Imaging of Gastric Carcinoma. Part One: Diagnosis and Staging

AbstractGastric cancer is one of the leading causes of death from malignancy. Despite the enormous advancement in medical oncology over the past decade, surgical resection of early tumors remains the most effective treatment. Accurate interpretation of radiologic imaging studies is crucial for staging local disease spread, predicting possible lymphatic involvement, and identifying metastatic disease, thereby guiding management plans. This article reviews imaging patterns of the normal stomach along with appearances of gastric cancer, its local spread patterns and distant metastasis, and also describes key features pertaining to preoperative staging.

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Causes of Death

10.1093/oso/9780198805830.003.0017 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Anderson ◽

Corinne Roughley

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Western Europe ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Whooping Cough ◽

The Elderly ◽

World War Two ◽

World War ◽

The Past ◽

Disease Mortality

The principal reported causes of death have changed dramatically since the 1860s, though changes in categorization of causes and improved diagnosis make it difficult to be precise about timings. Diseases particularly affecting children such as measles and whooping cough largely disappeared as killers by the 1950s. Deaths particularly linked to unclean environments and poor sanitary infrastructure also declined, though some can kill babies and the elderly even today. Pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchitis were eventually largely controlled. Reported cancer, stroke, and heart disease mortality showed upward trends well into the second half of the twentieth century, though some of this was linked to diagnostic improvement. Both fell in the last decades of our period, but Scotland still had among the highest rates in Western Europe. Deaths from accidents and drowning saw significant falls since World War Two but, especially in the past 25 years, suicide, and alcohol and drug-related deaths rose.

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The Role of Axonal Transport in Neurodegenerative Disease Spread: A Meta-Analysis of Experimental and Clinical Poliomyelitis Compares with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100032625 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 18 (S3) ◽

pp. 435-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Benjamin Rix Brooks

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Axonal Transport ◽

Neuronal Degeneration ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Gender Effects ◽

The Other ◽

Disease Spread ◽

Local Spread ◽

Other Hand ◽

Bulbar Onset

ABSTRACT:ALS symptom spread results from local spread of the neuronal degeneration because contiguous areas are more quickly involved than non-contiguous areas. Local spread to contiguous areas of motor neuron dysfunction is faster at the brainstem, cervical and lumbar regions than spread to non-continguous areas. The time for caudal-rostral symptomatic spread of ALS to involve a distant region is a function of the distance of that region from the site of onset. The time for spread to the bulbar region is shorter following arm onset than leg onset. Spread to non-contiguous areas is faster within the spinal cord than from the spinal cord to the bulbar region. These kinetics are consistent with axonal transport of the etiological agent in a manner similar to spread of poliovirus in poliomyelitis patients. Spread from the bulbar region to the spinal cord, on the other hand, occurs faster than symptom spread from the limb region to the bulbar region in limb onset patients. This rapid limb involvement following bulbar onset is more dramatic in males compared with females. Females with leg onset, on the other hand, show more rapid involvement of the opposite leg, either arm or bulbar structures than males. Gender effects may determine the course of ALS depending on the original site of onset.

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Gastrointestinal Diseases of Napoleon in Saint Helena: Causes of Death

Science Progress ◽

10.3184/003685002783238807 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 359-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jacques Di Costanzo

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Gastric Lesion ◽

Multiorgan Failure ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Gastric Disease ◽

Clinical Events ◽

Autopsy Report ◽

Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽

Chronic Arsenic Poisoning

The fact that Napoleon Ist died from gastric cancer seems to be well established. Arguments for the hypothesis of chronic arsenic poisoning have recently been developed in the literature. This study, focused on the gastrointestinal diseases of Napoleon in Saint Helena, is based on a confrontation between the clinical semiological anamnesis and the anatomical data in the autopsy report by F. Antommarchi. Napoleon presented several gastrointestinal diseases: gall-bladder lithiasis complicated with angio-cholitis, chronic colitis and certainly a gastric cancer. Death was consecutive to perforation of the gastric lesion leading to haemorragic vomitis and multiorgan failure. The description of the gastric lesions during autopsy is consistent with the diagnosis of cancer. The course of the clinical events is closely correlated with the anatomic lesions. There is strong evidence that Napoleon died from an acute complication of his gastric disease.

