The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions and Changes in Guidelines on Adult Wrist Fracture Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheuk Yin Tse ◽  
Lawrence Hin Hai Lee ◽  
Amir Reza Akbari ◽  
Noman Shakeel Niazi ◽  
Anand Pillai
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Wrist Fracture ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Fracture Management ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had an unprecedented impact on the healthcare service of the United Kingdom. This study aims to evaluate the effect on wrist fracture care as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in British Orthopaedic Association Standards of Trauma and Orthopaedics wrist fracture management guidelines, and introduction of lockdown restrictions. Methods This is a retrospective observational study with data collected using the Pathpoint eTrauma platform (Open Medical, United Kingdom). All adults (18 years + ) admitted with wrist fractures within the study phases to Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust were included. Each phase of the study period represents a change in lockdown restrictions, including lockdown 1, period of eased restrictions after lockdown 1, lockdown 2, and lockdown 3. These phases were then compared with a prepandemic period. A total of 608 referrals were included for analysis. Results The number of referrals per week decreased from 9.94 prepandemic to as low as 8.12 during lockdown 2. Falls remained the most common mechanism of injury, followed by cycling that saw an increase by more than threefold from 2.42% prepandemic to 8.17% (p = 0.500) during lockdown 1 and 8.77% (p = 0.0164) during the easing of lockdown 1. Sports-related injuries and occupational injuries decreased throughout. Assaults and altercations, road traffic accidents, roller-skate, and skateboard-related injuries increased throughout. Surgical procedures per week decreased from 5.06 prepandemic to as low as 4.55 during lockdown 1. Procedure cancellations remained steady apart from an increase during lockdown 2. Referrals managed operatively increased from 50.9% prepandemic to 58.9% in lockdown 2, before dropping to 49.2% in lockdown 3. Mean time from presentation to surgery increased from 9.08 days prepandemic to 16.27 days in lockdown 1 but decreased to just below the prepandemic baseline thereafter. Conclusion Overall, there was a decrease in the number of wrist fracture referrals and surgical procedures compared with before the pandemic. There was also an increased wait-time to surgery and an increased rate of cancellations. Statistical analyses fail to find significance in changes other than mechanisms of injury, which resulted from lockdown restrictions. Therefore, service provision, delivery, and efficiency not affected significantly by changes in guidelines and lockdown restrictions.

The Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Mortality Among Patients with Complex Cervical Trauma

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1026-1029
Author(s):  
Florentina Severin ◽  
Elena Cojocaru ◽  
Anisia Iuliana Alexa ◽  
Diana Bulgaru Iliescu ◽  
Mihail Dan Cobzeanu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Level ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Penetrating Trauma ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Cervical Trauma ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alcohol Blood Level

Alcohol seems to be an important risk factor and a major cause of death for the patients with complex cervical trauma. The morbidity and mortality by complex cervical trauma is increasing all over the world, the most common mechanism of damage being a stab wound from violent attack, but also gunshot wounds, road traffic accidents or self-harm are noted. In addition to penetrating trauma, neck injuries can appear due to blunt trauma. We conducted a retrospective analysis on 289 deceased patients by complex cervical trauma. We aimed to focus on the relationship between alcohol blood level and cervical trauma mortality by various mechanisms. In our study, the alcohol blood level in deceased patients by complex cervical trauma is influenced by gender and socioeconomic background. Alcoholism was correlated with autolithic mechanism in 56.3% of the cases and aggression in 46.7%. Complex cervical trauma represents a pathology with multifaceted epidemiological, etiopathogenic and pathophysiological processes. Our results could bring new epidemiological data in order to improve public health policies, and from there to decrease alcohol related mortality on cervical trauma.

scholarly journals Assessing inequality, irregularity, and severity regarding road traffic safety during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Lin ◽  
Feng Shi ◽  
Weizi Li
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCOVID-19 has affected every sector of our society, among which human mobility is taking a dramatic change due to quarantine and social distancing. We investigate the impact of the pandemic and subsequent mobility changes on road traffic safety. Using traffic accident data from the city of Los Angeles and New York City, we find that the impact is not merely a blunt reduction in traffic and accidents; rather, (1) the proportion of accidents unexpectedly increases for “Hispanic” and “Male” groups; (2) the “hot spots” of accidents have shifted in both time and space and are likely moved from higher-income areas (e.g., Hollywood and Lower Manhattan) to lower-income areas (e.g., southern LA and southern Brooklyn); (3) the severity level of accidents decreases with the number of accidents regardless of transportation modes. Understanding those variations of traffic accidents not only sheds a light on the heterogeneous impact of COVID-19 across demographic and geographic factors, but also helps policymakers and planners design more effective safety policies and interventions during critical conditions such as the pandemic.

