Pediatric Imaging of the Elbow: A Pictorial Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 558-565
Author(s):  
Tim Vanmarsnille ◽  
Frederiek Laloo ◽  
Nele Herregods ◽  
Jacob L. Jaremko ◽  
Koenraad L. Verstraete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Elbow Injuries ◽  
Pictorial Essay ◽  
Complex Joint ◽  
Diagnostic Pitfalls

AbstractThe elbow is a complex joint, subject to a wide range of traumatic, inflammatory, metabolic and neoplastic insults. The pediatric elbow has several diagnostic pitfalls due to the normal developmental changes in children. Knowledge of these normal variants is essential for both diagnosis and management of their elbow injuries. Radiography remains the first imaging modality of choice. Magnetic resonance imaging is excellent in evaluating lesions within the bone and soft tissues. In this pictorial essay, we provide insights into pediatric elbow imaging, show a range of entities specific to the pediatric elbow, and discuss diagnostic pitfalls that result from normal elbow growth in children.

scholarly journals Splenic Anomalies of Shape, Size, and Location: Pictorial Essay

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalet Elcin Yildiz ◽  
Macit Orhan Ariyurek ◽  
Musturay Karcaaltincaba
Keyword(s):  
Accessory Spleen ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pictorial Essay ◽  
Pathologic Processes ◽  
Splenopancreatic Fusion ◽  
Diagnostic Pitfalls ◽  
Small Spleen

Spleen can have a wide range of anomalies including its shape, location, number, and size. Although most of these anomalies are congenital, there are also acquired types. Congenital anomalies affecting the shape of spleen are lobulations, notches, and clefts; the fusion and location anomalies of spleen are accessory spleen, splenopancreatic fusion, and wandering spleen; polysplenia can be associated with a syndrome. Splenosis and small spleen are acquired anomalies which are caused by trauma and sickle cell disease, respectively. These anomalies can be detected easily by using different imaging modalities including ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and also Tc-99m scintigraphy. In this pictorial essay, we review the imaging findings of these anomalies which can cause diagnostic pitfalls and be interpreted as pathologic processes.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-guided musculoskeletal interventional procedures around the shoulder

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (85) ◽  
pp. e162-e168
Author(s):  
Silvia Tortora ◽  
◽  
Carmelo Messina ◽  
Salvatore Gitto ◽  
Vito Chianca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Interventional Procedures ◽  
Ultrasound Guidance ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Adhesive Capsulitis ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Ultrasound Monitoring ◽  
Wide Range

Ultrasound is a fast, accessible, reliable, and radiation-free imaging modality routinely used to assess the soft tissues around the shoulder. It enables to identify a wide range of pathological conditions. Furthermore, most ultrasound-guided musculoskeletal interventional procedures around the shoulder produce better results in terms of accuracy and clinical efficacy than those performed in a blinded fashion. Indeed, intra-articular and peri-articular interventional procedures can be easily performed under continuous ultrasound monitoring to ensure the correct position of the needle and to deliver the medication to a specific target. Several technical approaches and medications can be used to treat different causes of painful shoulder. Intra-articular injections are applied to treat acromioclavicular osteoarthritis as well as glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis and adhesive capsulitis. Subacromialsubdeltoid bursitis, either presenting as a primary inflammatory condition or secondary to rotator cuff disorders, can be easily approached using ultrasound guidance to aspirate synovial effusion and to inject medications. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous irrigation is a well-established technique increasingly applied to treat patients with rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy. Also, degenerative rotator cuff tendinopathy can be conservatively treated by image-guided interventions, specifically with needling under ultrasound guidance that can be associated with injections of platelet-rich plasma. Lastly, periarticular peripheral nerve block can be quickly and safely performed under ultrasound guidance, particularly in conditions involving the suprascapular nerve in the setting of pre-operative analgesia or pain treatment in glenohumeral osteoarthritis and adhesive capsulitis. In this article, the most common ultrasound-guided procedures around the shoulder have been reviewed to discuss indications and techniques.

