Punishment and Control in Historical Perspective

Africa ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Brantley

Opening ParagraphWherever belief in witchcraft permeated an African society, fear prevailed and people demanded protection and control. Even though the degree of African concern about witchcraft was not always appreciated by outsiders, it was possible, at least in centralized societies, for such outsiders to discern the processes that were involved in its control. A king or a priest who failed to control the spread of witchcraft and to alleviate the fear was unlikely to maintain his authority for long. In non-centralized societies, the problem of witchcraft and the means of control were less clear-cut. Solutions were rarely obvious and easy.


1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.T Lyons ◽  
S.C Tolliver ◽  
J.H Drudge

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-221
Author(s):  
Tomasz Ferenc

Work, workers, and workers’ living conditions quickly became a field of interest for photographers. Already by the middle of the 19th century there were photographs showing working people. Nevertheless, the contexts in which such photographs were taken varied considerably. The first part of this article presents, in the historical perspective, the different causes and strategies involved in making these types of documents, up to the moment when photographs began to appear that had been made by workers themselves. The movement to photograph workers, which developed in the first decades of the 20th century, is recalled in the second part of the article (using the examples of the Weimar Republic and Soviet Russia). The third part is devoted to photographic projects whose purpose was to increase the productivity of, and control over, workers. Photography is presented as a scientific tool for measuring movement and as an illustration of the most effective manners of organizing work. At the end, the Digital Repository of Worker Photography is described, as an example of work on a collection of photos and the creation of a platform permitting further work, but also as a legal and methodological problem.


2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Bánovčanová ◽  
Dana Masaryková

Abstract The paper deals with corporeality in the school environment from a historical perspective. The body has tended to appear and disappear in the discourse and scientific disciplines and has permeated education. This permeation can be viewed traditionally within Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenological theory of the “lived body” but also in school discipline. Discipline is typically used to organise the school and is unquestionably associated with the body and corporeality. In this article, we therefore rely on Foucault’s theories. Docile bodies are typically found in schools and classrooms and are shaped by the institution so that they are easy to manage and control. In part, we demonstrate this using handwriting in schools as an example.


2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 197-235
Author(s):  
Gloria María Cañez De la Fuente ◽  
Juana María Meléndez Torres

Este artículo aborda el estudio de caso de un grupo de campesinos desplazados de sus pueblos en la región serrana, como resultado de la política modernizadora agrícola-ganadera en el noroeste de México. Se analizan, desde una perspectiva socio-antropológica e histórica, los aspectos que afectaron tanto el desarrollo de acciones y relaciones sociales dirigidas al mejoramiento de sus condiciones de vida, como de su actividad productiva bajo las nuevas circunstancias que les imponía dicha modernización, en una región semidesértica, durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad, con la finalidad de recuperar sus propias experiencias y los significados de sus acciones. Encontramos que el nuevo esquema productivo y financiero, la exclusión de la ganadería tradicional, y los cambios en el uso y control de los recursos agua y tierra, fueron elementos que propiciaron conflictos internos entre estos campesinos y que al mismo tiempo, contribuyeron a la reconfiguración del complejo de relaciones sociales e identitarias existentes.Palabras Clave: campesinos, ganadería, relaciones entre grupos, identidad, estudio de caso, Noroeste de México. Modernization and Socio-Productive Reconfiguration  in a Group of Cattle Raisers Peasant in the Northwest of Mexico, 1964-2000AbstractThis article approaches the study of case of a group of cattle raisers in the northern of Mexico. They are analyzed from a socio-anthropological and historical perspective, which were the aspects that affected so much the development of actions and social relations directed the improvement of his conditions of life as of his productive activity under the modernization process in a semidesert region, during the second half of the 20th century. Qualitative interviews were realized, with the purpose of recovering his experiences and the explanation or meaning of his actions in his own terms. We find that the new productive and financial scheme, the exclusion of the traditional ranching, and the changes in the use and control of the resources water and land, they propitiated internal conflicts between these peasants concerning the control and use of it, as well as the reconfiguration of the existing social relations and identities complex.Keywords: peasantry, cattle ranching,intergroup relation, identity, study of case, northern of Mexico.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-308
Author(s):  
Matthew Backus ◽  
Christopher Conlon ◽  
Michael Sinkinson

We empirically assess the implications of the common ownership hypothesis from a historical perspective using the set of S&P 500 firms from 1980 to 2017. We show that the dramatic rise in common ownership in the time series is driven primarily by the rise of indexing and diversification and, in the cross section, by investor concentration, which the theory presumes to drive a wedge between cash flow rights and control. We also show that the theory predicts incentives for expropriation of undiversified shareholders via tunneling, even in the Berle and Means (1932) world of the widely held firm. (JEL D22, G32, G34, L21, L25)


2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Pattberg

This article contributes to the broadening agenda of critical globalisation(s) research by analysing one of the most fundamental ideological foundations of the current global transformation in a historical perspective: the ideology of "domination over nature" that was implemented in Europe from 1500 onwards. Humans have always shaped and altered their environment according to their needs and aspirations. However, it is the distinct ideology of mastery and domination over nature that underlines this unprecedented enterprise. An ideology in this context is understood as a codified justification for social practices, codified in concrete as well as highly abstract systems of rule. The question I seek to answer in this contribution is why Europe – a backward civilisation up to the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance – was the birthplace of the distinct ideology of mastery over nature, globalising itself through exploration, discovery, and trade to nearly every corner of the planet. Key words: ideology of mastery, human-nature relations, ecological imperialism, historical political ecology


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