Effects of Femorotibial and Tibiotarsal Joint Ranges of Motion on the Gastrocnemius Muscle-Tendon Working Length in the Canine Cadaveric Limb

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1735315 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Takanori Sugiyama ◽

Andrew Woodward ◽

Stewart D. Ryan

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Tendon Healing ◽

Lateral View ◽

Free Range ◽

Kinematic Study ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Working Length ◽

Pelvic Limb

Abstract Objective This study aimed to describe changes in the length of the gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit between the medial fabella and the calcaneus (MF-C) at different femorotibial joint (FTJ) and tibiotarsal joint (TTJ) angle combinations in the canine limb. Study Design This is an ex vivo kinematic study. Animals Canine cadaveric pelvic limbs (n = 11). Procedures One cadaveric pelvic limb was dissected to identify the anatomical origin and insertion of the gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit for the radiographic landmark determination. The radiographic landmarks of the FTJ and TTJ were identified by lateral view radiographs. A series of lateral radiographs were evaluated to measure the linear MF-C at all combinations of the FTJ and TTJ angles. A mathematical model was defined for MF-C. Results The MF-C is associated with the FTJ and TTJ by a linear trigonometric relationship. Higher rate of increase in the MF-C was observed when the FTJ was > 135 degrees and the TTJ was < 125 degrees, compared with when the FTJ was <135 degrees and the TTJ was >125 degrees in all groups. Conclusions Thirty degrees of free range of motion of the TTJ between 140 and 170 degrees did not elongate MF-C in this cadaveric limb study. Clinical Relevance Some degrees of free range of motion may be possible in the TTJ during tendon healing based on our cadaveric study without causing excessive change in the MF-C, although this concept should not be applied until isometric contractions of muscles are clearly understood. The relationship between the MF-C and tension at tenorrhaphy should be evaluated.

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Root Canal Penetration of a Sodium Hypochlorite Mixture Using Sonic or Ultrasonic Activation

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201300209 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 489-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Marta Sáinz-Pardo ◽

Roberto Estevez ◽

Óliver Valencia de Pablo ◽

Giampiero Rossi-Fedele ◽

Rafael Cisneros

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Positive Pressure ◽

Ultrasonic Activation ◽

Penetration Length ◽

Working Length ◽

Closed Systems ◽

Canal Shaping ◽

Ex Vivo Study

The purpose of this ex vivo study was to determine, in "open" and "closed" systems, whether the design has an influence on the penetration length of sodium hypochlorite mixed with a radiopaque contrast medium, measured in millimeters, when delivered using positive pressure (PP) and using sonic (SI) or passive ultrasonic (PUI) activation. Sixty single-rooted teeth were divided into two groups: open and closed systems (n=30). Root canal shaping was performed to a working length of 17 mm. The samples were divided into three sub-groups (n=10) according to irrigant delivery and activation: PP, and SI or PUI activation. By using radiographs, penetration length was measured, and vapor lock was assessed. For the closed group, the penetration distance means were: PP 15.715 (±0.898) mm, SI 16.299 (±0.738) mm and PUI 16.813 (±0.465) mm, with vapor lock occurring in 53.3% of the specimens. In the open group, penetration to 17 mm occurred in 97.6% of the samples, and no vapor lock occurred. Irrigant penetration and distribution evaluation using open and closed systems provide significantly different results. For closed systems, PUI is the most effective in delivering the irrigant to working length, followed by SI.

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FACTOR STRUCTURE OF PARAMETERS OF EX VIVO MUSCLE GASTROCNEMIUS MEDI-ALIS ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION IN LABORATORY RATS WITH ACUTE PELVIC LIMB ISCHEMIA

Odesa National University Herald Biology ◽

10.18524/2077-1746.2016.1(38).65062 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (1(38)) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

О. А. Мельничук ◽

С. Є. Швайко

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Isometric Contraction ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Limb Ischemia ◽

Laboratory Rats ◽

Pelvic Limb

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Effects of Dry Needling of Latent Trigger Points on Viscoelastic and Muscular Contractile Properties: Preliminary Results of a Randomized Within-Participant Clinical Trial

