scholarly journals Image-guided Temporal Bone Dissection Course

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Sgarabotto Ribeiro ◽  
Geraldo Pereira Jotz ◽  
Natália Cândido de Sousa ◽  
Enio Tadashi Setogutti ◽  
Gustavo Rassier Isolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Multislice Ct ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Temporal Bone Anatomy ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Dissection Course

Abstract Introduction Temporal bone anatomy is complex and demands a profound anatomical knowledge. Association between surgery and imaging helps in the process of learning three-dimensional (3D) anatomy and surgical techniques. High definition temporal bone imaging can play an important role in dissection training. Objective To describe a computed tomography (CT) image-guided temporal bone dissection course for surgical training in otolaryngology and to verify the satisfaction level of the students with the course. Methods Descriptive research. The course took place at a research laboratory, with three experienced temporal bone surgeons. The participants were 12 otolaryngology residents. The laboratory has 7 modern workstations with microscope and monitors linked with a computerized video system. Cadaveric temporal bones were donated to the university. Imaging acquisition of the cadaveric temporal bones used in the course was performed in a multislice CT scanner. The CT images of cadaveric temporal bones were available with real-time access on the laboratory monitor's screens during dissections. Results A total of 13 temporal bones were included for dissection. Students had the opportunity to view on the same screen, simultaneously, both the dissection video and the respective CT images of their temporal bone anatomical specimens. This allowed correlating surgical and imaging aspects of temporal bone anatomy. At the end of the course, participants answered a satisfaction survey. Conclusion Considering imaging methods are routinely used during most otologic surgeries, detailed knowledge of CT imaging should be explored in conjunction with the temporal bone anatomical dissection.

In vitro assessment of image-guided otologic surgery: Submillimeter accuracy within the region of the temporal bone

2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Labadie ◽  
Rohan J. Shah ◽  
Steve S. Harris ◽  
Ebru Cetinkaya ◽  
David S. Haynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Space Versus ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Optical Tracking ◽  
Bite Block ◽  
Optical Tracking System ◽  
Otologic Surgery ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Temporal Bones

OBJECTIVES: Application of image-guided surgery to otology has been limited by the need for sub-millimeter accuracy via a fiducial system that is easily usable (noninvasive and nonobstructive). METHODS: A dental bite-block was fitted with a rigid frame with 7 fiducial markers surrounding each external ear. The temporal bones of 3 cadaveric skulls were removed and replaced with surgical targets arranged in a bull's-eye pattern about the centroid of each temporal bone. The surgical targets were identified both within CT scans and in physical space using an infrared optical tracking system. The difference between positions in CT space versus physical space was calculated as target registration error. RESULTS: A total of 234 independent target registration errors were calculated. Mean ± standard deviation = 0.73 mm ± 0.25 mm. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that image-guided otologic surgery with submillimeter accuracy is achievable with a minimally invasive fiducial frame. SIGNIFICANCE: In vivo validation of the system is ongoing. With such validation, this system may facilitate clinically applicable image-guided otologic surgery. EBM rating: A.

Investigation of Temporal Bone Anatomy by Plastic Moulding and Cryomicrotomy

1986 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wilbrand ◽  
W. Rauschning
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Cochlear Aqueduct ◽  
Temporal Bone Anatomy ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Bone Structures

To increase our understanding of the complex topographic relations between temporal bone structures and to facilitate the interpretation of their radiographic images, two techniques were developed. 1) Plastic moulding of temporal bone specimens using polyester resin and silicone rubber substances providing detailed information and a three-dimensional survey of the structures. Carefully macerated temporal bone specimens are filled with plastic material under vacuum and the bone is then dissolved. The preparations, freed from irrelevant structures and embellished, allow metric evaluation of the different structures and their topographic relations. 2) Automatic serial cryomicrotomy of fresh, deep-frozen temporal bones, using a commercial sledge-cryomicrotome. Photography of the cut surfaces of the specimen, usually at distances of 0.25 to 0.50 mm, allows natural-colour reproduction of minute detail, e.g. the melanin cell area in the cochlea, the smallest vessels on the ossicular surfaces, and the origin of the cochlear aqueduct at the basal turn of the cochlea. By correlating the photographs with images from the corresponding tomographic planes accurate information is obtained for interpretation of the radiographic images. A combination of the two techniques facilitates a detailed study and is a valuable aid in the teaching of temporal bone anatomy.

