scholarly journals Lung and Abdominal Biopsies in the Age of Precision Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Dalag ◽  
Jonathan K. Fergus ◽  
Steven M. Zangan
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Recurrent Disease ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Tissue Acquisition ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
Pathologic Analysis

AbstractImage-guided percutaneous needle biopsies (PNBs) are one of the most common procedures performed in radiology departments today. Rapid developments in precision medicine, which identifies molecular and genomic biomarkers in cancers, have ushered a new paradigm of oncologic workup and treatment. PNB has conventionally been used to establish a benign or malignant nature of a lesion during initial diagnosis or in suspected metastatic or recurrent disease. However, increasing amounts of tissue are being required to meet the demands of molecular pathologic analysis, which are now being sought at multiple time points during the course of the disease to guide targeted therapy. As primary providers of biopsy, radiologists must be proactive in these developments to improve diagnostic yield and tissue acquisition in PNB. Herein, we discuss the important and expanding role of PNB in the age of precision medicine and review the technical considerations of percutaneous lung and intra-abdominal biopsy. Finally, we examine promising state-of-the-art techniques in PNB that may safely increase tissue acquisition for optimal molecular pathologic analysis.

THE ROLE OF MEMORY PERSPECTIVE IN SOCIAL PHOBIA: IMMEDIATE AND DELAYED MEMORIES FOR ROLE-PLAYED SITUATIONS

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith E. Coles ◽  
Cynthia L. Turk ◽  
Richard G. Heimberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Phobia ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Models ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
Memory Perspective ◽  
Field Perspective

Cognitive-behavioral models (Clark & Wells, 1995; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997) and recent research suggest that individuals with social phobia (SP) experience both images (Hackmann, Surawy, & Clark, 1998) and memories (Coles, Turk, Heimberg, & Fresco, 2001; Wells, Clark, & Ahmad, 1998) of anxiety-producing social situations from an observer perspective. The current study examines memory perspective for two role-played situations (speech and social interaction) at multiple time points (immediate and 3 weeks post) in 22 individuals with generalized SP and 30 non-anxious controls (NACs). At both time points, SPs recalled the role-plays from a more observer/less field perspective than did NACs. Further, over time, the memory perspective of SPs became even more observer/less field while the memory perspective of NAC remained relatively stable.

scholarly journals Studies overestimate the extent of circadian rhythm reprogramming in response to dietary and genetic changes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Pelikan ◽  
Hanspeter Herzel ◽  
Achim Kramer ◽  
Bharath Ananthasubramaniam
Keyword(s):  
R Package ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Venn Diagram ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
Diagram Analysis

AbstractThe circadian clock modulates key physiological processes in many organisms. This widespread role of circadian rhythms is typically characterized at the molecular level by profiling the transcriptome at multiple time points. Subsequent analysis identifies transcripts with altered rhythms between control and perturbed conditions, i.e., are differentially rhythmic (DiffR). Commonly, Venn Diagram analysis (VDA) compares lists of rhythmic transcripts to catalog transcripts with rhythms in both conditions or have gained or lost rhythms. However, unavoidable errors in the rhythmicity detection propagate to the final DiffR classification resulting in overestimated DiffR. We show using artificial experiments constructed from biological data that VDA indeed produces excessive false DiffR hits both in the presence and absence of true DiffR transcripts. We present a hypothesis testing and a model selection approaches in an R-package compareRhythms that instead compare circadian amplitude and phase of transcripts between the two conditions. These methods identify transcripts with ‘gain’, ‘loss’, ‘change’ or have the ‘same’ rhythms; the third category is missed by VDA. We reanalyzed three studies on the interplay between metabolism and the clock in the mouse liver that used VDA. We found not only fewer DiffR transcripts than originally reported, but VDA overlooked many relevant DiffR transcripts. Our analyses confirmed some and contradicted other conclusions in the original studies and also generated novel hypotheses. Our insights also generalize easily to studies using other -omics technologies. We trust that avoiding Venn Diagrams and using our R-package will contribute to improved reproducibility in chronobiology.

scholarly journals Modelling Neuromuscular Diseases in the Age of Precision Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Alfina A. Speciale ◽  
Ruth Ellerington ◽  
Thomas Goedert ◽  
Carlo Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Current State ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Clinical Phenotyping

Advances in knowledge resulting from the sequencing of the human genome, coupled with technological developments and a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms of pathogenesis are paving the way for a growing role of precision medicine in the treatment of a number of human conditions. The goal of precision medicine is to identify and deliver effective therapeutic approaches based on patients’ genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. With the exception of cancer, neurological diseases provide the most promising opportunity to achieve treatment personalisation, mainly because of accelerated progress in gene discovery, deep clinical phenotyping, and biomarker availability. Developing reproducible, predictable and reliable disease models will be key to the rapid delivery of the anticipated benefits of precision medicine. Here we summarize the current state of the art of preclinical models for neuromuscular diseases, with particular focus on their use and limitations to predict safety and efficacy treatment outcomes in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Evaluation Of The Diagnostic Value Of Electromagnetic Navigational Guided Targeted-Bronchoalveolar Lavage In The Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ismael Matus ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Electromagnetic Navigation ◽  
Diagnostic Bronchoscopy ◽  
Tissue Acquisition ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer ◽  
The Ideal

Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy (ENB) is recommended for the evaluation of Peripheral Pulmonary Nodules (PPNs). Current diagnostic bronchoscopy and pulmonary nodule evaluation guidelines do not establish recommendations regarding the role of individual tissue acquisition techniques, the ideal combination or sequence of executing them to optimize diagnostic yield.

scholarly journals MIR31 May Mediate Multiple Biology Processes To Promote Vocal Fold Wound Healing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haizhou Wang ◽  
Wen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Collagen Production ◽  
Keratinocyte Proliferation ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the role of MIR31 in vocal fold wound healing (VFWH) and its possible mechanism. MIR31 expression was studied in rat vocal fold tissue at multiple time points (1, 4, and 8 weeks) after vocal fold injury. Co-expression analysis, pathway analysis, and literature-based network analysis were conducted to explore the possible mechanism underlying the relationship between MIR31 and VFWH. MIR31 expression was significantly elevated after vocal fold injury (p<5.65e-5), which also presented decreased expression in the late stage of VFWH process compared to the early and middle stages (p<5.40e-3). MIR31 also presented strong co-expression with 17 VFWH-significant genes (absolute value of ROH∈(0.63, 0.83)), which were mainly involved in collagen production. Literature-based network analysis showed that MIR31 could suppress two inhibitors (gene SMAD1 and HDAC2) of wound healing and activate one promoter (adenosine triphosphate). MIR31 could also mediate multiple biology processes that were associated with wound healing, including keratinocyte proliferation, collagen production, and inflammation. This study supports a strong association between MIR31 and the process of vocal fold wound healing, which may be related to collagen synthesis and other biological processes that need further study.

INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN AKIDAH AKHLAK MENGGUNAKAN METODE ROLE PLAY DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Ansori Ansori
Keyword(s):  
Data Reduction ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Flexible Schedule ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Real Action

The use of various methods will greatly help students in achieving learning goals. As role play method is one way mastery of learning materials through the development of imagination and appreciation of students on learning materials. Data collection techniques in this study are observation, interviews, and documentation. To analyze the data in this research using data analysis technique of Miles and Huberman model that is data reduction (Data Reduction), data presentation (Data Display) and conclusion (Conclution Drawing / verification) The findings in this research is innovation of role play method can change paradigm to the new paradigm so that the role of the teacher is more as a facilitator, counselor, consultant, and comrade study Flexible schedule, open as needed Learning directed by students themselves Problem-based, project, real world, real action, and reflection Design and investigation. Computers as tools, and dynamic media presentations.

Expanding the Role of N-of-1 Trials in the Precision Medicine Era: Action Priorities and Practical Considerations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina W. Davidson ◽  
Ying Kuen Cheung ◽  
Thomas McGinn ◽  
Y. Claire Wang
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine

Enzyme-Instructed Self-assembly in Biological Milieu for Theranostics Purpose

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1351-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhentao Huang ◽  
Qingxin Yao ◽  
Simin Wei ◽  
Jiali Chen ◽  
Yuan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Enzymatic Conversion ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biological Milieu

Precision medicine is in an urgent need for public healthcare. Among the past several decades, the flourishing development in nanotechnology significantly advances the realization of precision nanomedicine. Comparing to well-documented nanoparticlebased strategy, in this review, we focus on the strategy using enzyme instructed selfassembly (EISA) in biological milieu for theranostics purpose. In principle, the design of small molecules for EISA requires two aspects: (1) the substrate of enzyme of interest; and (2) self-assembly potency after enzymatic conversion. This strategy has shown its irreplaceable advantages in nanomedicne, specifically for cancer treatments and Vaccine Adjuvants. Interestingly, all the reported examples rely on only one kind of enzymehydrolase. Therefore, we envision that the application of EISA strategy just begins and will lead to a new paradigm in nanomedicine.

Coinage and the Tributary Mode of Production

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Manzano Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Role ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Mode Of Production

This chapter addresses a very simple question: is it possible to frame coinage in the Early Middle Ages? The answer will be certainly yes, but will also acknowledge that we lack considerable amounts of relevant data potentially available through state-of-the-art methodologies. One problem is, though, that many times we do not really know the relevant questions we can pose on coins; another is that we still have not figured out the social role of coinage in the aftermath of the Roman Empire. This chapter shows a number of things that could only be known thanks to the analysis of coins. And as its title suggests it will also include some reflections on greed and generosity.

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