Synthesis of Seven-Membered N,O-Heterocycles by Using a Palladium(sulfoxide) White-Type Catalyst

Synfacts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 0021
Keyword(s):  
White Type

scholarly journals An Intuitive Introduction to Fractional and Rough Volatilities

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 994
Author(s):  
Elisa Alòs ◽  
Jorge A. León
Keyword(s):  
Malliavin Calculus ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Natural Approach ◽  
Volatility Models ◽  
Implied Volatility Surface ◽  
Short Memory ◽  
White Type ◽  
Volatility Surface ◽  
Theoretical Results

Here, we review some results of fractional volatility models, where the volatility is driven by fractional Brownian motion (fBm). In these models, the future average volatility is not a process adapted to the underlying filtration, and fBm is not a semimartingale in general. So, we cannot use the classical Itô’s calculus to explain how the memory properties of fBm allow us to describe some empirical findings of the implied volatility surface through Hull and White type formulas. Thus, Malliavin calculus provides a natural approach to deal with the implied volatility without assuming any particular structure of the volatility. The aim of this paper is to provides the basic tools of Malliavin calculus for the study of fractional volatility models. That is, we explain how the long and short memory of fBm improves the description of the implied volatility. In particular, we consider in detail a model that combines the long and short memory properties of fBm as an example of the approach introduced in this paper. The theoretical results are tested with numerical experiments.

Exercise increases the plasma membrane content of the Na+ -K+ pump and its mRNA in rat skeletal muscles

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 699-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tsakiridis ◽  
P. P. Wong ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
C. D. Rodgers ◽  
M. Vranic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Subunit Mrna ◽  
White Type

Muscle fibers adapt to ionic challenges of exercise by increasing the plasma membrane Na+-K+ pump activity. Chronic exercise training has been shown to increase the total amount of Na+-K+ pumps present in skeletal muscle. However, the mechanism of adaptation of the Na+-K+ pump to an acute bout of exercise has not been determined, and it is not known whether it involves alterations in the content of plasma membrane pump subunits. Here we examine the effect of 1 h of treadmill running (20 m/min, 10% grade) on the subcellular distribution and expression of Na+-K+ pump subunits in rat skeletal muscles. Red type I and IIa (red-I/IIa) and white type IIa and IIb (white-IIa/IIb) hindlimb muscles from resting and exercised female Sprague-Dawley rats were removed for subcellular fractionation. By homogenization and gradient centrifugation, crude membranes and purified plasma membranes were isolated and subjected to gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting by using pump subunit-specific antibodies. Furthermore, mRNA was isolated from specific red type I (red-I) and white type IIb (white-IIb) muscles and subjected to Northern blotting by using subunit-specific probes. In both red-I/IIa and white-IIa/IIb muscles, exercise significantly raised the plasma membrane content of the alpha1-subunit of the pump by 64 +/- 24 and 55 +/- 22%, respectively (P < 0.05), and elevated the alpha2-polypeptide by 43 +/- 22 and 94 +/- 39%, respectively (P < 0.05). No significant effect of exercise could be detected on the amount of these subunits in an internal membrane fraction or in total membranes. In addition, exercise significantly increased the alpha1-subunit mRNA in red-I muscle (by 50 +/- 7%; P < 0.05) and the beta2-subunit mRNA in white-IIb muscles (by 64 +/- 19%; P < 0.01), but the alpha2- and beta1-mRNA levels were unaffected in this time period. We conclude that increased presence of alpha1- and alpha2-polypeptides at the plasma membrane and subsequent elevation of the alpha1- and beta2-subunit mRNAs may be mechanisms by which acute exercise regulates the Na+-K+ pump of skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Effect of rootstock on refraction of forced fresh pepper

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Zita Birkás ◽  
István Terbe ◽  
Márton Mészáros ◽  
Gábor Balázs
Keyword(s):  
Soilless Culture ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Row Width ◽  
White Type ◽  
Great Tradition ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Solanaceae Family ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Fresh pepper {Capsicum annuum L.) production has a great tradition in Hungary. In 2014 fresh pepper was forced on 1600 ha, which reached approximately a 10 kg/m2 yield. While in case of tomato, which belongs to the Solanaceae family, the use of grafted plants is relevant today, the practice of grafted plants in the cultivation of hungaricum fresh pepper is a not so known and used method. Therefore, the main objective of the experiment was to study the qualitative changes in response to grafting and to determine the appropriate rootstock - scion combination. The experiment was set up in unheated plastic house at the research garden of Szent István University in Soroksár. Combination of two fresh pepper varieties SV 9702 (white type) and Karpex (kapia type) and two rootstocks Snooker and Capsifort were tested in soil and soilless culture. For soil culture the soil of the plastic house and for the soilless culture coconut fiber slabs was used. Grafted and non-grafted white type fresh peppers were placed at a row width and plant spacing of 110+40 x 33 cm (4 plants per m2) while kapia at 110+40 x25 (5.3 plant per m2). After the picking the Brix content was determined at the analytical laboratory of the department. From each repeat, 6 fruits were blended and measured with manual digital refractometer (PAL-1, ATAGO). After our studies both Snooker and Capsifort rootstock are recommended in combination of SV 9702 white type and Karpex kapia type fresh pepper in soilless culture.

scholarly journals Incidence of Fusarium species and levels of fumonisin B1 in corn in the Samsun province of Turkey

2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülay Altıparmak ◽  
Berna Tunali
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
White Type ◽  
Native White ◽  
Isolated Species

