scholarly journals An Aristotelian interpretation of practical wisdom: the case of retirees

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Massingham
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Practical Wisdom ◽  
Workforce Planning ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Global Population

Abstract This paper aims to improve understanding of the concept of practical wisdom. The theoretical lens used is Aristotle’s practical rationality or ‘phronesis’. Researchers argue that practical wisdom should be used as an organising framework for professional knowledge. Aristotle believed that practical wisdom as the highest intellectual virtue. Phronesis is the complicated interactions between general (theory) and practical (judgement). The contribution of this paper is to discuss the properties of practical wisdom and how they interact based on an interpretation of retirees’ knowledge. The paper summarises in-depth face-to-face interviews with nine retirees, i.e., nine separate case studies. A structured interview guideline based on a conceptual framework derived from literature was used to examine the nature of retirees’ practical wisdom. People with wisdom make better decisions. Whereas episteme’s technical knowledge may address complicated tasks, techne’s wisdom enables people to resolve truly complex tasks. Techne provides personal judgement which enables the professional to judge their actions from an external and internal perspective. Knowing that others and the individual themselves are happy with the quality of their work creates a morality that enables an inner calm and personal satisfaction leading to eudaimonia (feeling happy about life). People with wisdom behave differently. Phronesis’s cognitive properties create awareness of the knowledge that may be trusted to be seen to be behaving normally or appropriately in the organisation. The global population is ageing. This has implications for future workforce planning as experience is lost and capability gaps emerge. Retires may represent a valuable source of knowledge to help address this gap. The results are limited to nine individual case studies and four disciplines. The findings provide exciting opportunities for further research. The conceptual models may be further investigated with retirees in other disciplines.

Changing Beliefs About Emotions in IBS: A Single Case Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-317
Author(s):  
H.M. Bowers ◽  
A.L. Wroe
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Beliefs About Emotions

Background: Previous research suggests benefits of targeting beliefs about the unacceptability of emotions in treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Aims: The current study developed and tested an intervention focusing on beliefs and behaviours around emotional expression. Method: Four participants with IBS attended five group sessions using cognitive behavioural techniques focusing on beliefs about the unacceptability of expressing emotions. Bi-weekly questionnaires were completed and a group interview was conducted. This study used an AB design with four participants. Results: Averages indicate that participants showed decreases in beliefs about unacceptability of emotions and emotional suppression during the intervention, although this was not reflected in any of the individual trends in Beliefs about Emotions Scale scores and was significant in only one individual case for Courtauld Emotional Control Scale scores. Affective distress and quality of life improved during follow-up, with only one participant not improving with regard to distress. Qualitative data suggest that participants felt that the intervention was beneficial, referencing the value in sharing their emotions. Conclusions: This study suggests the potential for beliefs about emotions and emotional suppression to be addressed in cognitive behavioural interventions in IBS. That beliefs and behaviours improved before outcomes suggests they may be important processes to investigate in treatment for IBS.

scholarly journals Fenomenologia da Qualidade de Vida de Mães de Crianças Autistas

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-134
Author(s):  
Maria P. M CHAIM ◽  
Sebastião B. C. NETO, ◽  
Aminn y F. PEREIRA, ◽  
Virgínia E. S. M. COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Phenomenological Psychopathology

The quality of life (QOL) of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is related to the symptomatic and idiopathic characteristics of the existential condition of the child and is determined by the subjective understandings attributed according to the individual experience. The primary objective of this article is to describe and understand the subjective constructs about the self-referenced QOL of mothers of children with ASD. It is an empirical study, qualitative and based on a reading of phenomenological psychopathology. Participated 10 mothers of children with ASD, users of public health services in Goiânia. The following instruments were used: a sociodemographic and clinical data questionnaire and a semi-structured interview script about QOL. The interviews were submitted to the construction of thematic categories, according to the methodology of Giorgi (1985), and later were correlated with the existential categories of Augras (2004). It was observed that although a standard is sought to understand QOL, each mother has subjective factors that reflect in her way of experiencing the condition of being a mother of a child with special needs. It is concluded that it is the science, when seeking to understand the quality of life of people with similar characteristics, to consider the relevance of the subjective aspects and the meaning that each mother constructs of its own reality.