Automated Registration-Based Temporal Bone Computed Tomography Segmentation for Applications in Neurotologic Surgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110449
Author(s):  
Andy S. Ding ◽  
Alexander Lu ◽  
Zhaoshuo Li ◽  
Deepa Galaiya ◽  
Jeffrey H. Siewerdsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Registration Method ◽  
Temporal Bone Ct ◽  
Temporal Bone Anatomy

Objective This study investigates the accuracy of an automated method to rapidly segment relevant temporal bone anatomy from cone beam computed tomography (CT) images. Implementation of this segmentation pipeline has potential to improve surgical safety and decrease operative time by augmenting preoperative planning and interfacing with image-guided robotic surgical systems. Study Design Descriptive study of predicted segmentations. Setting Academic institution. Methods We have developed a computational pipeline based on the symmetric normalization registration method that predicts segmentations of anatomic structures in temporal bone CT scans using a labeled atlas. To evaluate accuracy, we created a data set by manually labeling relevant anatomic structures (eg, ossicles, labyrinth, facial nerve, external auditory canal, dura) for 16 deidentified high-resolution cone beam temporal bone CT images. Automated segmentations from this pipeline were compared against ground-truth manual segmentations by using modified Hausdorff distances and Dice scores. Runtimes were documented to determine the computational requirements of this method. Results Modified Hausdorff distances and Dice scores between predicted and ground-truth labels were as follows: malleus (0.100 ± 0.054 mm; Dice, 0.827 ± 0.068), incus (0.100 ± 0.033 mm; Dice, 0.837 ± 0.068), stapes (0.157 ± 0.048 mm; Dice, 0.358 ± 0.100), labyrinth (0.169 ± 0.100 mm; Dice, 0.838 ± 0.060), and facial nerve (0.522 ± 0.278 mm; Dice, 0.567 ± 0.130). A quad-core 16GB RAM workstation completed this segmentation pipeline in 10 minutes. Conclusions We demonstrated submillimeter accuracy for automated segmentation of temporal bone anatomy when compared against hand-segmented ground truth using our template registration pipeline. This method is not dependent on the training data volume that plagues many complex deep learning models. Favorable runtime and low computational requirements underscore this method’s translational potential.

scholarly journals Superior Canal Dehiscence: A Comparative Postmortem Multislice Computed Tomography Study

OTO Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473974X1879357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Mittmann ◽  
Arne Ernst ◽  
Rainer Seidl ◽  
Anna-Felicitas Skulj ◽  
Sven Mutze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Multislice Ct ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Autopsy Findings ◽  
Superior Canal Dehiscence ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Canal Dehiscence

Objective Superior canal dehiscence is defined by missing bony coverage of the superior canal against the middle cranial fossa. The gold standard in diagnosis is high-resolution computed tomography (CT). A false-positive CT scan, identifying a dehiscence when one is not present, could lead to unnecessary surgical therapy. This study aims to compare postmortem CT scans with autopsy findings with regard to superior canal dehiscence. Study Design Postmortem study. Setting Tertiary referral center. Subjects and Methods Twenty-two nontraumatic death cases within a 3-month period (January to March 2017) were included with 44 temporal bones. Each body underwent postmortem head CT prior to medicolegal autopsy. The middle fossa floor was exposed, and if present, the superior semicircular canal dehiscence was identified and measured. In each case, 3 comparable photographs were taken during the autopsy (left temporal bone, right temporal bone, overview). Results Autopsy findings revealed bony dehiscences in 11% of the temporal bones, whereas CT scan revealed bony dehiscences in 16%. The length of the dehiscences were longer when measured by CT imaging. Conclusion The diagnosis of superior canal dehiscence syndrome requires high-resolution CT with clinical symptoms and physiologic evidence of a third mobile window. Our study underlines a mismatch between multislice CT imaging in the coronal plane and the presence of a dehiscence on autopsy.

Pathology as it relates to ear surgery

1982 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1079-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Belal ◽  
M. Sanna
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Glomus Tumour ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Tumour Invasion ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
Temporal Bones

AbstractSurgery is the treatment of choice in the management of glomus tumours. There are several different approaches to the surgical excision of these tumours, the choice depending on the size, site of origin and pattern of spread of the tumour. The patterns of glomus tumour invasion in the temporal bone are demonstrated by reviewing the histological findings in four temporal bones with glomus tumours. The surgical techniques used in the management of 14 glomus tumours are also discussed.

scholarly journals Histopathologic Assessment of Fibrosis and nEw Bone Formation in Implanted Human Temporal Bones Using 3D Reconstruction

2009 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose N. Fayad ◽  
Andres O. Makarem ◽  
Fred H. Linthicum
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Hearing Preservation ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Temporal Bones

