scholarly journals Role of the Gut Microbiota in Ischemic Stroke

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. E287-E293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Winek ◽  
Ulrich Dirnagl ◽  
Andreas Meisel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Stroke Outcome ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Immune Response

AbstractRecent studies have provided evidence for the role of the gut microbiota in the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) and in the pathophysiology of its disorders, e. g. by regulation of the peripheral immune response. In this article, we discuss the importance of the gut microbiota in stroke by providing a summary of available clinical and experimental data suggesting that 1) stroke changes the gut microbiome, 2) microbiota modulates stroke outcome and 3) microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of stroke (risk factors). Currently available clinical and experimental evidence suggests an important role of gut microbiota in stroke and promises clinically relevant discoveries within coming years.

Embolic stroke of undetermined source correlates to atrial fibrosis without atrial fibrillation

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. e381-e387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karman Tandon ◽  
David Tirschwell ◽  
W.T. Longstreth ◽  
Bryn Smith ◽  
Nazem Akoum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Embolic Stroke ◽  
Cardioembolic Stroke ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Atrial Fibrosis ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
Causal Pathway

ObjectiveTo examine the hypothesis that atrial fibrosis and associated atrial cardiopathy may be in the causal pathway of cardioembolic stroke independently of atrial fibrillation (AF) by comparing atrial fibrosis burden between patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), patients with AF, and healthy controls.MethodsWe used late-gadolinium-enhancement MRI to compare atrial fibrosis in 10 patients with ESUS against 10 controls (no stroke, no AF) and 10 patients with AF. Fibrosis was compared between groups, controlling for stroke risk factors.ResultsMean age was 51 ± 15 years, and 43% of participants were female. Patients with ESUS had more atrial fibrosis than controls (16.8 ± 5.7% vs 10.6 ± 5.7%, p = 0.019) and similar fibrosis compared to patients with AF (17.8 ± 4.8%, p = 0.65). Odds ratios of ESUS per quartile of fibrosis were 3.22 (95% CI [CI] 1.11–9.32, p = 0.031, unadjusted) and 3.17 (95% CI 1.05–9.52, p = 0.041, CHA2DVASc score adjusted). Patients with >12% fibrosis had a higher percentage of ESUS (77.8% vs 27.3%, p = 0.02), and patients with >20% fibrosis had the highest proportion of ESUS (4 of 5).ConclusionsPatients with ESUS exhibit similar atrial fibrosis compared to patients with AF and more fibrosis than healthy controls. Fibrosis is associated with ESUS after controlling for stroke risk factors, supporting the hypothesis that fibrosis is in the causal pathway of cardioembolic stroke independently of AF. Prospective studies are needed to assess the role of anticoagulation in primary and secondary stroke prevention in patients with high atrial fibrosis.

scholarly journals The role of genetics in stroke risk factors; the discussion of two rare genetic syndroms associated with stroke and review of the literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Eda Kılıç Çoban ◽  
Nilüfer Kale İçen ◽  
Mesude Özerden Acar ◽  
Melek Çolak Atmaca ◽  
Aysun Soysal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors

scholarly journals The role of the family physician in stroke risk factors hygiene diagnosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
G. Friptulyak ◽  
V. Bernik ◽  
V. Okyshor ◽  
M. Lupu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family Physician ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals Differences in the role of black race and stroke risk factors for first vs recurrent stroke

Neurology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Howard ◽  
Brett M. Kissela ◽  
Dawn O. Kleindorfer ◽  
Leslie A. McClure ◽  
Elsayed Z. Soliman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors

Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Central Nervous System: A Focus on Alzheimer's Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 1179-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma M. Junges ◽  
Vera E. Closs ◽  
Guilherme M. Nogueira ◽  
Maria G.V. Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
System A ◽  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

The role of diet and gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, has recently come under intense investigation. Studies suggest that human gut microbiota may contribute to the modulation of several neurochemical and neurometabolic pathways, through complex systems that interact and interconnect with the central nervous system. The brain and intestine form a bidirectional communication axis, or vice versa, they form an axis through bi-directional communication between endocrine and complex immune systems, involving neurotransmitters and hormones. Above all, studies suggest that dysbiotic and poorly diversified microbiota may interfere with the synthesis and secretion of neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, gammaaminobutyric acid and N-methyl D-Aspartate receptors, widely associated with cognitive decline and dementia. In this context, the present article provides a review of the literature on the role of the gutbrain axis in Alzheimer's disease.

Brain–body communication in stroke

Neuroforum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Winek ◽  
Daniel Cuervo Zanatta ◽  
Marietta Zille
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cns Injury ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide with limited therapeutic options available for selected groups of patients. The susceptibility to stroke depends also on systemic parameters, and some stroke risk factors are modifiable, such as atrial fibrillation (AF) or hypertension. When considering new treatment strategies, it is important to remember that the consequences of stroke are not limited to the central nervous system (CNS) injury, but reach beyond the boundaries of the brain. We provide here a brief overview of the mechanisms of how the brain communicates with the body, focusing on the heart, immune system, and gut microbiota (GM).

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