Imaging the Endometrium: A Pictorial Essay

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia T. Sadro
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Pelvic Ultrasound ◽  
Pictorial Essay ◽  
Menstrual History ◽  
Additional Imaging ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Premalignant Conditions

Female gynaecologic conditions arising from the endometrium are common and depend on a woman's age, her menstrual history, and the use of medications such as hormone replacement and tamoxifen. Both benign and malignant conditions affect the endometrium. Benign conditions must be distinguished from malignant and premalignant conditions. The most commonly used imaging modality for evaluating the endometrium is pelvic ultrasound with transabdominal and transvaginal techniques. Additional imaging methods include hysterosonography and magnetic resonance imaging. This pictorial essay will review the normal and abnormal appearance of the endometrium and diagnostic algorithms to evaluate abnormal vaginal bleeding and abnormal endometrial thickness.

scholarly journals Fat-containing liver lesions: a pictorial review

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Braz Parente ◽  
Jaime Araújo Oliveira Neto ◽  
Antonio Luis Eiras de Araújo ◽  
Rosana Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Renata Mello Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Liver Lesions ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Pictorial Essay ◽  
Characteristic Features

Abstract The aim of this pictorial essay is to review the spectrum of fat-containing liver lesions and their characterisation on magnetic resonance imaging with focus on the radiological features that aid in the differential diagnoses. Fat-containing liver lesions comprise a heterogeneous group of tumours with variable imaging findings. Magnetic resonance imaging clearly displays the micro- and macroscopic fat components of the lesions and other characteristic features that are helpful tools to make the differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals Penile emergencies: a review of the main conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
George Caldas Dantas ◽  
Francisco Cavalcante Jr. ◽  
Fernando Ide Yamauchi ◽  
Marcelo C. J. Racy ◽  
Antônio Rahal Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Radiologic Findings ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Pictorial Essay ◽  
Infectious Etiology

Abstract Acute penile conditions, which typically have a traumatic, vascular, or infectious etiology, are rather uncommon and often require prompt medical evaluation. Penile emergencies can be treated conservatively or surgically, and their management often relies on the results of imaging examinations. Because of its high spatial resolution and wide availability, as well as the fact that it does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice in the initial evaluation of penile emergencies. Inconclusive cases can be further evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging. The main purpose of this pictorial essay is to review the main penile emergencies, by presenting illustrative cases, focusing on radiologic findings, and discussing the roles played by the various imaging methods.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging as the Primary Imaging Modality in Children Presenting with Inflammatory Nontraumatic Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxation

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Katharina J. Wenger ◽  
Elke Hattingen ◽  
Luciana Porto
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Surgical History ◽  
Rotatory Subluxation

Inflammatory nontraumatic atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AAS) in children is an often-missed diagnosis, especially in the early stages of disease. Abscess formation and spinal cord compression are serious risks that call for immediate surgical attention. Neither radiographs nor non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images sufficiently indicate inflammatory processes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows a thorough evaluation of paraspinal soft tissues, joints, and ligaments. In addition, it can show evidence of vertebral distraction and spinal cord compression. After conducting a scoping review of the literature, along with scientific and practical considerations, we outlined a standardized pediatric MRI protocol for suspected inflammatory nontraumatic AAS. We recommend contrast-enhanced MRI as the primary diagnostic imaging modality in children with signs of torticollis in combination with nasopharyngeal inflammatory or ear nose and throat (ENT) surgical history.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal dromedary camel tarsus

