European Calcified Tissue Society

Here, we report an unusual case of sarcomatoid carcinoma mimicking extraskeletal osteosarcoma that manifested as recurrent rectal cancer. Five years earlier, a 76-year-old male patient had undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by a laparoscopic low anterior resection due to adenocarcinoma of the rectum. He was admitted because of pain in the anus and left hip. He underwent abdominal computed tomography that revealed a newly developed left perirectal mass with gluteus maximus invasion measuring up to 8 cm, and therefore, an abdominoperineal resection was performed. Histologically, the tumor revealed sheets of spindled or epithelioid cells, an absence of gland formation, mucicarmine and periodic acid–Schiff stain negativity, and prominent intercellular deposits of osteoid-like calcified tissue. Tumor cells were diffusely immunoreactive for vimentin and cytokeratins. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated microvilli on the surface or within intercellular spaces. In this report, we also discuss the possible pathogenesis as well as the differential diagnosis.

Download Full-text

Local Irradiation of Mouse Tooth Germ Gives Insight into the Direct Effects of Irradiation on Root Development

Radiation Research ◽

10.1667/rade-20-00081.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yoshiaki Ide ◽

Taka Nakahara ◽

Tetsuya Fukada ◽

Masanori Nasu

Keyword(s):

Root Development ◽

Root Formation ◽

Tooth Germ ◽

Lead Glass ◽

Local Irradiation ◽

Root Sheath ◽

Calcified Tissue ◽

Radiation Induced ◽

Dentin Formation ◽

Root Apices

To elucidate the mechanism underlying the failure of root formation after irradiation, we established a method of local irradiation of the molar tooth germ and demonstrated that radiation directly affected dental root development. In the current study, to locally irradiate the lower first molars of 5-day-old C57BL/6J mice, we used lead glass containing a hole as a collimator. We confirmed that our local irradiation method targeted only the tooth germ. The irradiated root was immature in terms of apical growth, and dentin formation was irregular along the outside of the root apices. Moreover, calcified tissue apically surrounded Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, which disappeared abnormally early. This method using a local irradiation experimental model will facilitate research into radiation-induced disorders of dental root formation.

Download Full-text

Bariatric surgery and skeletal health: A narrative review and position statement for management by the European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS)

Bone ◽

10.1016/j.bone.2021.116236 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 116236

Author(s):

Julien Paccou ◽

Elena Tsourdi ◽

Christian Meier ◽

Andrea Palermo ◽

Jessica Pepe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Position Statement ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Skeletal Health ◽

Calcified Tissue

Download Full-text

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the retroperitoneum with osteosarcomatous component

Clinics and Practice ◽

10.4081/cp.2012.e33 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wenbin Sun ◽

Xiaoyan Sun ◽

Dianbo Cao

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽

Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma ◽

Pathological Findings ◽

Specific Tumor ◽

Complete Surgical Resection ◽

Calcified Tissue ◽

Term Evaluation ◽

Characteristic Features

Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft-tissue sarcomas and classified as five groups. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma includes multiple elements such as solid tissue, adipose tissue and calcified tissue, which is different from common liposarcoma in tissue constitue. Dedifferentiation to osteosarcoma is rarely described in the literature. We reported the radiological and pathological findings in a case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma with osteo-sarcomatous dedifferentiation in the retroperitoneum and discussed the characteristic features of this specific tumor. Complete surgical resection of the neoplasm is the only curative means, but establishing a prognosis remains a challenge for long-term evaluation.

Download Full-text

Upregulated Autophagy in Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis Confers Protection of Valvular Interstitial Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20061486 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 1486 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Miguel Carracedo ◽

Oscar Persson ◽

Peter Saliba-Gustafsson ◽

Gonzalo Artiach ◽

Ewa Ehrenborg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aortic Valve ◽

Aortic Valve Stenosis ◽

Interstitial Cells ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Autophagic Flux ◽

