Introduction: Latin America in Comparative Perspective

Latin America ◽  
2006 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Laurence Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Comparative Perspective

Populism and Polarization in Comparative Perspective: Constitutive, Spatial and Institutional Dimensions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Electoral Competition ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
The Us ◽  
Issue Dimensions

Abstract Polarization may be the most consistent effect of populism, as it is integral to the logic of constructing populist subjects. This article distinguishes between constitutive, spatial and institutional dimensions of polarization, adopting a cross-regional comparative perspective on different subtypes of populism in Europe, Latin America and the US. It explains why populism typically arises in contexts of low political polarization (the US being a major, if partial, outlier), but has the effect of sharply increasing polarization by constructing an anti-establishment political frontier, politicizing new policy or issue dimensions, and contesting democracy's institutional and procedural norms. Populism places new issues on the political agenda and realigns partisan and electoral competition along new programmatic divides or political cleavages. Its polarizing effects, however, raise the stakes of political competition and intensify conflict over the control of key institutional sites.

How and Where Does Populism Thrive?

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-188
Author(s):  
Takis S. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
The People ◽  
Postwar Europe

Chapter 4 answers the question: How, and where, does populism rise to power? through an empirical examination of the concepts and theories established in earlier chapters It begins with an elaborate analysis of the most important cases of populist emergence in postwar Europe and Latin America (including, in order of historical appearance, Argentina, Greece, Peru, Italy, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Hungary) and continues, in counterfactual fashion, with two nation cases, Brazil and Spain, in which populism could have grown strong, but did not. This is followed by an analysis of modern U.S. populism in a comparative perspective. American populism, in particular, offers several insights, especially into the role of extraordinary radical leadership and the complexities of dealing with the “people” as an ostensibly homogeneous social unit in an otherwise heterogeneous society.

scholarly journals The Expansion of Mass Education in Twentieth Century Latin America: A Global Comparative Perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewout Frankema
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Mass Education ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Public Education Spending

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the expansion of mass education in Latin America in the twentieth century from a global comparative perspective. The paper argues that expansion in terms of enrolment and attainment levels was quite impressive. A comparative analysis of the grade enrolment distribution demonstrates, however, that the rapid expansion of primary school enrolment did not correspond with an equally impressive improvement in educational quality. The persistently large tertiary education bias in public education spending suggests that part of the poor quality performance is related to a lack of fscal support for primary education and that the political economy explanation for educational underdevelopment, as advanced by Engerman, Mariscal and Sokoloff for the 19th century, still applied to Latin America during most of the 20th century.

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