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10173848 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (17) ◽

pp. 3848

Author(s):

Albert Pérez-Bellmunt ◽

Oriol Casasayas-Cos ◽

Carlos López-de-Celis ◽

Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz ◽

Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Pain Sensitivity ◽

Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽

Trigger Points ◽

Neuromuscular Function ◽

Medial Gastrocnemius ◽

Single Session ◽

Dry Needling ◽

Pressure Pain

This study aimed to evaluate changes in neuromuscular function and pain perception in latent trigger points (TrPs) in the gastrocnemius muscle after a single session of dry needling. A randomized within-participant clinical trial was conducted. Fifty volunteers with latent TrPs in the gastrocnemius muscles were explored. Each extremity was randomly assigned to a control or experimental (dry needling) group. Viscoelastic parameters and contractile properties were analyzed by tensiomyography. Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion was assessed with the lunge test. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) and pain perceived were also analyzed. The results observed that three viscoelastic proprieties (myotonometry) showed significant differences in favor of the experimental extremity in the lateral gastrocnemius: stiffness (p = 0.02), relaxation (p = 0.045), and creep (p = 0.03), but not in the medial gastrocnemius. No changes in tensiomyography outcomes were found. The control extremity showed a higher increase in PPTs (i.e., decrease in pressure pain sensitivity) than the experimental extremity (p = 0.03). No significant effects for range of motion or strength were observed. In general, gender did not influence the effects of dry needling over latent TrPs in the gastrocnemius muscle. In conclusion, a single session of dry needling was able to change some parameters of neuromuscular function, such as muscle tone, relaxation, pressure pain sensitivity, and creep in the lateral (but not medial) gastrocnemius but did not improve strength or range of motion.

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Tendon Healing in Vivo and in Vitro: Neutralizing Antibody to TGF-β Improves Range of Motion After Flexor Tendon Repair

Orthopedics ◽

10.3928/01477447-20100924-06 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Changsuo Xia ◽

Xuanying Yang ◽

Ying-Zhen Wang ◽

Kang Sun ◽

Lina Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Flexor Tendon ◽

Tendon Repair ◽

Tendon Healing ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Flexor Tendon Repair

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Assessment of Effects of Laser Light Combining Three Wavelengths (450, 520 and 640 nm) on Temperature Increase and Depth of Tissue Lesions in an Ex Vivo Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13235340 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 5340

Author(s):

Kamil Jurczyszyn ◽

Witold Trzeciakowski ◽

Zdzisław Woźniak ◽

Piotr Ziółkowski ◽

Mateusz Trafalski

Keyword(s):

Duty Cycle ◽

Temperature Increase ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Visible Spectrum ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Lesion Depth ◽

Single Beam ◽

Duty Cycles ◽

Rate Of Increase

Background: Lasers are widely used in medicine in soft and hard tissue surgeries and biostimulation. Studies found in literature typically compare the effects of single-wavelength lasers on tissues or cell cultures. In our study, we used a diode laser capable of emitting three components of visible light (640 nm, red; 520 nm, green; 450 nm, blue) and combining them in a single beam. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of laser radiation in the visible spectrum on tissue in vitro, depending on the wavelength and pulse width. Methods: All irradiations were performed using the same output power (1.5 W). We used various duty cycles: 10, 50, 80 and 100% with 100 Hz frequency. Maximum superficial temperature, rate of temperature increase and lesion depth were investigated. Results: Maximum superficial temperature was observed for 450 + 520 nm irradiation (100% duty cycle). The highest rate of increase of temperature was noted for 450 + 520 nm (100% duty cycle). Maximum lesion depth was observed in case of three-wavelength irradiation (450 + 520 + 640 nm) for 100, 80 and 50% duty cycles. Conclusions: The synergistic effect of two-wavelength (450 + 520 nm) irradiation was observed in case of maximum temperature measurement. The deepest depth of lesion was noted after three-wavelength irradiation (450 + 520 + 640 nm).