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The IUCN-SSC Cave Invertebrate Specialist Group

ARPHA Conference Abstracts ◽

10.3897/aca.1.e32231 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Author(s):

Louis Deharveng ◽

Tony Whitten ◽

Judson Wynne ◽

Ana Komericki ◽

Sonia Khela

Keyword(s):

Social Impact ◽

Narrow Range ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Red List ◽

Business Sector ◽

Conservation Priority ◽

The Past ◽

Species Survival ◽

Management Plans ◽

Specialist Group

The Cave Invertebrate Specialist Group, an IUCN Species Survival Commission, is a group of 80 taxonomists, biospeleologists, ecologists, and conservation biologists. Since 2014, our objectives have been to: (1) conserve subterranean habitats, and address one of the largest lacunas in conservation biology – the protection of sensitive cave and subterranean invertebrate populations; (2) conduct IUCN Red List evaluations for imperiled and/or narrow range endemic species; (3) encourage comprehensive baseline biodiversity surveys, in particular to determine the proportion of unknown biodiversity yet to be discovered; and, (4) provide collaborative opportunities with the business sector for conducting Environmental and Social Impact Assessments, Biodiversity Action Plans, and site and species management plans. We will our accomplishments over the past four years including growth of membership, the number of Red List evaluations conducted and the total number of species recognized as a conservation priority.

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Past and current evidence of persecution of the Endangered crowned eagle Harpyhaliaetus coronatus in Argentina

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605306001013 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 347-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

José Hernán Sarasola ◽

Juan José Maceda

Keyword(s):

Causes Of Death ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Future Research ◽

Conservation Action ◽

Field Surveys ◽

The Past ◽

Central Argentina ◽

Water Trough ◽

Educational Programmes ◽

In Captivity

The crowned eagle Harpyhaliaetus coronatus is a large Neotropical eagle categorized as Endangered throughout its range. However, the threats to this species are poorly understood. We present data on the causes of death of crowned eagles in semi-arid forests of La Pampa province, central Argentina. Data was obtained from field surveys and from interviews with 62 local landowners during 1999–2004. Over this period five eagles were shot, one killed by a car, one was found dead in a cattle water trough, and one was found in captivity. From the interviews information was obtained about a further 10 cases of eagles being shot, disturbed or trapped. Five (13%) of 38 interviewed landowners who positively identified the species admitted having killed or disturbed eagles in the past but only two (5%) mentioned predation of eagles upon livestock as a problem. Persecution seems to be a significant threat to this species in central Argentina and future research and conservation action should be focused not only on gaining a better knowledge of the biology of the species but also on conservation and educational programmes involving local people.

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Covering the Cost of the Past

International Journal of Disaster Response and Emergency Management ◽

10.4018/ijdrem.2018040104 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 49-63

Author(s):

Hazel Jovita ◽

Dyah Mutiarin ◽

Achmad Nurmandi

Keyword(s):

Disaster Management ◽

Planning Process ◽

The Past ◽

Public Managers ◽

Management Plans ◽

Governance Process ◽

Region 10 ◽

The Cost ◽

Network Collaboration

This is a quantitative article which aims to analyse what constitutes successful disaster governance by measuring how the previous performance of the disaster management network influence the aspects of governance process -initial agreement, leadership, trust, planning and managing conflict and how these variables are associated to the outcome of collaborative disaster management. The findings highlight the role of public managers in the collaborative disaster management as it revealed that initial agreement is connected with leadership, leadership is associated with trust, and trust, as well as managing conflict, are correlated with the planning process. The findings suggest that the Philippine disaster management network in Region 10 is shaped by its previous performance. However, there is a necessity to institutionalise incentive mechanisms and improve the leadership capacities of the lead agencies in order to strengthen the trust and interdependence among agencies which could lead to more effective disaster management plans and stronger network collaboration.

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