Pediatric Sciatic Neuropathy Secondary to Subacute Ischial Osteomyelitis: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Cuérel ◽  
C. Habre ◽  
Christina N. Steiger ◽  
Giacomo DeMarco ◽  
Anne Tabard-Fougère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Infectious Process ◽  
Sciatic Neuropathy ◽  
Iatrogenic Injuries ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Subacute Osteomyelitis

AbstractSciatic neuropathy (SN) is rarely encountered in the pediatric population. The causes of this mononeuropathy are either infectious, immune mediated, toxic, or infiltrative (tumoral). In this article, we presented the case of a 7.5-year-old male child who presented to the emergency department with a painful right lower limb. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of subacute osteomyelitis of the ischium, which extended toward the external hip rotators and infiltrated the tissues around the sciatic nerve. Treatment with intravenous antibiotics (flucloxacillin 50 mg/kg/d and gentamicin 10 mg/kg/d) rapidly improved the child's condition and relieved neurological symptoms within a few days. Traumatic and iatrogenic injuries are the most common causes for SN. To our knowledge, this presented case is the first to describe SN due to an infectious process following subacute osteomyelitis.

Plasma Exchange in Refractory Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Associated with COVID-19: the Technical Challenges in a Developing Country

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumantra Kumar Raut ◽  
Mihir Sarkar ◽  
Arpita Khemka ◽  
Kalpana Datta ◽  
Mousumi Nandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Exchange ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Technical Challenges ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractEvaluation of acquired demyelinating syndrome (ADS) without diagnostic biomarkers results in diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in pediatric population. Immune-mediated ADS of childhood responds well to steroid and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and in refractory cases with plasma exchange. Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) coinfection in such cases imposes technical challenges in management. An 11-year-old girl with quadriparesis and loss of vision and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain showing acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and cerebrospinal fluid examination being noncontributory responded well with plasma exchange after failing steroid and IVIg is described. Coinfection with COVID-19 mandating personal protection in a temperate country imposed technical challenges in her management.

Predicting composition of leg sections with anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis, using magnetic resonance imaging as reference

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. FULLER ◽  
C. R. HARDINGHAM ◽  
M. GRAVES ◽  
N. SCREATON ◽  
A. K. DIXON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate and compare with anthropometry a fundamental bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method for predicting muscle and adipose tissue composition in the lower limb. Healthy volunteers (eight men and eight women), aged 41 to 62 years, with mean (S.D.) body mass indices of 28.6 (5.4) kg/m2 and 25.1 (5.4) kg/m2 respectively, were subjected to MRI leg scans, from which 20-cm sections of thigh and 10-cm sections of lower leg (calf) were analysed for muscle and adipose tissue content, using specifically developed software. Muscle and adipose tissue were also predicted from anthropometric measurements of circumferences and skinfold thicknesses, and by use of fundamental BIA equations involving section impedance at 50 kHz and tissue-specific resistivities. Anthropometric assessments of circumferences, cross-sectional areas and volumes for total constituent tissues matched closely MRI estimates. Muscle volume was substantially overestimated (bias: thigh, -40%; calf, -18%) and adipose tissue underestimated (bias: thigh, 43%; calf, 8%) by anthropometry, in contrast to generally better predictions by the fundamental BIA approach for muscle (bias: thigh, -12%; calf, 5%) and adipose tissue (bias: thigh, 17%; calf, -28%). However, both methods demonstrated considerable individual variability (95% limits of agreement 20–77%). In general, there was similar reproducibility for anthropometric and fundamental BIA methods in the thigh (inter-observer residual coefficient of variation for muscle 3.5% versus 3.8%), but the latter was better in the calf (inter-observer residual coefficient of variation for muscle 8.2% versus 4.5%). This study suggests that the fundamental BIA method has advantages over anthropometry for measuring lower limb tissue composition in healthy individuals.

scholarly journals An Atypical Presentation of Chylous Ascites

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
TR Tanusha ◽  
Mamatha B Patil
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Chylous Ascites ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Atypical Presentation ◽  
Common Causes

ABSTRACT Chylous ascites (CA) is the extravasation of milky chyle into the peritoneal cavity. Chylous ascites commonly affects adults in 50 to 60 years of age but can also occur in pediatric population. In adults, the most common causes are abdominal malignancies and cirrhosis which account for more than two-third of the cases in developed countries, whereas infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis and filariasis, are prevalent in developing countries. Other causes include congenital, inflammatory, postoperative, traumatic and miscellaneous disorders. We hereby report two atypical cases of chylous ascites and also briefly discuss the causes and treatment. How to cite this article Tanusha TR, Patil MB. An Atypical Presentation of Chylous Ascites. J Med Sci 2015;1(1):17-20.

scholarly journals Mycoplasma pneumoniae Seroprevalence and Total IgE Levels in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dimitri Poddighe ◽  
Diyora Abdukhakimova ◽  
Kuanysh Dossybayeva ◽  
Zaure Mukusheva ◽  
Maykesh Assylbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Serum Ige ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Very High

