Ultrasound Needle Visibility in Contrast Mode Imaging: An In Vitro and Ex Vivo Study

Abstract Purpose To evaluate needle visibility in ultrasound under contrast mode conditions. Materials and Methods Needle visibility was evaluated for bevel, EchoTip® and shaft of 18G Chiba biopsy needle with a 9 MHz linear probe (GE Logiq E9). Insertion angles varied between 30°(steep) and 90°(parallel to the probe surface). The acoustic output varied from 5–28%. 2 different contrast mode presets with either 'Amplitude Modulation' (Penetration) or 'Phase Inversion Harmonics' (High Resolution) were assessed. All other imaging parameters were kept constant. The visibility of bevel, EchoTip® and shaft was assessed for grayscale and color-coded images with a 3-point Likert-like scale (not, poorly, well visible) by 2 independent readers. The echogenicity of the needle bevel, EchoTip® and shaft was assessed in deciBel (dB) on the color-coded images. Results With the parallel insertion angle, all needle areas were well visible. With steep insertion the EchoTip® was the only visible area. High Resolution was superior to Penetration (p<0.001). The visibility and echogenicity of the needle bevel (r grayscale=0.109, pgrayscale=0.178; r color-coded=0.236, pcolor-coded=0.266; r dB=0.956, pdB=0.001), EchoTip® (r grayscale+= 0.477, pgrayscale+= 0.018; r color-coded=0.540, pcolor-coded+= 0.006; r dB=0.911, pdB=0.001) and shaft (r grayscale=0.124, pgrayscale=0.563; r color-coded=0.061, pcolor-coded+= 0.775; r dB+= 0.926, pdB=0.001) increased with increasing acoustic output. Grayscale images were superior to color-coded images for needle visibility (p=0.004). Conclusion Parallel needle insertion, use of an echogenic tip, adequate choice of presets, increased acoustic output, and dual view of grayscale and color-coded images improve needle visibility in ultrasound under contrast mode conditions.

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Smartphone microendoscopy for high resolution fluorescence imaging

Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences ◽

10.1142/s1793545816500462 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 09 (05) ◽

pp. 1650046 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Xiangqian Hong ◽

Vivek K. Nagarajan ◽

Dale H. Mugler ◽

Bing Yu

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

The Past

High resolution optical endoscopes are increasingly used in diagnosis of various medical conditions of internal organs, such as the cervix and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts, but they are too expensive for use in resource-poor settings. On the other hand, smartphones with high resolution cameras and Internet access have become more affordable, enabling them to diffuse into most rural areas and developing countries in the past decade. In this paper, we describe a smartphone microendoscope that can take fluorescence images with a spatial resolution of 3.1 [Formula: see text]m. Images collected from ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo samples using the device are also presented. The compact and cost-effective smartphone microendoscope may be envisaged as a powerful tool for detecting pre-cancerous lesions of internal organs in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).

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Anomalous hemodynamic effects of a self-expanding intracranial stent: Comparing in-vitro and ex-vivo models using ultra-high resolution MicroCT based CFD

Journal of Biomechanics ◽

10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.10.015 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 740-748 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Goetz Benndorf ◽

Mircea Ionescu ◽

Miguel Valdivia y Alvarado ◽

Alessandra Biondi ◽

John Hipp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Hemodynamic Effects ◽

Intracranial Stent

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Intraoperative Ex Vivo High-Resolution Sonography: A Novel Technique for the Assessment of Myometrial Invasion in Endometrial Cancer

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1097/igc.0000000000000531 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1639-1644

Author(s):

Derman Basaran ◽

Mehmet Coskun Salman ◽

Gokhan Boyraz ◽

Deniz Akata ◽

Mustafa Ozmen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Cancer ◽

High Resolution ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Frozen Section ◽

Myometrial Invasion ◽

University Hospital ◽

Type I ◽

Novel Technique ◽

Linear Probe

ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the diagnostic performance of a novel intraoperative ex vivo ultrasonography technique in determining deep myometrial invasion (MI) in patients with apparently low-risk endometrial cancer (EC).MethodsThis prospective study included patients with type I EC who underwent staging laparotomy at Hacettepe University Hospital from December 2011 to September 2014. After hysterectomy, a radiologist with special training in gynecology examined the uterus ex vivo using a 12-MHz superficial linear probe. The specimen was sent for intraoperative frozen section (FS) analysis. The results were compared with permanent section reports.ResultsIn total, 45 female patients were eligible for analysis. Intraoperative ex vivo high-resolution sonography (IEVHS) correctly assessed depth of MI in 39 of 45 cases (86.6%) and overestimated it in 5 cases (11.1%). Only 1 case with deep infiltration was underestimated by IEVHS as invasion of less than one half of the myometrium. Frozen section correctly identified depth of MI in 41 of 46 cases (91.1%), overestimated it in 1 case (2.2%), and underestimated it in 3 cases (6.6%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of IEVHS and FS for assessment of deep MI were 87.5%, 86.4%, 58.3%, and 96.9%, and 62.5%, 97.3%, 83.3%, and 92.3%, respectively.ConclusionsIntraoperative ex vivo high-resolution sonography is a novel technique for assessing MI in EC. Its high sensitivity for deep MI could be useful as an adjunct to FS (enabling pathologists to obtain targeted FS slices) and could improve the accuracy of FS.

