The Phases of Hahnemann's Medical Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 317-321
Author(s):  
Peter Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Ongoing Programme

AbstractUsing data from his casebooks, this study explores the medical practice of Hahnemann with a focus on his changing use of medicines and potency. This study also identifies several phases in his use of medicines that connect with his ongoing programme of new provings. This study also reveals that only when he had chanced upon the antipsoric medicines, he did stop changing his medicines. Similarly, data taken from the casebooks reveal changes in his use of potency and the development of his unique method of preparing medicines as he experimented with higher and higher potencies as his career progressed.

scholarly journals Medical Practice Differences Among Internal Medicine Fellows During in-hospital Emergency Department 24-hour Shifts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Repusic ◽  
Matea Kolacevic Zeljkovic ◽  
Alen Babacanli ◽  
Vida Olujic ◽  
Sandra Radovanic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emergency Medical Team ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background There are limited data which show how Emergency Department (ED)-specific knowledge and skills are acquired throughout the internal medicine fellowship, especially during 24-hour shifts. The aim of the study was to assess the differences in medical practice between fellows among different fellowship-years in ED settings. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective study at a large university hospital using data on every ED examination done during 2016. All data were taken from the hospital information system. We compared 1st-year fellows with all older fellows, as well as 5th-year fellows with all younger fellows. Results In 2016, 55 fellows had ≥ 15 24-hour shifts with 3 attending fellows during one shift. A total of 19’916 patients were examined by attending fellows in the ED. When compared to 2nd-year fellows, 1st-year fellows examined more patients brought to ED by out-of-hospital emergency medical team and had significantly higher share of examined patients per 24-hour shift with lower length of stay. When compared to 5th-year fellows, 1st-year fellows examined older patients, but had lower share of examined patients during one 24-hour shift and participated in fewer CPR cases. When compared to younger fellows, 5th-year fellows participated in more CPR cases and had higher proportion of patients admitted to hospital. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report on the ED medical practice differences among fellows of different fellowship-year. When compared to other fellows, 1st-year fellows participated less in CPR cases, but were faster in providing medical care in ED. 5th-year fellows had the highest proportion of patients admitted to hospital and more CPR cases.

scholarly journals Use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal cancer in Japan: analysis using a national database

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 639-645
Author(s):  
Ryoko Rikitake ◽  
Yoichiro Tsukada ◽  
Mizuo Ando ◽  
Masafumi Yoshida ◽  
Momoko Iwamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
National Database ◽  
Intensity Modulated ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) yields better outcomes and fewer toxicities for radiation therapy (RT) of head and neck cancers (HNCs), including nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). IMRT is the standard RT treatment and has been widely adopted in Western countries to treat HNCs. However, its uptake in clinical practice among NPC patients has never been studied. Methods We investigated the use of IMRT for NPC using data from a nationwide cancer registry to describe the use of IMRT among NPC patients in Japan. We analyzed the data of patients with HNC, including NPC, who underwent IMRT between 2012 and 2014, as recorded in the hospital-based cancer registries linked with insurance claims. We calculated the proportion of patients with NPC who underwent IMRT at each hospital. To evaluate the use of IMRT for NPC, the IMRT use for NPC was compared with the proportion of patients with prostate cancer who underwent IMRT. Results Among 508 patients with NPC who underwent RT at one of 87 hospitals, 348 (69%) underwent IMRT. This proportion gradually increased between 2012 and 2014 (62%, 64% and 77%). Meanwhile, 4790 patients with prostate cancer (90%) underwent IMRT. Although some hospitals where IMRT was performed treated many patients with NPC, the proportion of patients with NPC who were treated with IMRT was low. Conclusions IMRT has not been widely adopted in Japan for treating NPC. Barriers for adopting its use should be identified to close the gap between the standard and actual medical practice in Japan.

