Causes of Death

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Anderson ◽  
Corinne Roughley
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disease Mortality

The principal reported causes of death have changed dramatically since the 1860s, though changes in categorization of causes and improved diagnosis make it difficult to be precise about timings. Diseases particularly affecting children such as measles and whooping cough largely disappeared as killers by the 1950s. Deaths particularly linked to unclean environments and poor sanitary infrastructure also declined, though some can kill babies and the elderly even today. Pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchitis were eventually largely controlled. Reported cancer, stroke, and heart disease mortality showed upward trends well into the second half of the twentieth century, though some of this was linked to diagnostic improvement. Both fell in the last decades of our period, but Scotland still had among the highest rates in Western Europe. Deaths from accidents and drowning saw significant falls since World War Two but, especially in the past 25 years, suicide, and alcohol and drug-related deaths rose.

Symbols and the culture of memory in Republika Srpska Krajina

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vjeran Pavlaković
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Process ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Republika Srpska

This article examines how rebel Serbs in Croatia reinterpreted narratives of World War Two to justify their uprising against the democratically elected Croatian government in 1990 and gain domestic and international legitimacy for the Republika Srpska Krajina (RSK) parastate. While scholars have written about the strategies nationalist elites used regarding controversial symbols and the rehabilitation of World War Two collaborators in Croatia and other Yugoslav successor states, the RSK's “culture of memory” has received little attention. Based on documents captured after the RSK's defeat in 1995, this article shows that it was not only the government of Franjo Tudjman that rejected the Partisan narratives of “Brotherhood and Unity,” but a parallel process took place among the leadership in the Krajina. Ultimately the decision to base the historical foundations of the Croatian Serbs’ political goals on a chauvinist and extremist interpretation of the past resulted in a criminalized entity that ended tragically for both Serbs and Croats living on the territory of the RSK.

Varieties of Unsuccessful Industrialization: The Balkan States Before 1914

1975 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Lampe
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
The Future ◽  
Balkan States ◽  
Second World

This paper should begin with a brief defense of its title. “Variety” and “unsuccessful” are doubtful if not dirty words to most economists and many economic historians. The “success stories” of rapid development in Western Europe, Russia and Japan have been the most frequent subject of this Journal's articles on non-American topics. And the discovery of uniformity in the past, rather than variety, is admittedly essential to the development economist's search for predictability in the future that has informed so much of the economic history written since the Second World War.

scholarly journals Det krevende spennet mellom arbeid, hjemmet og gamle hjelpetrengende foreldre En hermeneutisk studie om kvinners situasjon i skjæringspunktet mellom yrkesliv og dobbelt omsorgsansvar

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Ingrid S. Berthinussen ◽  
Sven-Tore Dreyer Fredriksen
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Western World ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
Present Material ◽  
Health Care Reforms ◽  
Professional Careers ◽  
Additional Burden

<p><em>The aim of this study is to describe how women experience the difficult balancing act of caring for old and frail parents, managing their professional careers and taking care of their own families. Life expectancy has increased in the western world since World War Two, leading to an increasing number of elderly, and elderly with health problems, in need of care and assistance. Additional, health care reforms reguire the elderly to continue to live in their own homes for as long as possible. Traditionally the daughters often end up with carrying the heaviest load of caring for their parents, with all emotional and physical strains entailed, these two facts creates an additional burden on top of t their regular responsibilities regarding family life and career. A<strong> </strong>qualitative approach was used which includes deep interweaves and hermeneutic analysis. Analyzing the present material we come up with seven sub-themes, and these seven sub-themes crystallized into three main themes: the moral obligations, the anguish and feelings and personal health.</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p>

Beyond Realism

Renascence ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19
Author(s):  
Maurizio Ascari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subject ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Literary Character ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Human Condition

A complex and controversial novel, Atonement is at the core of a lively critical debate, opposing those who focus on the impossibility of Briony’s atonement – also in relation to the author’s atheist views – to those who conversely explore the redemptive quality of her “postlapsarian” painful self-fashioning. Far from concerning simply the destiny of a literary character, this debate has to do with the impact Postmodernist relativism has on both the conception of the human subject and the discourses of the past, from memory to history and fiction. Discarding any potentially nihilistic interpretations of Atonement as disempowering, this article delves into Ian McEwan’s multi-layered text in order to comprehend its ambivalences, its subtle investigation of the human condition, and its status as a postmemory novel reconnecting us to the events of World War Two.

The impact of smoking in elderly people

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman J Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
The Impact

Smoking has been closely implicated in many cardiovascular, lung and other diseases which are prevalent in the elderly, but most prevention programmes tend to be aimed at younger age groups.The prevention of smoking in retired people is a subject which is not yet fully researched, but there is a little information which suggests that it may be a worthwhile pursuit. Certainly, work has shown that longevity can be improved even in older people by stopping smoking. Coronary heart disease death rates for 65-74 year olds who have recently given up are similar to non-smokers. For other causes of death, especially lung cancer and bronchitis, the benefits of stopping smoking take up to five years to appear. In terms of morbidity, there are suggestions that ex-smokers move reasonably quickly towards the state of non-smokers for bone density, pulmonary function and muscle strength.

scholarly journals Association between meat intake and mortality due to all-cause and major causes of death in a Japanese population

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244007
Author(s):  
Eiko Saito ◽  
Xiaohe Tang ◽  
Sarah Krull Abe ◽  
Norie Sawada ◽  
Junko Ishihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Total Meat

Purpose We examined the association between meat intake and mortality due to all-cause and major causes of death using a population-based cohort study in Japan. Methods 87,507 Japanese aged between 45 and 74 years old at 5-year follow-up study were followed for 14.0 years on average. Associations between meat intake and mortality risk were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results A heavy intake of total meat was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality relative to the lowest quartile intake in men (Q4: HR,1.18; 95%CIs, 1.06–1.31). A higher intake of total meat was associated with a lower risk of stroke mortality in women (Q2: HR, 0.70; 95%CIs, 0.51–0.94, Q3: HR, 0.68; 95%CIs, 0.50–0.95, Q4: HR, 0.66; 95%CIs, 0.44–0.99). A heavy intake of red meat was also associated with all-cause mortality (Q4: HR, 1.13; 95%CIs, 1.02–1.26) and heart disease mortality (Q4: HR, 1.51; 95%CIs, 1.11–2.06) in men but not in women. Heavy intake of chicken was inversely associated with cancer mortality in men. Conclusions Heavy intakes of total and red meat were associated with an increase in all-cause and heart disease mortality in men, while total meat intake was associated with a lower risk of stroke mortality in women.

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