In-vitro-Aktivität von Mecillinam gegen Escherichia coli: Urinisolate von Patienten im niedergelassenen Versorgungsbereich in Deutschland

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (03) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kresken ◽  
Barbara Körber-Irrgang ◽  
Kurt Naber

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung der akuten unkomplizierten Zystitis soll entsprechend nationaler und internationaler Leitlinien primär mit Fosfomycin-Trometamol, Nitrofurantoin, Nitroxolin oder Pivmecillinam erfolgen. Die weitaus meisten ambulant erworbenen Harnwegsinfektionen werden durch Escherichia coli verursacht. Pivmecillinam (X-SYSTO®) ist das oral verfügbare Prodrug des Penicillin-Derivats Mecillinam, das seit März 2016 wieder auf dem deutschen Markt zur Verfügung steht. Das Ziel der Studie war, den Anteil der Mecillinam-resistenten Stämme bei E. coli-Isolaten vor der Einführung von X-SYSTO® in Deutschland zu ermitteln.Im Rahmen einer In-vitro-Studie wurden die minimalen Hemmkonzentrationen (MHK) von Mecillinam für 494 E.-coli-Urinisolate (einschließlich multiresistenter Stämme) bestimmt. Die Bakterienisolate waren im Zeitraum Oktober bis Dezember 2013 in 25 Laboren von Patienten aus dem niedergelassenen Bereich gesammelt worden. Die Bewertung der Erregerempfindlichkeit als Mecillinam-sensibel (MHK ≤ 8 mg/l) bzw. resistent (MHK > 8 mg/l) erfolgte mithilfe der Grenzwerte des European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST).Die Konzentrationen von Mecillinam, die zur Hemmung von 50 % bzw. 90 % der getesteten Isolate benötigt wurden, betrugen 1 und 4 mg/l für Isolate mit dem Extended-Spektrum-β-Laktamase-Phänotyp und 0,25 und 4 mg/l für die übrigen Isolate. Insgesamt wurden 98 % der Isolate als Mecillinam-sensibel und 2 % als resistent bewertet.Die Ergebnisse stützen die Empfehlung, Pivmecillinam als eine primäre Option zur Erstlinientherapie der akuten unkomplizierten Zystitis zu betrachten.

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1245-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELA COOK ◽  
RICHARD J. REID-SMITH ◽  
REBECCA J. IRWIN ◽  
SCOTT A. McEWEN ◽  
VIRGINIA YOUNG ◽  
...  

This study estimated the prevalence of Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli isolates in fresh retail grain-fed veal obtained in Ontario, Canada. The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns were examined for points of public health significance. Veal samples (n = 528) were collected from February 2003 through May 2004. Twenty-one Salmonella isolates were recovered from 18 (4%) of 438 samples and underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was found in 6 (29%) of 21 Salmonella isolates; 5 (24%) of 21 isolates were resistant to five or more antimicrobials. No resistance to antimicrobials of very high human health importance was observed. Ampicillin-chloramphenicol-streptomycin-sulfamethoxazole-tetracycline resistance was found in 5 (3%) of 21 Salmonella isolates. Campylobacter isolates were recovered from 5 (1%) of 438 samples; 6 isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was documented in 3 (50%) of 6 Campylobacter isolates. No Campylobacter isolates were resistant to five or more antimicrobials or category I antimicrobials. E. coli isolates were recovered from 387 (88%) of 438 samples; 1,258 isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was found in 678 (54%) of 1,258 E. coli isolates; 128 (10%) of 1,258 were resistant to five or more antimicrobials. Five (0.4%) and 7 (0.6%) of 1,258 E. coli isolates were resistant to ceftiofur and ceftriaxone, respectively, while 34 (3%) of 1,258 were resistant to nalidixic acid. Ciprofloxacin resistance was not detected. There were 101 different resistance patterns observed among E. coli isolates; resistance to tetracycline alone (12.7%, 161 of 1,258) was most frequently observed. This study provides baseline prevalence and antimicrobial resistance data and highlights potential public health concerns.


Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3449
Author(s):  
Cristina-Mirabela Gaşpar ◽  
Ludovic Toma Cziszter ◽  
Cristian Florin Lăzărescu ◽  
Ioan Ţibru ◽  
Marius Pentea ◽  
...  