Valvular Interstitial Cells ◽

Survival Mechanism ◽

Calcified Tissue ◽

Left Ventricular Outflow

Autophagy serves as a cell survival mechanism which becomes dysregulated under pathological conditions and aging. Aortic valve thickening and calcification causing left ventricular outflow obstruction is known as calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS). CAVS is a chronic and progressive disease which increases in incidence and severity with age. Currently, no medical treatment exists for CAVS, and the role of autophagy in the disease remains largely unexplored. To further understand the role of autophagy in the progression of CAVS, we analyzed expression of key autophagy genes in healthy, thickened, and calcified valve tissue from 55 patients, and compared them with nine patients without significant CAVS, undergoing surgery for aortic regurgitation (AR). This revealed a upregulation in autophagy exclusively in the calcified tissue of CAVS patients. This difference in autophagy between CAVS and AR was explored by LC3 lipidation in valvular interstitial cells (VICs), revealing an upregulation in autophagic flux in CAVS patients. Inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin-A1 led to a decrease in VIC survival. Finally, treatment of VICs with high phosphate led to an increase in autophagic activity. In conclusion, our data suggests that autophagy is upregulated in the calcified tissue of CAVS, serving as a compensatory and pro-survival mechanism.

Download Full-text

Engineered osteoclasts as living treatment materials for heterotopic ossification therapy

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-26593-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wenjing Jin ◽

Xianfeng Lin ◽

Haihua Pan ◽

Chenchen Zhao ◽

Pengcheng Qiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heterotopic Ossification ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Ectopic Calcification ◽

Calcified Tissue ◽

Restricted Activity ◽

Calcium Minerals ◽

Reliable Methods ◽

Poor Adhesion

AbstractOsteoclasts (OCs), the only cells capable of remodeling bone, can demineralize calcium minerals biologically. Naive OCs have limitations for the removal of ectopic calcification, such as in heterotopic ossification (HO), due to their restricted activity, migration and poor adhesion to sites of ectopic calcification. HO is the formation of pathological mature bone within extraskeletal soft tissues, and there are currently no reliable methods for removing these unexpected calcified plaques. In the present study, we develop a chemical approach to modify OCs with tetracycline (TC) to produce engineered OCs (TC-OCs) with an enhanced capacity for targeting and adhering to ectopic calcified tissue due to a broad affinity for calcium minerals. Unlike naive OCs, TC-OCs are able to effectively remove HO both in vitro and in vivo. This achievement indicates that HO can be reversed using modified OCs and holds promise for engineering cells as “living treatment agents” for cell therapy.

Download Full-text

226. Partial volume effect on the phase shift of a gradient echo due to calcified tissue

Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology ◽

10.6009/jjrt.kj00003577461 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 488

Keyword(s):

Phase Shift ◽

Volume Effect ◽

Partial Volume Effect ◽

Gradient Echo ◽

Partial Volume ◽

Calcified Tissue

Download Full-text

Exposure to the RXR agonist SR11237 in early life causes disturbed skeletal morphogenesis in a rat model

10.1101/774851 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Holly Dupuis ◽

Michael Andrew Pest ◽

Ermina Hadzic ◽

Thin Xuan Vo ◽

Daniel B. Hardy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Plate ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Long Bone ◽

Tunel Staining ◽

Long Bones ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Computed Tomography Scanning ◽

Calcified Tissue ◽

Trap Staining ◽

Tomography Scanning

AbstractLongitudinal bone growth occurs through endochondral ossification (EO), controlled by various signaling molecules. Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) is a nuclear receptor with important roles in cell death, development, and metabolism. However, little is known about its role in EO. In this study, the agonist SR11237 was used to evaluate RXR activation on EO.Rats given SR11237 from post-natal day 5 to 15 were harvested for micro-computed tomography scanning and histology. In parallel, newborn CD1 mouse tibiae were cultured with increasing concentrations of SR11237 for histological and whole mount evaluation.RXR agonist-treated rats were smaller than controls, and developed dysmorphia of the growth plate. Cells invading the calcified and dysmorphic growth plate appeared pre-hypertrophic in size and shape corresponding with P57 immunostaining. Additionally, SOX9 positive cells were found surrounding the calcified tissue. The epiphysis of SR11237 treated bones showed increased TRAP staining, and additional TUNEL staining at the osteo-chondral junction. MicroCT revealed morphological disorganization in the long bones of treated animals. Isolated mouse long bones treated with SR11237 grew significantly less than their DMSO controls.This study demonstrates that stimulation of the RXR receptor causes irregular ossification, premature closure of the growth plate, and disrupted long bone growth in rodent models.

Download Full-text