The contamination of corn with fumonisin produced byFusariumspecies represents an important risk for humans and animals. The incidence ofFusariumspp. and contamination by fumonisin B1(FB1) were studied in field samples from 70 fields of corn during the 2005 and 2006 preharvest seasons in the province of Samsun, Turkey.Fusariumwas the predominant genus isolated from the field samples, withF. verticillioides,F. proliferatumandF. subglutinansbeing the most commonly isolated species. The occurrence ofFusariumspp. varied each year, from 97.14% to 78.57% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. The widespread occurrence of FB1was also observed across the Samsun province. All corn samples infected withF. verticillioides,F. proliferatumandF. subglutinanstested positive for FB1, but none were infected with FB2. Levels of FB1ranged from 0.28 to 8.48 mg kg-1in 2005 and from 0.11 to 2.77 mg kg-1in 2006. The concentration of FB1was lower than 2 mg kg-1in 63.6% of the samples, 28.8% contained from 2 mg kg-1to 5 mg kg-1, while 7.6% contained more than 5 mg kg-1. Our study shows that corn contamination with bothFusariumand FB1was present throughout the Samsun province, but it was strongly dependent on environmental and seasonal conditions. However, there was noFusariumcontamination in certain native white-type and popcorn-type cultivars in 2005 and 2006.

Nighttime Expert Panel and Photometric Evaluations of Unlighted Overhead Guide Signs

2003 ◽  
Vol 1844 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut T. Zwahlen ◽  
Andrew Russ ◽  
Şahika Vatan
Keyword(s):  
Expert Panel ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
White Type ◽  
Ohio Department Of Transportation

A nighttime field evaluation of four different retroreflective overhead-sign sheeting combinations (ASTM D4956 beaded Type III legend on beaded Type III background, Type IX legend on beaded Type III background, Type IX legend on Type IX background, and Type VII legend on beaded Type III background) was conducted on a section of US-30 near Mansfield, Ohio. The test-material combinations were compared when lighted and unlighted (illuminated by low-beam headlights only). Twelve Ohio Department of Transportation engineers and technicians served as evaluators, riding the test loops in 2002 Dodge Caravans. The white Type IX legend on green-beaded Type III background sheeting combination received the highest evaluation scores for appearance, conspicuity, and legibility. The scores for the Type VII legend on beaded Type III background signs were only slightly lower in all three categories. The Type IX legend on Type IX background combination received slightly lower evaluation scores, and the beaded Type III legend on beaded Type III background combination received the lowest evaluation scores. The same signing material combinations were also photometrically (luminance and luminance contrast ratio) evaluated under low-beam illumination at selected approach distances from 200 to 1,000 ft (61 to 305 m) using a 1984 Peterbilt truck, a 2002 Chrysler Town and Country minivan, and a 2002 Toyota Camry sedan, both when lighted and unlighted (low beams). Unlighted overhead signs made with either the white Type VII or the Type IX legends on green-beaded Type III backgrounds provide nighttime motorists with adequate appearance, conspicuity, and legibility.

The thickness and collagen content of tendon relative to the strength and cross-sectional area of muscle

1965 ◽  
Vol 162 (986) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maximum Tension ◽  
White Type ◽  
Fusiform Muscle ◽  
Mechanical Influence ◽  
Tendon Collagen

The orientation of fibrous tissue in tendon suggests a mechanical influence upon the growth of collagen, but in adult rabbits no strict correlation was found between the thickness of certain tendons and the strength of their muscles. The maximum tension transmitted by the collagen in tendons of three fusiform muscles was over fifty per cent greater than that transmitted by the same amount of tendon collagen in three penniform muscles. A similar though smaller difference between these two groups was found in the thickness of their tendons relative to the cross-sectional area of their muscle fasciculi. The tendon of a slow, red, fusiform muscle was relatively thicker than those of the other muscles which were all of the fast, white type.

A White-Type Multiple-Pass Absorption Cell of Simple Construction

1963 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 764_1 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. McCubbin ◽  
R. P. Grosso
Keyword(s):  
Simple Construction ◽  
Absorption Cell ◽  
Multiple Pass ◽  
White Type

scholarly journals Variations of Leek yellow stripe virus Concentration in Garlic and Its Incidence in Argentina

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 1085-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma C. Conci ◽  
Pablo Lunello ◽  
Diana Buraschi ◽  
Rusell R. Italia ◽  
Sergio F. Nome
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
White Type ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Das Elisa

The purpose of this work was to determine variations in titer of Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) throughout the crop cycle and bulb storage, and to evaluate the incidence of infected plants in the main garlic-production regions of Argentina. One hundred plants with LYSV from each of five cultivars were analyzed by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) in six different vegetative stages in White- and Red-type garlic cultivars and seven stages in cv. Rosado Paraguayo, throughout the year. In two White-type garlic cultivars, LYSV showed peaks of viral concentration in May, at the beginning of the crop cycle, and in November, just before harvest. In two Red-type garlic selections, an increase was detected in November (period of bulbing). The highest virus titers for these four garlic cultivars were detected in devernalized clove. In Rosado Paraguayo, the peak virus concentration occurred in September prior to harvesting. In a survey at 14 different localities in Argentina, 3,066 random samples were analyzed. LYSV was found in 80 to 98% of the plants from all regions, except in Santa Cruz, where 34% of plants were infected. The importance of this study is that it allows us to recommend the most suitable moment of the year to make the analysis with DAS-ELISA.

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