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate new bone formation and fibrosis in implanted human temporal bones and relate that to neurosensory elements preservation. STUDY DESIGN: Human temporal bone histopathology study. SETTING: Temporal bone laboratory. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ten human temporal bones from eight patients with multichannel cochlear implants and one single-electrode implant were examined under light microscopy and reconstructed with AMIRA 4.1 3D reconstruction software. Volumes of new bone formation, fibrosis, and patent area were calculated in each bone. RESULTS: The amount of fibrosis and new bone formation postimplantation varied among bones. There were no statistically significant relationships between age at implantation or duration of implantation and the overall amount of new tissue in the implanted ear. There was a relationship between total amount of new tissue and preservation of neurosensory elements only in segment I of the cochlea (Rho = −0.75, P < 0.013). Most of the new tissue was located in segments I and II, segment III had little to no new tissue formation, and segment IV was clear in all of the subjects. CONCLUSION: New tissue formation postimplantation was related to preservation of neurosensory elements primarily in segment I of the cochlea. In an era of hearing preservation surgery and hybrid cochlear implants, soft surgical techniques are advocated as a means to decrease surgical trauma.

scholarly journals The effect of virtual reality on temporal bone anatomy evaluation and performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi Timonen ◽  
Aarno Dietz ◽  
Pia Linder ◽  
Antti Lehtimäki ◽  
Heikki Löppönen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Temporal Bone Anatomy ◽  
Temporal Bones

Abstract Purpose There is only limited data on the application of virtual reality (VR) for the evaluation of temporal bone anatomy. The aim of the present study was to compare the VR environment to traditional cross-sectional viewing of computed tomography images in a simulated preoperative planning setting in novice and expert surgeons. Methods A novice (n = 5) and an expert group (n = 5), based on their otosurgery experience, were created. The participants were asked to identify 24 anatomical landmarks, perform 11 distance measurements between surgically relevant anatomical structures and 10 fiducial markers on five cadaver temporal bones in both VR environment and cross-sectional viewings in PACS interface. The data on performance time and user-experience (i.e., subjective validation) were collected. Results The novice group made significantly more errors (p < 0.001) and with significantly longer performance time (p = 0.001) in cross-sectional viewing than the expert group. In the VR environment, there was no significant differences (errors and time) between the groups. The performance of novices improved faster in the VR. The novices showed significantly faster task performance (p = 0.003) and a trend towards fewer errors (p = 0.054) in VR compared to cross-sectional viewing. No such difference between the methods were observed in the expert group. The mean overall scores of user-experience were significantly higher for VR than cross-sectional viewing in both groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion In the VR environment, novices performed the anatomical evaluation of temporal bone faster and with fewer errors than in the traditional cross-sectional viewing, which supports its efficiency for the evaluation of complex anatomy.

Temporal bone dysplasia in Coffin-Siris syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e236139
Author(s):  
Jessica Wauchope ◽  
Colin Leonard ◽  
Steven McKinstry ◽  
Keith Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bone Dysplasia ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Temporal Bone Anatomy ◽  
Middle Ear Disease ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Bone Abnormalities

We report a child, diagnosed with Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS), with chronic right otorrhoea. CT and DR-MRI were performed to further investigate, diagnose and determine relevant surgical anatomy. CT temporal bones assessment was performed, and the measurements compared with previously published data for normal temporal bone anatomy. These comparisons highlighted various differences which were not initially expected; it showed that there were multiple inner ear abnormalities in addition to middle ear disease. This case highlights the importance of considering temporal bone abnormalities in all children with CSS or any dysmorphia, when they may require mastoid procedures. Reviewing the management of this case provides relevant learning opportunities for both primary, secondary and tertiary care institutions.

Techniques for human temporal bone removal: Information for the scientific community

1996 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Nadol ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Funeral Directors ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Auditory Brain Stem ◽  
Human Ear ◽  
Temporal Bones

Human temporal bones provide an irreplaceable resource for study of the pathology and pathophysiology of disorders of hearing, balance, taste, and facial nerve function. Additional specimens are needed to study disorders for which there are few human specimens; to increase the number of specimens for a given disorder to understand the natural variability and expression of the disease entity; to evaluate the accuracy of otologic diagnoses and the efficacy of otologic treatment modalities; to apply newly available scientific methods, including immunohistochemistry and molecular biologic or molecular genetic techniques; and to teach the anatomy of the human ear and modern otologic surgical techniques. This article provides information for the scientific community concerning techniques for temporal bone and auditory brain stem removal, including intracranial and extracranial approaches and methods to minimize postmortem autolysis and cosmetic defects. Close collaboration between physicians and funeral directors will maximize the yield and utility of these valuable specimens for scientific inquiry and training. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1996;115:298-305.)

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