scholarly journals Proposal of Research Model for the Detection of COVID-19 among Asymptomatic Carriers

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. e376-e378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Babu Rajendra Santosh ◽  
Kandamaran Krishnamurthy ◽  
Venkat Ramana Reddy Baddam
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriers ◽  
Global Health Care ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic and rapidly progressing infectious disease that represents a global health care emergency due to severe acute respiratory syndrome. Rapid tests detect antigen or antibody presence, which is useful for patient care and for assisting in disease surveillance and epidemiological research. The complicating aspect of the COVID-19 spread may be due to asymptomatic individuals. Unfortunately, asymptomatic individuals are not detected in the early stages of infection, which could help to prevent community spread. The present paper shares an opinion through the proposal of a research model for detecting COVID-19 among asymptomatic carriers.

scholarly journals Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Exhibit Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Serological Responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-223
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Fraser ◽  
Gediminas Cepinskas ◽  
Marat Slessarev ◽  
Claudio M. Martin ◽  
Mark Daley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Global Health Care ◽  
Body Mass Indexes

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global health care emergency. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological profiling of critically ill COVID-19 patients was performed to determine their humoral response. Blood was collected from critically ill ICU patients, either COVID-19 positive (+) or COVID-19 negative (−), to measure anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins: IgM; IgA; IgG; and Total Ig (combined IgM/IgA/IgG). Cohorts were similar, with the exception that COVID-19+ patients had a greater body mass indexes, developed bilateral pneumonias more frequently and suffered increased hypoxia when compared to COVID-19- patients (p < 0.05). The mortality rate for COVID-19+ patients was 50%. COVID-19 status could be determined by anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological responses with excellent classification accuracies on ICU day 1 (89%); ICU day 3 (96%); and ICU days 7 and 10 (100%). The importance of each Ig isotype for determining COVID-19 status on combined ICU days 1 and 3 was: Total Ig, 43%; IgM, 27%; IgA, 24% and IgG, 6%. Peak serological responses for each Ig isotype occurred on different ICU days (IgM day 13 > IgA day 17 > IgG persistently increased), with the Total Ig peaking at approximately ICU day 18. Those COVID-19+ patients who died had earlier or similar peaks in IgA and Total Ig in their ICU stay when compared to patients who survived (p < 0.005). Critically ill COVID-19 patients exhibit anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological responses, including those COVID-19 patients who ultimately died, suggesting that blunted serological responses did not contribute to mortality. Serological profiling of critically ill COVID-19 patients may aid disease surveillance, patient cohorting and help guide antibody therapies such as convalescent plasma.

scholarly journals The Syndemics and Structural Violence of the COVID Pandemic: Anthropological Insights on a Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-32
Author(s):  
Merrill Singer ◽  
Barbara Rylko-Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Medical Anthropology ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Global Health Care

AbstractThis paper examines the COVID-19 pandemic in light of two key concepts in medical anthropology: syndemics and structural violence. Following a discussion of the nature of these two concepts, the paper addresses the direct and associated literatures on the syndemic and structural violence features of the COVID pandemic, with a specific focus on: 1) the importance of local socioenvironmental conditions/demographics and disease configurations in creating varying local syndemic expressions; 2) the ways that the pandemic has exposed the grave weaknesses in global health care investment; and 3) how the syndemic nature of the pandemic reveals the rising rate of noncommunicable diseases and their potential for interaction with current and future infectious disease. The paper concludes with a discussion on the role of anthropology in responding to COVID-19 from a syndemics perspective.

scholarly journals Development of a Global Health Teaching Fellowship for Global Health Care Capacity Building

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Mimno ◽  
Natasha Anushri Anandaraja ◽  
Sigrid Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Global Health Care ◽  
Care Capacity ◽  
Health Teaching

Three Approaches to Global Health Care Justice: Rejecting the Positive/Negative Rights Distinction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. DeMartino ◽  
Jonathan D. Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
Basic Rights ◽  
Negative Rights ◽  
Global Health Care ◽  
Negative Duties ◽  
Health Care Justice ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter presents three cosmopolitan approaches to global health care justice: Thomas Pogge's negative duties based approach, Gillian Brock's minimal needs view, and Henry Shue's model of basic rights. While these approaches share a common focus on attempting to justify the existence of global duties to aid, held by the wealthy and owed to the global poor, each offers a distinct interpretation of why such duties exist and suggests a range of options for fulfilling them. Importantly, while the chapter argues that Shue's approach to global duties is the most effective of the three, it considers that they all offer important insight into the problem of global poverty and provide a variety of possible practical solutions to this problem.

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