scholarly journals Imaging Studies in Otosclerosis: An Up-to-date Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Resende Lucinda Mangia ◽  
Luiz Otávio de Mattos Coelho ◽  
Bettina Carvalho ◽  
Adriana Kosma Pires de Oliveira ◽  
Rogerio Hamerschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence ◽  
Acquired Hearing Loss ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Surgical Failure ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Prognostic Prediction

Abstract Introduction Otosclerosis is a primary osteodystrophy of the otic capsule, frequently responsible for acquired hearing loss in adults. Although the diagnostic value of imaging investigations in otosclerosis is debatable, they might still be employed with different goals within the context of the disease. Objectives The present paper aims to review the most recent literature on the use of imaging studies in otosclerosis for the most varied purposes, from routine application and differential diagnosis to prognostic prediction and investigation of surgical failure. Data Synthesis The diagnosis of otosclerosis is usually clinical, but computed tomography (CT) is paramount in particular cases for the differential diagnosis. The routine use, however, is not supported by strong evidence. Even so, there is growing evidence of the role of this method in surgical planning and prediction of postoperative prognosis. In specific scenarios, for example when superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) syndrome is suspected or in surgical failure, CT is crucial indeed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), however, has limited – although important – indications in the management of individuals with otosclerosis, especially in the evaluation of postoperative complications and in the follow-up of medical treatment in active ostosclerosis. Conclusion Imaging studies have a broad range of well-established indications in otosclerosis. Besides, although the routine use of CT remains controversial, the most recent papers have shed light into new potential benefits of imaging prior to surgery.

scholarly journals Imaging of larynx: Diagnostic value of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
R.M. Maksimovic ◽  
B.A. Banko ◽  
J.P. Milovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Regional Lymph Node ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are enabling more precise diagnosis and treatment planning in patients with diseases of the larynx. The aim of this article is to describe the role of these methods in assessment of the laringeal diseases and key local anatomic characteristics important for spread of the disease. CT and MRI have a valuable contribution to the staging of the tumors due to the possibility to show the relationship to the ventricular complex, involvement of the subumucosal spaces, defining craniocaudal and anterposterior extension, laringeal cartilage invasion, as well as regional lymph node metastases.

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in the analysis of ameloblastoma: report of two cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-431
Author(s):  
Neiandro Santos Galvão ◽  
Antonione Santos Bezerra Pinto ◽  
Alan Leandro Carvalho Farias ◽  
André Luiz Ferreira Costa ◽  
Sérgio Lúcio Pereira de Castro Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Intermediate Signal Intensity ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumor that shares clinical and imaging characteristics with other lesions of the jaws, such as odontogenic keratocyst, which makes the diagnosis difficult. However, in addition to radiographic and tomographic examinations, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been increasingly used, contributing with relevant additional information about the differentiation between solid and liquid components of the lesion. This case report was conducted to present two variations of ameloblastoma and discuss the radiographic, tomographic and MRI contribution in the differential diagnosis between ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst.The signal intensity in T1-weighted MRI revealed internal fluid content in both cases, which was important in the differential diagnosis with other intraosseous lesions such as odontogenic keratocysts. This is probably due to the presence of keratin that increases the viscosity of the content and also for an intermediate signal intensity signal in T2-weighted MRI. Therefore, MRI revealed important internal characteristics of the reported lesions, which was very useful in the establishment of the differential diagnosis with other lesions.

NEUROIMAGING FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF DEMENTIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1088-1094
Author(s):  
Л. Р. Ахмадеева ◽  
Д. Э. Байков ◽  
Р. Р. Валитова ◽  
Е. В. Екушева ◽  
В. Б. Войтенков ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
In Vivo Diagnosis

В результате совершенствования методов лабораторной диагностики и нейровизуализации стало возможным определение ряда биомаркеров, которые позволили улучшить прижизненную диагностику наиболее распространенных вариантов деменции (болезни Альцгеймера, деменции с тельцами Леви, сосудистой деменции). Структурные изменения, которые выявляются при МРТ головного мозга, являются значимыми для прогноза изменений в когнитивной сфере. Дополнительным доступным маркером, который повышает диагностическую значимость лейкоареоза и свидетельствует в пользу гипертонической микроангиопатии или церебральной амилоидной ангиопатии, является церебральное микрокровоизлияние, особенно в случаях тяжелого когнитивного дефицита и смешанной патологии. Приводится собственное наблюдение и данные цифровой гиппокампометрии как пример эффективного использования нейровизуализационных методов в дифференциальной диагностике деменции. Development of laboratory diagnosis and neuroimaging revealed some biomarkers for in vivo diagnosis of the most common forms of dementia (Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body dementia and vascular dementia) for their differential diagnosis. Structural changes found using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are significant for the prognosis of the cognitive decline. Cerebral microbleeds are an available adjuvant diagnostic marker, which increases the diagnostic value of leukoaraiosis that suggests the development of cerebral amyloid angiopathy or hypertensive microangiopathy, especially in cases of mixed causes of dementia and severe cognitive deficits. We describe our own clinical case and the results of digital voxel hippocampometry as an example of effective usage of neuroimaging for the differential diagnosis of dementia.