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakriya Ali Al Mohamad ◽  
Usama Hagag ◽  
Mohamed Gomaa Tawfiek ◽  
Ayman El Nahas
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligaments ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most versatile and informative imaging modality for the diagnosis of locomotor injuries in many animal species; however, veterinary literature describing the MRI of the dromedary camel tarsus is lacking. Our purpose was to describe and compare the MRI images of twelve cadaveric tarsi, examined in a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner, with their corresponding anatomical gross sections. Turbo spin-echo (TSE) T1-weighted (T1), T2-weighted (T2), proton density-weighted (PD), and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences were obtained in 3 planes. Tarsi were sectioned in sagittal, dorsal, and transverse planes. MRI images from different sequences and planes were described and compared with the anatomical sections. Results The soft and osseous tissues of the dromedary camel tarsus could be clearly defined on MRI images and corresponded extensively with the gross anatomic sections. The obtained MRI images enabled comprehensive assessment of the anatomic relationships among the osseous and soft tissues of the camel tarsus. Several structure were evaluated that cannot be imaged using radiography or ultrasonography, including the transverse inter-tarsal ligaments, the talocalcaneal ligament, the short dorsal ligament, branches of the short medial and lateral collateral ligaments and the tarsometatarsal ligaments. Specific anatomical features regarding the dromedary camel tarsus were identified, including the fused second and third tarsal bone, an additional bundle of the short medial collateral ligament connecting the talus and metatarsus and the medial and lateral limbs of the long plantar ligament. Conclusions MRI images provided a thorough evaluation of the normal dromedary camel tarsus. Information provided in the current study is expected to serve as a basis for interpretation in clinical situations.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal dromedary camel tarsus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usama Hagag ◽  
Zakriya Ali Almohamad ◽  
Mohamed Gomaa Tawfiek ◽  
Ayman El Nahas
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligaments ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most versatile and informative imaging modality for the diagnosis of locomotor injuries in many animal species; however, veterinary literature describing the MRI of the dromedary camel tarsus is lacking. Our purpose was to describe and compare the MRI images of twelve cadaveric tarsi, examined in a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner, with their corresponding anatomical gross sections. Turbo spin-echo (TSE) T1-weighted (T1), T2-weighted (T2), proton density-weighted (PD), and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences were obtained in 3 planes. Tarsi were sectioned in sagittal, dorsal, and transverse planes. MRI images from different sequences and planes were described and compared with the anatomical sections.Results: The soft and osseous tissues of the dromedary camel tarsus could be clearly defined on MRI images and corresponded extensively with the gross anatomic sections. The obtained MRI images enabled comprehensive assessment of the anatomic relationships among the osseous and soft tissues of the camel tarsus. Several structure were evaluated that cannot be imaged using radiography or ultrasonography, including the transverse inter-tarsal ligaments, the talocalcaneal ligament, the short dorsal ligament, branches of the short medial and lateral collateral ligaments and the tarsometatarsal ligaments. Specific anatomical features regarding the dromedary camel tarsus were identified, including the fused second and third tarsal bone, an additional bundle of the short medial collateral ligament connecting the talus and metatarsus and the medial and lateral limbs of the long plantar ligament. Conclusions: MRI images provided a thorough evaluation of the normal dromedary camel tarsus. Information provided in the current study is expected to serve as a basis for interpretation in clinical situations.

Functional information from magnetic resonance imaging

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 84-85
Author(s):  
Alan P. Koretsky ◽  
Afonso Costa e Silva ◽  
Yi-Jen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Functional Information ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
High Resolution Mri

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become established as an important imaging modality for the clinical management of disease. This is primarily due to the great tissue contrast inherent in magnetic resonance images of normal and diseased organs. Due to the wide availability of high field magnets and the ability to generate large and rapidly switched magnetic field gradients there is growing interest in applying high resolution MRI to obtain microscopic information. This symposium on MRI microscopy highlights new developments that are leading to increased resolution. The application of high resolution MRI to significant problems in developmental biology and cancer biology will illustrate the potential of these techniques.In combination with a growing interest in obtaining high resolution MRI there is also a growing interest in obtaining functional information from MRI. The great success of MRI in clinical applications is due to the inherent contrast obtained from different tissues leading to anatomical information.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional anatomy, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the banded houndshark (Triakis scyllium)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Wha Kim ◽  
Adams Hei Long Yuen ◽  
Cherry Tsz Ching Poon ◽  
Joon Oh Hwang ◽  
Chang Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Evolutionary Developmental Biology ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractDue to their important phylogenetic position among extant vertebrates, sharks are an invaluable group in evolutionary developmental biology studies. A thorough understanding of shark anatomy is essential to facilitate these studies and documentation of this iconic taxon. With the increasing availability of cross-sectional imaging techniques, the complicated anatomy of both cartilaginous and soft tissues can be analyzed non-invasively, quickly, and accurately. The aim of this study is to provide a detailed anatomical description of the normal banded houndshark (Triakis scyllium) using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) along with cryosection images. Three banded houndsharks were scanned using a 64-detector row spiral CT scanner and a 3 T MRI scanner. All images were digitally stored and assessed using open-source Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine viewer software in the transverse, sagittal, and dorsal dimensions. The banded houndshark cadavers were then cryosectioned at approximately 1-cm intervals. Corresponding transverse cryosection images were chosen to identify the best anatomical correlations for transverse CT and MRI images. The resulting images provided excellent detail of the major anatomical structures of the banded houndshark. The illustrations in the present study could be considered as a useful reference for interpretation of normal and pathological imaging studies of sharks.

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