scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of Digital Radiograph and Low-Dose Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis of Fishbone Retention in the Oropharynx

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jirapa Chansangrat
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Digital Radiographs ◽  
Digital Radiograph ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

Abstract Introduction Fishbone foreign body retention is one of the most common problem with various clinical manifestations from asymptomatic, abscess formation, and perforation to mediastinitis with subsequence morbidity and mortality. Accurately identifying the location of the fishbone leads to precise removal, which, in turn, prevents serious consequences. Digital radiographs have been widely used for diagnosis, but many studies show poor sensitivity. Object The present study was designed to compare the diagnostic performances of digital radiograph and low-dose computed tomography (CT) for fishbone retention and to demonstrate the radiation dose of the two modalities. Methods We collected 2 pieces of fishbone from each of the 15 species commonly eaten in Southeast Asia. We embedded each fishbone in a fresh pig's neck, then subjected the pig's neck to lateral soft tissue neck digital radiograph. The locations to embed included tonsil, base of tongue, and upper esophagus. Then, we subjected the same specimen to a CT scan. Two experienced radiologists interpreted each image. Results Visibility in the digital radiograph group was 13%, and in CT images group, it was 87% regardless of the locations. The average radiation dose from digital radiographs was 0.4 mGy (radiation dose field), while from CT images it was 8.6 mGy (CT dose index). Conclusion Most of the common fishbones in Southeast Asia could not be visualized by digital radiograph when embedded in the neck. Computed tomography scans demonstrated better diagnostic performance of fishbone retention compared to digital radiographs, regardless of the embedded location.

Diagnostic performance of advanced modeled iterative reconstruction applied images for detecting urinary stones on submillisievert low-dose computed tomography

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1002-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Hee Ahn ◽  
Seung Ho Kim ◽  
Seung Jin Kim ◽  
In Chul Nam ◽  
Sung Jae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Iterative Reconstruction ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Know How ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

Background Repeated computed tomography (CT) scans may be an issue in young adults with urinary stones. Therefore, it is important to know how far the dose can be reduced while maintaining the diagnostic performance. Purpose To generate a hypothesis that it is feasible to decrease the radiation dose to a sub-millisievert (mSv) level with the addition of advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE) while maintaining the sensitivity to standard-dose CT (SDCT) for the detection of urinary stones. Material and Methods Ninety-two consecutive patients with urinary stones underwent non-enhanced CT that consisted of standard (120 kVp, 200 mAs) and lose-dose (LDCT) (80 kVp, 60 mAs). The LDCT images were reconstructed separately with five different strengths of ADMIRE (hereafter, S1–S5) and filtered back projection (FBP). Two blinded radiologists independently recorded a number of urinary stones in the six LDCT datasets and SDCT. The sensitivity of each set for detecting urinary stones was compared using the McNemar test. Results A total of 240 urinary stones were analyzed. The sensitivities of the six LDCT datasets showed no difference (FBP, S1–S5, for reader 1: 78%, 79%, 79%, 80%, 80%, and 80%; for reader 2: 64%, 63%, 64%, 64%, 65%, and 66%, P > 0.05, respectively), which were lower than those of SDCT for both readers (reader 1: 88%; reader 2: 81%, P < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion Despite the addition of ADMIRE, it may not be feasible to decrease the radiation dose to a sub-mSv level while maintaining the sensitivity to SDCT for the detection of urinary stones.

scholarly journals Low Dose Computed Tomography in Diagnosis of Ureteric Calculus in Obese Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Mahesh Gautam ◽  
Aziz Ullah ◽  
Manish Raj Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Iterative Reconstruction ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Reconstruction Technique ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography ◽  
Effective Radiation