Role of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs in the Differential Diagnosis of Neoplastic Fevers versus Fevers of Infectious Etiology

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 211-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parrish G Rabon ◽  
Kim M Murray
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Nsaid Therapy ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Patient Morbidity ◽  
Neoplastic Fever ◽  
Infectious Etiology

Objective: To determine the role of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the differential diagnosis of neoplastic fevers versus fevers of infectious etiology and to recommend a therapeutic regimen as well as a suggested treatment duration of NSAID therapy to aid in this diagnosis. Data Sources: The English-language literature was searched using MEDLINE, Index Medicus, and bibliographic reviews of relevant textbooks and review articles. Conclusions: NSAIDs have induced dramatic antipyretic effects when administered to patients with cancer whose fevers are particularly disabling and often a major contributor to patient morbidity and mortality. When a fever persists after infection has been ruled out, an NSAID test may be of diagnostic value for a neoplastic fever. Naproxen, indomethacin, and diclofenac all have been studied and demonstrated efficacy. A reduction or cessation of a neoplastic fever can be expected within 24 hours after initiation of NSAID therapy. However, NSAID therapy should be continued for three days before cessation of therapy or a change to another NSAID is considered.

scholarly journals Morphometry MRI in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rômulo L Gama ◽  
Daniel F.G Távora ◽  
Rodrigo C Bomfim ◽  
Cruiff E Silva ◽  
Veralice M. de Bruin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Good Sensitivity ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Middle Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Parkinsonian Syndromes ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

This study evaluates the diagnostic value of morphometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the differential diagnosis among Parkinson's disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). We studied 21 PD cases, 11 MSA-c, 8 MSA-p and 20 PSP cases. Midbrain area (Ams), pons area (Apn), middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) and superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) were measured using MRI. Comparisons were made between PD, MSA-p, MSA-c and PSP. Apn, MCP and SCP morphometry dimensions presented differences among groups. Ams below 105 mm² and SCP smaller than 3 mmwere the most predictive measures of PSP (sensitivity 95.0 and 80.0%, respectively). For the group of MSA-c patients, Apn area below 315 mm² showed good specificity and positive predictive value (93.8% and 72.7%, respectively). In conclusion, dimensions and cut off values obtained from routine MRI can differentiate between PD, PSP and MSA-c with good sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.

Intestinal Pneumatosis in Which CT Colonography Was of Significant Diagnostic Value: Case Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-219
Author(s):  
Ryu Shimada ◽  
Tamuro Hayama ◽  
Norihito Yamazaki ◽  
Takuya Akahane ◽  
Atushi Horiuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Ct Colonography ◽  
Submucosal Tumor ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Ascending Colon ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Intestinal Pneumatosis ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Tumor Like Lesions

Abstract Intestinal pneumatosis refers to the presence of gas in the gastrointestinal wall. It is often difficult to clinically differentiate this condition from gastrointestinal perforation, sometimes resulting in emergency surgery. Imaging studies are important to establish the differential diagnosis. However, there have been few studies showing the efficacy of computed tomography (CT) colonography in diagnosing pneumatosis. We report a case of intestinal pneumatosis in which CT colonography was of significant diagnostic value. A 43-year-old man was referred to our hospital for a detailed investigation of multiple submucosal tumor-like lesions associated with multiple pneumatosis from the cecum to the ascending colon. These lesions were revealed by colonoscopy performed in another hospital on May 21, 2008. Abdominal 3-dimensional CT showed multiple pneumatic lesions from the cecum to the ascending colon, and the patient was diagnosed as having intestinal pneumatosis. The patient is being followed conservatively because he is asymptomatic.

scholarly journals Neurobiology of developmental dyslexia: Part 1: A review of evidence from autopsy and structural neuro-imaging studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Wajuihian
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Planum Temporale ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Structural Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Imaging Research ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Neuro Imaging

Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a language-based neurological disorder which impairs readingability but does not result from low intelligence,lack of motivation, sensory impairment, or inadequate instruction. Although the neurological basisof dyslexia has long been assumed, the exact natureof the altered brain structure associated with DD remains unknown and has been a subject of autopsyand neuro-imaging research.  Autopsy studies provide consistent evidence of symmetry of the planum temporale (PT), thalamus and cortical malformations, whereas results from structural imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are inconsistent. To address the possible etiology of DD, this paper reviews evidence from autopsy and structural imaging studies on developmental dyslexia and discusses possible methodological sources of some inconsistent results. The role of the optometrist in the multidisciplinary management of dyslexia is highlighted. (S Afr Optom 2011 70(4) 191-202)

Imaging Patterns of Muscle Atrophy

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Wolf ◽  
Mike Wattjes ◽  
Marc-André Weber
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Dystrophic Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mri ◽  
Muscle Involvement ◽  
Muscle Diseases ◽  
Surrogate Outcome ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractThe role of muscle imaging in the diagnosis of inherited and acquired muscle diseases has gained clinical relevance. In particular, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used for diagnostic purposes, especially with its capability of whole-body musculature assessment. The assessment and quantification of muscle involvement in muscle diseases can be of diagnostic value by identifying a certain involvement pattern and thus narrowing the differential diagnosis and supporting the clinical diagnosis. In addition, more recently the role of imaging has gone beyond diagnostic purposes and includes disease as well as treatment monitoring. Conventional and quantitative muscle MRI techniques allow for the detection of subclinical disease progression (e.g., in muscular dystrophies) and is a powerful surrogate outcome measure in clinical trials. We present and discuss recent data on the role of conventional and quantitative MRI in the diagnosis and monitoring of inherited dystrophic muscle diseases as well as muscle denervation.

scholarly journals The role of apraclonidine in Horner’s syndrome: A case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 312-314
Author(s):  
Jelena Karadzic ◽  
Igor Kovacevic ◽  
Jelena Ljikar
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Previous Medical History ◽  
Sympathetic Pathway

Introduction. Horner?s syndrome is an interruption of the sympathetic nervous system at any point along its course between the hypothalamus and the orbit. Horner?s syndrome is classically presented as an ipsilateral miosis, subtle ptosis, and facial anhidrosis. Pharmacologic testing is very useful in the diagnosis of Horner?s syndrome as it could help to localize the lesioned neuron in the sympathetic pathway, suggesting an etiology. Case Outline. We present a case report of a 41-year-old woman who reported right eyelid drooping immediately after operation of sympathetic chain schwannoma. We performed apraclonidine test for the diagnosis of Horner?s syndrome, which produced mydriasis on the affected eye, while there was no significant change of the normal eye. Based on the clinical presentation of anisocoria and one-sided ptosis, and previous medical history of surgical removal of the mediastinal tumor, the patient was diagnosed with a right-sided, partial Horner?s syndrome. Conclusion. Timely recognition, exact localization of the lesioned neuron, and referral for urgent imaging studies are important for ophthalmologists in order to prevent and treat life-threatening conditions. Besides its diagnostic value in Horner?s syndrome, topical apraclonidine could correct ptosis for the sake of esthetics or when ptosis reduces the superior visual field.

scholarly journals Central nervous system infectious diseases mimicking multiple sclerosis: recognizing distinguishable features using MRI

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (9B) ◽  
pp. 738-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Jose da Rocha ◽  
Ingrid Aguiar Littig ◽  
Renato Hoffmann Nunes ◽  
Charles Peter Tilbery
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Gadolinium Enhancement ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The current diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) confirm the relevant role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), supporting the possibility of characterizing the dissemination in space (DIS) and the dissemination in time (DIT) in a single scan. To maintain the specificity of these criteria, it is necessary to determine whether T2/FLAIR visible lesions and the gadolinium enhancement can be attributed to diseases that mimic MS. Several diseases are included in the MS differential diagnosis list, including diseases with exacerbation, remitting periods and numerous treatable infectious diseases, which can mimic the MRI features of MS. We discuss the most relevant imaging features in several infectious diseases that resemble MS and examine the primary spatial distributions of lesions and the gadolinium enhancement patterns related to MS. Recognizing imaging "red flags" can be useful for the proper diagnostic evaluation of suspected cases of MS, facilitating the correct differential diagnosis by assessing the combined clinical, laboratory and MR imaging information.

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