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Multiplex Fluorescence Microscopy Platform for High-resolution ex Vivo and in Vitro imaging to Support Correlative Tissue Distribution and Biomarker Analysis

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927620015184 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 586-586

Author(s):

Niyanta Kumar ◽

Mark Cancilla

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Fluorescence Microscopy ◽

Tissue Distribution ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Biomarker Analysis

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High resolution mapping of nucleic acid containing complexes in vitro and in situ

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100162703 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 48-49

Author(s):

D. P. Bazett-Jones ◽

M. J. Hendzel

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

High Resolution ◽

Transcription Initiation ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Heavy Atom ◽

Regulation Of Transcription ◽

High Exposure ◽

Resolution Mapping ◽

Tata Sequence

Structural analysis of combinations of nucleosomes and transcription factors on promoter and enhancer elements is necessary in order to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the regulation of transcription initiation. Such complexes are often not amenable to study by high resolution crystallographic techniques. We have been applying electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) to specific problems in molecular biology related to transcription regulation. There are several advantages that this technique offers in studies of nucleoprotein complexes. First, an intermediate level of spatial resolution can be achieved because heavy atom contrast agents are not necessary. Second, mass and stoichiometric relationships of protein and nucleic acid can be estimated by phosphorus detection, an element in much higher proportions in nucleic acid than protein. Third, wrapping or bending of the DNA by the protein constituents can be observed by phosphorus mapping of the complexes. Even when ESI is used with high exposure of electrons to the specimen, important macromolecular information may be provided. For example, an image of the TATA binding protein (TBP) bound to DNA is shown in the Figure (top panel). It can be seen that the protein distorts the DNA away from itself and much of its mass sits off the DNA helix axis. Moreover, phosphorus and mass estimates demonstrate whether one or two TBP molecules interact with this particular promoter TATA sequence.

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Effects of the Tibetan herbal preparation PADMA 28 on blood lipids and lipid oxidisability in subjects with mild hypercholesterolaemia

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526.34.1.11 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 11-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Brunner-La Rocca ◽

Schindler ◽

Schlumpf ◽

Saller ◽

Suter

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Tibetan Medicine ◽

Double Blind ◽

Intraarterial Infusion ◽

Padma 28

Background: Previous studies showed an anti-atherosclerotic effect of PADMA 28, an herbal formula based on Tibetan medicine. As the mechanisms of action are not fully understood, we investigated whether PADMA 28 may lower blood lipids and lipid oxidisability, and affect early endothelial dysfunction. Patients and methods: Sixty otherwise healthy subjects with total cholesterol ≥5.2 mmol/l and < 8.0 mmol/l were randomly assigned to placebo or PADMA 28, 3 x 2 capsules daily, for 4 weeks (double-blind). Blood lipids (total, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, Apo-lipoprotein A1 and B) and ex vivo lipid oxidisability were measured before and after treatment. In a subset of 24 subjects, endothelial function was assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography with intraarterial infusion of acetylcholine. Isolated LDL and plasma both untreated and pre-treated with PADMA 28 extract were oxidised by the radical generator AAPH. Conjugated diene formation was measured at 245 nm. Results: Blood lipids did not change during the study in both groups. In contrast to previous reports in mild hypercholesterolaemia, no endothelial dysfunction was seen and, consequently, was not influenced by therapy. Ex vivo blood lipid oxidisability was significantly reduced with PADMA 28 (area under curve: 5.29 ± 1.62 to 4.99 ± 1.46, p = 0.01), and remained unchanged in the placebo group (5.33 ± 1.88 to 5.18 ± 1.78, p > 0.1). This effect persisted one week after cessation of medication. In vitro experiments confirmed the prevention of lipid peroxidation in the presence of PADMA 28 extracts. Persistent protection was also seen for LDL isolated from PADMA 28-pretreated blood after being subjected to rigorous purification. Conclusions: This study suggests that the inhibition of blood lipid oxidisability by PADMA 28 may play a role in its anti-atherosclerotic effect.

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The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000116 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 228-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mauro Serafini ◽

Giuseppa Morabito

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

The Body ◽

Dietary Polyphenols ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

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