scholarly journals The impact of traffic law enforcement on road accident fatalities in Botswana

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuso Mphela
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Traffic Law ◽  
Traffic Law Enforcement ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

Botswana has one of the highest rates of increase in road traffic accidents and fatalities in the world. The amendment of road laws came with stricter penalties for road offences which included higher fines and longer jail terms. This study uses multiple regression analysis subjecting variables to backward stepwise regression with a view to assessing the impact traffic law enforcement has had on fatalities in Botswana after the review of the Traffic Act of Botswana in 2008. The study uses secondary data and interview data obtained from law enforcers. The findings reveal that the enforcement of the new road laws has achieved little in the reduction of fatalities. Increasing the minimum driver licensing age may be a panacea to road accidents. Licensed drivers in the age group 30 to 45 years have the lowest rate of fatalities. The study questions the ability of punitive policies (i.e. road fines) to reduce fatalities. It offers that driver behaviour should be studied to come up with relevant policies.

scholarly journals Using the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Inference Systems to Compare the Impact of Speed and Space Perception on the Occurrence of Road Traffic Accidents

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1548
Author(s):  
Marjana Čubranić-Dobrodolac ◽  
Libor Švadlenka ◽  
Svetlana Čičević ◽  
Aleksandar Trifunović ◽  
Momčilo Dobrodolac
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Interval Type ◽  
The Impact

A constantly increasing number of deaths on roads forces analysts to search for models that predict the driver’s propensity for road traffic accidents (RTAs). This paper aims to examine a relationship between the speed and space assessment capabilities of drivers in terms of their association with the occurrence of RTAs. The method used for this purpose is based on the implementation of the interval Type-2 Fuzzy Inference System (T2FIS). The inputs to the first T2FIS relate to the speed assessment capabilities of drivers. These capabilities were measured in the experiment with 178 young drivers, with test speeds of 30, 50, and 70 km/h. The participants assessed the aforementioned speed values from four different observation positions in the driving simulator. On the other hand, the inputs of the second T2FIS are space assessment capabilities. The same group of drivers took two types of space assessment tests—2D and 3D. The third considered T2FIS sublimates of all previously mentioned inputs in one model. The output in all three T2FIS structures is the number of RTAs experienced by a driver. By testing three proposed T2FISs on the empirical data, the result of the research indicates that the space assessment characteristics better explain participation in RTAs compared to the speed assessment capabilities. The results obtained are further confirmed by implementing a multiple regression analysis.

scholarly journals The impact of traffic flow structure on traffic safety: the case of Slovenian motorways

Transport ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Zanne ◽  
Aleš Groznik
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Public Road ◽  
Past Data ◽  
The Impact

Road traffic accident is an accident on a public road in which at least one moving vehicle has been involved and material damage or injury or death has occurred. Traffic accidents occur for various reasons, with one of them being the transport infrastructure and next the condition of traffic environment. Motorways are considered to be the safest roads, which have initially been planned as dedicated roads intended to be travelled only by personal cars, but the evolution of modal split of freight transport in Europe is causing the heterogeneity of traffic flows on these roads, which consequently affects the traffic safety. The aim of this paper is to explore the effects of changing volume and structure of traffic flows on road safety on Slovenian motorways. After the exhaustive analysis of past data, the paper provides different models for forecasting traffic safety on Slovenian motorways.

scholarly journals Comparison of road traffic accidents presenting to the emergency department of a teaching hospital before and during lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4297
Author(s):  
Siddharth Rao P. S. ◽  
Sumayya Nazneen Sayyada ◽  
Souri Reddy Pyreddy
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Mass Casualties ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Disproportionate Number ◽  
Type Of Injury ◽  
The Impact

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major cause of misery, disability and death globally, with a disproportionate number occurring in developing countries. With COVID-19 reaching pandemic proportion, a nationwide lockdown was announced on 24 March 2020 which resulted in the complete closure vehicular movement. This study aimed to assess the impact of lockdown on the number of RTAs brought to our rural tertiary care teaching hospital situated on National highway number 65.Methods: Medico-legal records were reviewed retrospectively at Kamineni institute of medical sciences hospital. The cases were classified into two groups. The pre-lockdown group included cases reporting to casualty from 1 April 2019 to 31 July 2019. The lockdown group included cases reporting to casualty from 1 April 2020 to 31 July 2020. Patient demographics, type of injury, time of injury, mode of injury were collected for all cases and analysed using simple mathematical tools.Results: There was a significant decrease in the total number of RTAs during lockdown phases 1 and 2 and during unlocking phases 1 and 2 by 52.1%. Bike skid was the most common mode of injury. The highest number of RTAs was observed between 6 am to 6 pm and the most commonly affected gender was male especially in the age group of 15-45 years.Conclusions: RTA numbers can be reduced by strict implementation of traffic rules and better road infrastructure. One positive effect of the measures implemented to control the spread of COVID-19 was the reduction of traffic accidents and mass casualties.