Using Data to Improve Medical Practice by Measuring Processes and Outcomes of Care

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 667-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene C. Nelson ◽  
Mark E. Splaine ◽  
Marjorie M. Godfrey ◽  
Victoria Kahn ◽  
AnnMarie Hess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Outcomes Of Care ◽  
Using Data

Statistical Models for Estimating CPUE from Catch and Effort Data

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1315-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Richards ◽  
Jon T. Schnute
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Bivariate Model ◽  
Bivariate Models ◽  
Abundance Indices ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Using Data

Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) provides one of the most commonly used abundance indices in fishery research. The literature, however, offers no unique method of estimating CPUE and its variance from catch and effort data. In this paper we develop two models (univariate and bivariate) that generalize previous approaches and remain valid under management restrictions on catch and/or effort. Both models estimate CPUE from measures of central tendency in the underlying catch and effort distributions. The models involve normalizing transformation parameters that, along with other parameters, are estimated by maximum likelihood. We illustrate the models using data from Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus). For the four data sets examined, the univariate and bivariate models result in similar estimates of CPUE. However, other commonly used CPUE measures lead to inconsistent results, in particular for data sets in which catch was restricted by low trip limits. We recommend the bivariate model, since it accounts for the bivariate structure of catch and effort data. Furthermore, it can easily be adapted to accommodate alternative indices, for example, the effort required to attain a specified catch.

scholarly journals Medical practice differences among internal medicine fellows during in-hospital Emergency Department 24-hour shifts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Repušić Babacanli ◽  
Matea Kolačević Zeljković ◽  
Alen Babacanli ◽  
Vida Olujić ◽  
Sandra Radovanić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emergency Medical Team ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background There are limited data which show how Emergency Department (ED)-specific knowledge and skills are acquired throughout the internal medicine fellowship, especially during 24-hour shifts. The aim of the study was to assess the differences in medical practice between fellows among different fellowship-years in ED settings. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective study at a large university hospital using data on every ED examination done during 2016. All data were taken from the hospital information system. We compared 1st-year fellows with all older fellows, as well as 5th-year fellows with all younger fellows. Results In 2016, 55 fellows had ≥ 15 24-hour shifts with 3 attending fellows during one shift. A total of 19’916 patients were examined by attending fellows in the ED. When compared to 2nd-year fellows, 1st-year fellows examined more patients brought to ED by out-of-hospital emergency medical team and had significantly higher share of examined patients per 24-hour shift with lower length of stay. When compared to 5th-year fellows, 1st-year fellows examined older patients, but had lower share of examined patients during one 24-hour shift and participated in fewer CPR cases. When compared to younger fellows, 5th-year fellows participated in more CPR cases and had higher proportion of patients admitted to hospital. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report on the ED medical practice differences among fellows of different fellowship-year. When compared to other fellows, 1st-year fellows participated less in CPR cases, but were faster in providing medical care in ED. 5th-year fellows had the highest proportion of patients admitted to hospital and more CPR cases.

Polar Magnetic Field Reversals of the Sun in Maunder Minimum

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 193-196
Author(s):  
V. I. Makarov ◽  
A. G. Tlatov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Field Reversal ◽  
Polar Magnetic Field ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Magnetic Field Reversal

AbstractA possible scenario of polar magnetic field reversal of the Sun during the Maunder Minimum (1645–1715) is discussed using data of magnetic field reversals of the Sun for 1880–1991 and the14Ccontent variations in the bi-annual rings of the pine-trees in 1600–1730 yrs.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Modeling Self-Determination Theory Motivation Data by Using Unfolding IRT

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Philipp A. Freund ◽  
Annette Lohbeck
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Point ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Irt Model ◽  
Autonomous Behavior ◽  
Location Parameters ◽  
Unfolding Models ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Item Location

Abstract. Self-determination theory (SDT) suggests that the degree of autonomous behavior regulation is a characteristic of distinct motivation types which thus can be ordered on the so-called Autonomy-Control Continuum (ACC). The present study employs an item response theory (IRT) model under the ideal point response/unfolding paradigm in order to model the response process to SDT motivation items in theoretical accordance with the ACC. Using data from two independent student samples (measuring SDT motivation for the academic subjects of Mathematics and German as a native language), it was found that an unfolding model exhibited a relatively better fit compared to a dominance model. The item location parameters under the unfolding paradigm showed clusters of items representing the different regulation types on the ACC to be (almost perfectly) empirically separable, as suggested by SDT. Besides theoretical implications, perspectives for the application of ideal point response/unfolding models in the development of measures for non-cognitive constructs are addressed.

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