Background. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is implicated in several immune-mediated extrapulmonary manifestations, including reactive arthritis. Recently, increased total serum IgE were reported in children developing M. pneumoniae-related extrapulmonary diseases (MpEPDs). Here, we aimed at analyzing these aspects in children affected with rheumatic disorders and, in detail, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Methods. M. pneumoniae serology (IgG and IgM) and total serum IgE were concomitantly analyzed in 139 pediatric patients diagnosed with: JIA (Group 1, n = 85 ), or any rheumatic disease other than JIA (Group 2, n = 27 ), or non-inflammatory endocrinological disorders (Group 3, n = 27 ). Results. Overall, 19.4% M. pneumoniae seroprevalence was observed in this hospitalized pediatric population, without signicant differences among the three groups. No significant differences in total serum IgE levels were noted among these groups; however, a second analysis excluding children with very high (and clearly abnormal) IgE levels suggested that JIA patients and, in detail, those with oligopolyarticular forms may have higher serum IgE concentrations. This relative difference among groups in serum IgE level seems to be more pronounced in M. pneumoniae seropositive children. Conclusions. M. pneumoniae infection should be actively sought in children developing immune-mediated diseases, including patients affected with JIA and, especially, in oligopolyarticular forms. There is some evidence that total serum IgE levels may tend to be increased in patients with oligopolyarticular JIA subtype and especially in those resulting as M. pneumoniae seropositive. However, further and focused research is needed to confirm these preliminary results and to clarify the relation between M. pneumoniae infection, atopic status, and immune-mediated arthritis.

Nonsedated Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Visualization of the Velopharynx in the Pediatric Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110573
Author(s):  
Katelyn J. Kotlarek ◽  
Thomas J. Sitzman ◽  
Jessica L. Williams ◽  
Jamie L. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Behavioral Adaptation ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Provider Training ◽  
Pediatric Mri ◽  
And Training

Background Non-sedated MRI is gaining traction in clinical settings for visualization of the velopharynx in children with velopharyngeal insufficiency. However, the behavioral adaptation and training aspects that are essential for successful pediatric MRI have received limited attention. Solution We outline a program of behavioral modifications combined with patient education and provider training that has led to high success rates for non-sedated velopharyngeal MRI in children.

Anaphylaxis

2010 ◽  
pp. 3106-3114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F.T. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms ◽  
Radiocontrast Media ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cytokine Cascade

The term anaphylaxis describes both IgE immune-mediated reactions and nonallergic, nonimmunologically triggered events. Comorbidities such as asthma or infection, exercise, alcohol, or stress and concurrent medications such as β‎-blockers and aspirin increase the risk known as ‘summation anaphylaxis’. Aetiology and pathogenesis—activated mast cells and basophils release preformed, granule-associated mediators and newly formed lipid mediators, and generate cytokines and chemokines. These cause vasodilatation, increased capillary permeability, and smooth muscle contraction, as well as attract new cells to the area. Positive feedback mechanisms amplify the reaction in a ‘mast cell—leucocyte cytokine cascade’, although conversely reactions can be self-limiting. Parenteral penicillins, hymenopteran stings, and food are the most common causes of IgE immune-mediated fatalities, with radiocontrast media, aspirin, and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs most commonly responsible for nonallergic fatalities....

Anaphylaxis

2020 ◽  
pp. 3849-3859
Author(s):  
Anthony F.T. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Radiocontrast Media ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cytokine Cascade

The term anaphylaxis describes both immunoglobulin E (IgE) immune-mediated reactions, plus non-IgE immune-mediated, and non-allergic, non-immunologically triggered events. Comorbidities such as asthma or infection, exercise, alcohol, or stress and concurrent medications such as β‎-blockers and aspirin increase the risk, a concept known as ‘summation anaphylaxis’. Activated mast cells and basophils release preformed, granule-associated mediators and newly formed lipid mediators, and generate cytokines and chemokines. These cause vasodilatation, increased capillary permeability, and smooth muscle contraction, as well as attracting new cells to the area. Positive feedback enhancing mechanisms amplify the reaction in a ‘mast cell—leucocyte cytokine cascade’, although conversely reactions can be self-limiting. Parenteral penicillins, hymenopteran stings, and food are the most common causes of IgE immune-mediated fatalities, with radiocontrast media, aspirin, and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs most commonly responsible for non-IgE and non-allergic fatalities.

scholarly journals Hypertension-Related Cerebral Microbleeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-269
Author(s):  
Sujan T. Reddy ◽  
Sean I. Savitz
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebral Microbleeds ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gradient Echo ◽  
Cerebellar Hemorrhage ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Cerebral Amyloid ◽  
The Brain

Hypertension and cerebral amyloid angiopathy are the most common causes of cerebral microbleeds. The pattern of microbleeds on T2*-weighted gradient echo sequence of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain can be indicative of the etiology of intracerebral hemorrhage. We describe a case of cerebellar hemorrhage with cerebral microbleeds secondary to chronic hypertension.

scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Current Perspectives

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Renata Barbosa Paolilo ◽  
Kumaran Deiva ◽  
Rinze Neuteboom ◽  
Kevin Rostásy ◽  
Ming Lim
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) disorder, characterized by polyfocal symptoms, encephalopathy and typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, that especially affects young children. Advances in understanding CNS neuroimmune disorders as well as the association of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) with both monophasic and recurrent forms of ADEM have led to new insights into its definition, management and outcome. In this review, we aim to provide an update based on current epidemiologic, clinical, radiological and immunopathological aspects and clinical outcome of ADEM.

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