scholarly journals Impact 0f Prosecution Against Infringement Ticketing with Numbers Traffic Accidents in The Jurisdiction of Police Resort Semarang

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rudi Hendri Basuki ◽  
Umar Ma�ruf
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Enforcement ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Inspection ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to determine how is the implementation of the action by infringing traffic by a speeding ticket in the jurisdiction of Police in Semarang; How can the impact of infringing on a traffic enforcement with a ticket to the number of traffic accidents in the jurisdiction of Police in Semarang; and What constraints in action by infringing traffic by a speeding ticket in the jurisdiction of Semarang Police and how the solutions to overcome them.The method used by the author in this study is juridical empirical or sociological jurisdiction. Specifications of research used is descriptive analyticalBased on research conducted can be concluded that 1) Implementation of Traffic Violations Enforcement accordance with Government Regulation on Infringement Ticketing Act No. 80 Of 2012 on Procedures for� Vehicle Inspection and Enforcement Violations On the Road Traffic and Transportation Article 3, which reads� Vehicle Inspection; 2) The results in January to September 2018 is known that the impact of a speeding ticket to a very significant definitely one transport accident means the higher the number the lower the accident rate speeding ticket, speeding ticket conversely the lower the number the higher the number of accidents; and 3) Constraints in the prosecution of traffic violations by a speeding ticket in the jurisdiction of Semarang Police isThe lack of legal awareness in the society, lack of ability by the Police Authority problematic legislation, the lack of infrastructure to supportKeywords: Impact; Infringement; Traffic; Infringement Ticketing; Accident.

scholarly journals Forensic and pharmaceutical research on the impact of drugs on the safety, life and health of road users within the organization of pharmaceutical business, drug technology, pharmaceutical and medical law in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
V.V. Shapovalov (Jr.) ◽  
V.A. Shapovalova ◽  
V.V. Shapovalov
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Psychoactive Drugs ◽  
Medical Law ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Drug Technology ◽  
The Impact

Background. Around the world, drug-related road traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of injury and death among road users. Traffic safety is a system that includes the following components: a person – a person's health condition – the use of dangerous drugs of different classification and legal groups – adverse drug reactions – a vehicle – a road. The share of road traffic accidents under the influence of drugs is more than 75 %, they are also the most socially dangerous, because they have grave consequences, cause irreparable harm to the health and death of the victims. The purpose of the study was to analyze the achievements of forensic and pharmaceutical researches in Ukraine on the impact of drugs on the safety, life and health of road users within the framework of the organization of pharmaceutical business, drug technology, pharmaceutical and medical law in a retrospective aspect. Materials and methods. The materials of the imperative research were legislative, regulatory and legal documents; materials of the formation of the scientific school of forensic pharmacy; scientific publications on the topic of the article; Internet resources, sources of scientific literature. To achieve the set goals, the methods of forensic and pharmaceutical, regulatory, documentary, bibliographic, comparative, historical and graphic analysis were used. Results. The experience of the countries of the world in the prophylaxis and prevention of road traffic accidents under the influence of drugs was analyzed. The causes and conditions for the occurrence and consequences of road traffic accidents are multifactorial in nature and are associated with the victims (driver - pedestrian), vehicle, road conditions, and the use of psychoactive drugs. A system of organizational, regulatory and preventive measures has been developed to provide first medical aid to victims of a road traffic accident. Shown that there is a need for scientifically grounded organizational and legal, clinical and pharmacological, forensic pharmaceutical and socio-economic studies on causal relationships between adverse reactions due to the use of drugs of various classification and legal groups, traffic safety and road traffic accidents. For the first time in Ukraine, a mathematical model was proposed to establish the effect of psychoactive drugs on the driver's condition when driving a vehicle, depending on the calculation of the stopping path of the car in accordance with the selected speed and a decrease in the driver's response. The structure of road traffic accidents under the influence of psychoactive drugs has been investigated. Conclusions. A classification of first-aid kits for providing first medical aid to victims of road traffic accidents was proposed, which made it possible to substantiate the need to improve them both in qualitative and quantitative composition, depending on the type of vehicle and the likelihood of an accident with serious consequences. Recommendations were proposed for providing information on the possibility of obtaining medical care and the signal-calling system on the roads, marking the packages of psychoactive drugs with a special mark in the form of a red triangle. The need for further forensic pharmaceutical research has been proven.

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