Background: Standard dose computed tomography is standard imaging modality in diagnosis of urolithiasis. The introduction of low dose techniques results in decrease radiation dose without significant change in image quality. However, the image quality of low dose computed tomography is affected by skin fold thickness and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue. The aim of this study to evaluate stone location, size, and density using low dose computed tomography compared with standard dose computed tomography in obese population. Material and Methods: This non-randomized non-inferiority trial includes 120 patient having BMI≥25kg/m2 with acute ureteric colic. The low dose and standard dose computed tomography were performed accordingly. Effective radiation doses were calculated from dose-length product obtained from scan report using conversion factor of 0.015. The images were reconstructed using iterative reconstruction algorithm. Effective dose, number and size of stone, Hounsfield Unit value of stone and image quality was assessed. Results: Stones were located in 69 (57.5%) in right and 51 (42.5%) in left ureter. There was no statistical difference in mean diameter, number and density of stones in low dose as compared with standard dose. The radiation dose was significantly lower with low dose. (3.68 mSv) The delineation of the ureter, outline of the stones and image quality in low dose was overall sufficient for diagnosis. No images of low dose scan were subjectively rated as non-diagnostics. Conclusion: Low dose computed tomography with iterative reconstruction technique is as effective as standard dose in diagnosis of ureteric stones in obese patients with lower effective radiation dose.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of Ultra-Low-Dose Computed Tomography for Detecting Asbestos-Related Pleuropulmonary Diseases: Prospective Study in a Screening Setting

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e0168979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marysa Schaal ◽  
François Severac ◽  
Aissam Labani ◽  
Mi-Young Jeung ◽  
Catherine Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

Uncertainty in organ delineation using low-dose computed tomography images with high-strength iterative reconstruction technique in radiotherapy for prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Yoshida ◽  
Tetsuya Tomida ◽  
Atsushi Urikura ◽  
Yuki Aoyama ◽  
Yoichiro Hosokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Iterative Reconstruction ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Radiotherapy Planning ◽  
Observer Variability ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to investigate the uncertainty in organ delineation of low-dose computed tomography (CT) images using a high-strength iterative reconstruction (IR) during radiotherapy planning for the treatment of prostate cancer. Methods Two CT datasets were prepared with different dose levels by adjusting the reconstruction slice thickness. Two observers independently delineated the prostate, seminal vesicles, bladder and rectum on both images without referring to other modality images. The delineated organ volumes were compared between both images. Observer delineation variability was assessed using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and mean distance to agreement. Results No significant differences regarding the delineated organ volumes were observed between the low- and standard-dose images for all organs. Regarding inter-observer variability, the DSC was relatively high for both images, whereas mean distance to agreement was not significantly different between images (p > 0·05 for all). Intra-observer variability for each observer showed high DSC (>0·8 and >0·9 for seminal vesicles and other organs, respectively) but no significant differences in the mean distance to agreement (p > 0·05 for all). Conclusions Our results indicate that low-dose CT images with high-strength IR would be available for organ delineation in the radiotherapy treatment planning for prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Possibilities of applying model-based iterative reconstructions in computed tomography of the lungs

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Silin ◽  
I. S. Gruzdev ◽  
G. V. Berkovich ◽  
A. E. Nikolaev ◽  
S. P. Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Diagnostic Quality ◽  
Screening Programs

Aim: A literature review of the possibilities of applying model iterative reconstruction (MIR) in computed tomography to improve image quality, including in low-dose scanning protocols.Materials and methods. The analysis of publications devoted to the application of MIR to reduce the radiation dose and improve the quality of images in CT diagnostics of lung pathology with an emphasis on the value of the achieved radiation dose was carried out.Results. The use of MIR eliminates digital noise from medical images, improving their quality. This feature can significantly reduce radiation exposure with low-dose protocols without loss of diagnostic quality. On average, application of MIR allows to reduce the radiation dose by 70% compared to a standard protocol, without increasing the noise level of CT images and maintaining the contrast-to-noise ratio. Previous studies have shown positive experience with the use of MIR in lung cancer screening programs and monitoring of cancer patients.Conclusion. The introduction of MIR in clinical practice can optimize the radiation exposure on the population without reducing the quality of CT images, however, the threshold dose to achieve a satisfactory image quality remains unexplored.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance on Low Dose Computed Tomography For Acute Appendicitis Among Attending and Resident Radiologists

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Chen Chang ◽  
Yon-Cheong Wong ◽  
Cheng-Hsien Wu ◽  
Huan-Wu Chen ◽  
Li-Jen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

scholarly journals Ulltra-low-dose computed tomography in the diagnosis of diseases of the paranasal sinuses in pediatric population: literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
A. Sh. Laipan ◽  
S. P. Morozov ◽  
L. A. Nizovtsova ◽  
I. A. Blokhin ◽  
V. A. Gombolevsky
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Radiological Studies