This study aimed to compare the antibiotic resistance levels of the indicator bacteria Escherichia coli in wastewater samples collected from two hospitals and two urban communities. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on 81 E. coli isolates (47 from hospitals and 34 from communities) using the disc diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) methodology. Ten antibiotics from nine different classes were chosen. The strains isolated from the community wastewater, compared to those from the hospital wastewater, were not resistant to gentamicin (p = 0.03), but they showed a significantly higher susceptibility—increased exposure to ceftazidime (p = 0.001). Multidrug resistance was observed in 85.11% of the hospital wastewater isolates and 73.53% of the community isolates (p > 0.05). The frequency of the presumed carbapenemase-producing E. coli was higher among the community isolates (76.47% compared to 68.09%) (p > 0.05), whereas the frequency of the presumed extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli was higher among the hospital isolates (21.28% compared to 5.88%) (p > 0.05). The antibiotic resistance rates were high in both the hospital and community wastewaters, with very few significant differences between them, so the community outlet might be a source of resistant bacteria that is at least as important as the well-recognised hospitals.


2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Dubravka Milanov ◽  
Dragan Fabijan ◽  
Bojana Prunić ◽  
Maja Velhner ◽  
Tamaš Petrović

Fecal samples originating from 15 Eurasian griffon vultures were collected during June 2012 in the territory of special nature reservation Uvac and examined for presence of enteric bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Salmonellas were isolated from five samples (33.3%) and serologically typed as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Veneziana. E. coli was isolated from four samples (26.6%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed resistance to one and more antibiotics only in E. coli isolates.


2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1645-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Perkhofer ◽  
Veronika Lechner ◽  
Cornelia Lass-Flörl

ABSTRACT We evaluated the MICs of isavuconazole (ISAV) against 96 isolates of Aspergillus species and 36 zygomycetes according to the methodology of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. In addition, the in vitro activity was obtained for hyphal inocula. ISAV exhibited good antifungal activity against the tested isolates with the exception of Aspergillus niger and Mucorales. The in vitro activity of ISAV was comparable to that of voriconazole aside from Mucorales.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Stephen Mwisiya Mubita ◽  
Wila Simbile ◽  
Barbara Mulunda

Background: The ever-increasing magnitude of antimicrobial resistance encountered in human pathogens has led to limited treatment options for bacterial infections, consequently reducing antimicrobial efficacy while increasing treatment costs, morbidity, and mortality. In clinical setup, laboratory-based in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing is the cornerstone for guiding therapy and enables the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance trends. Aim: To characterize the distribution of bacteria isolated from various specimens and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles in Mary Begg Health facilities. Material & Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive study that involved the review of 569 laboratory files from three Mary Begg Health facilities from the period of January 2019 to June 2020. A systematic random sampling method was used and SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The distribution of bacteria based on Gram stain reaction found that most bacteria that were isolated were Gram negative bacilli, 79.5% (171/215). The most common bacterium isolated was Escherichia coli, 46.5% (100/215) followed by Staphylococcus aureus, 12.1% (26/215) and Klebsiella pneumoniae, 17 7.9% (17/215). The study found that E. coli was highly resistant to amoxicillin (95.0%), Ampicillin (90.0%) and Cotrimoxazole (77.0%), respectively. In contrast, E. coli was highly sensitive to Amikacin (96.0%), Ertapenem (91.0%) and Ceftriaxone (80.0%) S. aureus species isolated were sensitive to Gentamicin (65.4%) and Clindamycin (46.2%) but highly resistant to Cotrimoxazole (80.8%). Conclusion: The most frequent isolates were Escherichia coli followed by Staphylococcus aureus and majority of them were from urine specimens. Key words: Antimicrobial, Resistant, Antimicrobial Resistance, Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Mary Begg Health services.


Author(s):  
Michael J Satlin ◽  
James S Lewis ◽  
Melvin P Weinstein ◽  
Jean Patel ◽  
Romney M Humphries ◽  
...  

Abstract Recent data on polymyxin pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicity, and clinical outcomes suggest these agents have limited clinical utility. Pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics data show a steady-state concentration of 2 μg/mL is required for killing bacteria with colistin minimum inhibitory concentrations of 2 μg/mL. Less than 50% of patients with normal renal function achieve this exposure, and it is associated with high risk of nephrotoxicity. This exposure does not achieve bacterial stasis in pneumonia models. Randomized and observational studies consistently demonstrate increased mortality for polymyxins compared with alternative agents. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) are 2 global organizations that establish interpretive criteria for in vitro susceptibility data. CLSI has recently taken the step to eliminate the “susceptible” interpretive category for the polymyxins, whereas EUCAST maintains this interpretive category. This viewpoint describes the opinions of these organizations and the data that were used to inform their perspectives.


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