increase of this enzyme activity. The increase of erythrocytes activity of Cu,Zn-SOD of diabetic patients theated with metformin (which may utilize methylglyoxal) was higher than in erythrocytase of diabetic patients subjected to traditional therapy.

Platelet Factor 4, β-Thromboglobulin and Thrombospondin Levels in Type I Diabetes Mellitus Patients

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bayraktar ◽  
S Dündar ◽  
S Kirazli ◽  
F Teletar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Platelet Factor 4 ◽  
Type I Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Release Reaction

The proteins β-thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4 and thrombospondin are stored in platelet α-granules and released from the platelet by the release reaction. The assays of these proteins were studied in patients with type I diabetes mellitus ( n = 30) and a healthy control group ( n = 15). Platelet factor 4 and β-thromboglobulin levels were not significantly different in both groups but thrombospondin concentrations in diabetic patients were significantly higher than those of the control group (136.6 ± 14.2 ng/ml vs 91.2 ± 14.3 ng/ml, P < 0.05). When the diabetic patients were divided into those with or without complications, the diabetic patients with complications ( n = 11) had significantly elevated plasma thrombospondin concentrations compared with the control group (150.4 ± 23.7 ng/ml vs 91.2 ± 14.3 ng/ml, P < 0.05), while thrombospondin concentrations in the control group were not statistically different from the diabetic patients without complications. Plasma β-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 levels were not significantly different between the diabetic and the control group. It is suggested that thrombospondin may be a convenient marker of in vivo platelet release reaction.

Comparison of High Purity Factor IX Concentrates and a Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in a Canine Model of Thrombogenicity

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R MacGregor ◽  
J M Ferguson ◽  
L F McLaughlin ◽  
T Burnouf ◽  
C V Prowse
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Albumin Infusion

SummaryA non-stasis canine model of thrombogenicity has been used to evaluate batches of high purity factor IX concentrates from 4 manufacturers and a conventional prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were monitored before and after infusion of concentrate. Changes in FPA were found to be the most sensitive and reproducible indicator of thrombogenicity after infusion of batches of the PCC at doses of between 60 and 180 IU/kg, with a dose related delayed increase in FPA occurring. Total FPA generated after 100-120 IU/kg of 3 batches of PCC over the 3 h time course was 9-12 times that generated after albumin infusion. In contrast the amounts of FPA generated after 200 IU/kg of the 4 high purity factor IX products were in all cases similar to albumin infusion. It was noted that some batches of high purity concentrates had short NAPTTs indicating that current in vitro tests for potential thrombogenicity may be misleading in predicting the effects of these concentrates in vivo.

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