Background. Sinonasal diseases are widespread in childhood. Radiological studies, including computer tomography, are an optimal and effective method of diagnosis. The child's body is more sensitive to radiation exposure than adults. The threshold of exposure, which may induce internal organs injury in children, requires a precise selection of the radiological method with minimal radiation dose. There is currently no unified position in the professional community on the appropriateness of the use of ultra-low-dose computed tomography in pediatrics.We reviewed the data on the appropriateness and effectiveness of paranasal low-dose computed tomography in pediatrics.Materials. 57 domestic and foreign publications, for the period from January 2001 to November 2019. In order to achieve the objective, we analyzed relevant domestic and foreign publications in scientific libraries e-LIBRARY, PubMed, Google Scholar per the keywords: “low-dose CT”, “children”, “paranasal sinus”, “pediatric”, “diagnosis”, “children”, “low-dose computed tomography”, “sinusitis”, “paranasal sinuses”.Results. The analysis of the available literature allowed summarizing the current data on pediatric paranasal disease diagnostics and the use of computed tomography, as well as to identify possible options for reducing radiation dose.Conclusions. Conducting many radiological examinations in a child leads to the risk of cancer. However, these examinations are an effective way to diagnose paranasal diseases, and a CT scan is the “gold standard”. The actual task is to develop a CT technique with reduced radiation exposure without compromising image quality. The need to review and optimize the standard protocols of radiological studies to determine the efficacy and feasibility of studies with minimal radiation exposure to children is justified.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening for Lung Cancer over Five Years

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 935-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Veronesi ◽  
Patrick Maisonneuve ◽  
Lorenzo Spaggiari ◽  
Cristiano Rampinelli ◽  
Alessandro Pardolesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

Clinical utility of circulating genetically abnormal cells within low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening: A correlative MCPND trial study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15536-e15536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxiang Feng ◽  
Miao Lin ◽  
Haining Zhou ◽  
Yunhe Zhu ◽  
Baishen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Abnormal Cells ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

e15536 Background: Recent screening trial results using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) have been shown to reduce lung cancer mortality in high-risk patients. However, high false-positive rates, inter-grader variability, and radiation injuries are challenging, and therefor highlight the necessity for complementary biomarkers. The diagnostic performance of circulating genetically abnormal cells (CACs) was respectively evaluated in samples collected from patients with pulmonary nodules before and after lung lobectomy within the Multicenter Chinese Pulmonary Nodule Detection (MCPND) trial. We also propose a deep learning that detects related genetically abnormal cells in excisions of symptomatic lesions to identify the source of CACs. Methods: 269 plasma samples (n = 179, before surgery; n = 90, after surgery) from 179 participants, including 125 patients with lung cancer and 54 donors with benign nodular lesions, were analyzed by using a FISH–based assay for 3p22.1, 3q29, 10q22_3 and CEP10. Diagnostic performance of CAC was evaluated in a blinded validation group. 109 paraffin-embedded specimens (45 benign nodular lesions, 64 malignancies) obtained from participants were tested in the same way to identify the genetically abnormal cells. Results: The diagnostic performance of CACs for lung cancer detection was 91% for sensitivity and 81% for specificity. For all participants, CACs had a positive predictive value of 92% and 80% for negative predictive value, respectively. Area under the ROC curve was 0.89 (P < 0.01; 95%CI (0.82, 0.96)). 90 plasma samples were drawn from patients within 10 days after surgery. Of these samples, 58 participants’ CACs level reduced and 25 of them remained stable. Moreover, of 64 malignant specimens, genetically abnormal cells were detected in 60 specimens. However, only 4 specimens were detected having genetically abnormal cells in 45 benign nodular lesions. Conclusions: This validation study indicated that the number of genetically abnormal cells in circulation decreased after surgical resection, which suggested CACs could be released from lung cancer. CACs have diagnostic and prognostic value and could assist to improve the diagnostic accuracy in early stage lung cancer after low-dose computed tomography. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR1900026233.

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