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Tendon healing in presence of chronic low-level inflammation: a systematic review

British Medical Bulletin ◽

10.1093/bmb/ldz035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 132 (1) ◽

pp. 97-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Emanuele Chisari ◽

Laura Rehak ◽

Wasim S Khan ◽

Nicola Maffulli

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Tendon Healing ◽

Tendon Injury ◽

Activity Level ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Low Level ◽

Mesh Terms ◽

The Subject ◽

Inflammatory Molecules

Abstract Background Tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal condition affecting subjects regardless of their activity level. Multiple inflammatory molecules found in ex vivo samples of human tendons are related to the initiation or progression of tendinopathy. Their role in tendon healing is the subject of this review. Sources of data An extensive review of current literature was conducted using PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library using the term ‘tendon’, as well as some common terms of tendon conditions such as ‘tendon injury OR (tendon damage) OR tendonitis OR tendinopathy OR (chronic tendonitis) OR tendinosis OR (chronic tendinopathy) OR enthesitis’ AND ‘healing’ AND ‘(inflammation OR immune response)’ as either key words or MeSH terms. Areas of agreement An environment characterized by a low level of chronic inflammation, together with increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, may influence the physiological tendon healing response after treatment. Areas of controversy Most studies on this topic exhibited limited scientific translational value because of their heterogeneity. The evidence associated with preclinical studies is limited. Growing points The role of inflammation in tendon healing is still unclear, though it seems to affect the overall outcome. A thorough understanding of the biochemical mediators of healing and their pathway of pain could be used to target tendinopathy and possibly guide its management. Areas timely for developing research We require further studies with improved designs to effectively evaluate the pathogenesis and progression of tendinopathy to identify cellular and molecular targets to improve outcomes.

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Effect of intraoperative positioning on postoperative neurological status in cats after perineal urethrostomy

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1098612x18809188 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 931-937

Author(s):

Pavel Slunsky ◽

Mathias Brunnberg ◽

Shenja Loderstedt ◽

Alexander Haake ◽

Leo Brunnberg

Keyword(s):

Motor Function ◽

Patellar Tendon ◽

Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽

Neurological Status ◽

Spinal Pain ◽

The Other ◽

Low Grade ◽

Lumbosacral Region ◽

Faecal Continence ◽

Pelvic Limb

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the changes in neurological status in cats after perineal urethrostomy performed in dorsal and ventral recumbency. Methods This was a prospective, randomised study. Twenty male castrated cats with feline lower urinary tract disease presented for perineal urethrostomy were enrolled in this study. Surgery was performed in either dorsal recumbency (group A) or ventral recumbency (group B). Motor response of patellar tendon, gastrocnemius muscle, pelvic limb withdrawal and perineal reflexes, as well as the presence of spinal pain in the lumbosacral region, motor function of the tail and faecal continence, were examined before surgery, and 24 h and 14 days after surgery. Results The animals had a mean weight of 5.07 ± 1.08 kg, with a mean age of 6.12 ± 1.85 years. Weight and age were not significantly different between groups A and B (both P = 0.897). All tested parameters of the neurological examination performed prior to surgery were considered normal in both groups ( P = 1). The comparison between neurological examinations (perineal reflex and spinal pain) before and 24 h after surgery revealed a significantly decreased briskness of the perineal reflex and an increased occurrence of spinal pain 24 h after surgery ( P = 0.043 and P = 0.031, respectively). However, the changes of aforementioned parameters were statistically insignificant ( P = 0.249 and P = 0.141) between groups A and B. The other parameters (patellar tendon, pelvic limb withdrawal and gastrocnemius muscle reflexes, motor function of the tail and faecal continence) were statistically insignificant ( P = 1) before surgery and 24 h after surgery, as well as between groups A and B 24 h after surgery. Results of all tested parameters were statistically insignificant ( P = 1) before surgery and 14 days after surgery, as well as between groups A and B 14 days after surgery. Conclusions and relevance The briskness of the perineal reflex was significantly decreased and the occurrence of spinal pain significantly increased 24 h after surgery. A parallel with a low-grade positioning-dependent nerve injury as described in human medicine may be drawn. However, no positioning method was proven to be superior to the other.

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