Juggling Porcupines

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brad Johnson ◽  
Gerald P. Koocher
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
The Individual

This chapter presents an introduction to the title, and discusses the difficulties in being ethical in challenging roles and work settings. It explores the rationale for the title, and presents an overview of the structure that the individual case studies will take.

Psychotherapy supervision conducted by videoconferencing: a qualitative study of users’ experiences

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 33-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deede Gammon ◽  
Tore Sørlie ◽  
Svein Bergvik ◽  
Tordis Sørensen Høifødt
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Psychiatry Residents ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Psychotherapy Supervision ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Wide Range

Psychiatry residents in Norway have 70 hours of mandatory psychotherapy supervision to develop insights into the therapeutic relationship. Six supervision pairs (six candidates and two supervisors) conducted five videoconferencing-based supervision sessions (384kbit/s) and five face-to-face sessions alternating weekly for 10 sessions. Following completion of the 10 sessions for candidates and supervisor B, and the 50 sessions for supervisor A, all subjects completed a semi-structured interview within two weeks. The eight subjects reported a wide range of experiences and attitudes. The results suggested that the quality of supervision can be satisfactorily maintained by using videoconferencing for up to half of the 70 hours required. The precondition for this estimate is that the pair in question have met face to face and established a relationship characterized by mutual trust and respect. Further studies, which include supervision pairs not having previously established relationships, are needed in order to indicate the generality of this precondition. The most obvious implication of this study is the potential for implementing decentralized models for recruiting and educating psychiatrists.

Introducing the Adherence Strategy Engineering Framework (ASEF)

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 220-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Toftegaard ◽  
O. W. Bertelsen ◽  
S. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
The Individual

SummaryBackground: Patients performing self-care in the unsupervised setting do not always adhere to the instructions they were initially provided with. As a consequence, a patient’s ability to successfully comply with the treatment plan cannot be verified by the treating healthcare professional, possibly resulting in reduced data quality and suboptimal treatment.Objectives: The aim of this paper is to introduce the Adherence Strategy Engineering Framework (ASEF) as a method for developing novel technology-based adherence strategies to assess and improve patient adherence levels in the unsupervised setting.Methods: Key concepts related to self-care and adherence were defined, discussed, and implemented as part of the ASEF framework.ASEF was applied to seven self-care case studies, and the perceived usefulness and feasibility of ASEF was evaluated in a questionnaire study by the case study participants. Finally, we reviewed the individual case studies usage of ASEF.Results: A range of central self-care concepts were defined and the ASEF methodological framework was introduced. ASEF was successfully used in seven case studies with a total of 25 participants. Of these, 16 provided answers in the questionnaire study reporting ASEF as useful and feasible. Case study reviews illustrated the potential of using context-aware technologies to support self-care in the unsupervised setting as well as ASEF’s ability to support this.Conclusion: Challenges associated with moving healthcare to the unsupervised setting can be overcome by applying novel context-aware technology using the ASEF method. This could lead to better treatment outcomes and reduce healthcare expenditures.

Holiday Instead of Holy Day? A Qualitative Inquiry on the Spiritual Quality of People’s Activities on Sunday

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-228
Author(s):  
Ulrich Riegel
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
The Family ◽  
Transcendent Reality ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Age Range

AbstractDaily routine on Sunday is changing. Formerly a day of religious contemplation, Sunday seems to be a day of rest within the family. Does this change in activities done on a typical Sunday imply an end of spiritual quality? To answer this question this paper conceptualizes spirituality as experience of connectedness to some greater reality which is regarded as important and meaningful. Four options are possible concerning this greater reality: a transcendent reality, nature or cosmos, mankind, or the individual’s self. The data has been collected by semi-structured interview and analyzed by qualitative content analysis. 148 individuals did take part in these interviews (57% females, age range: 7 to 59; 64% Catholics and 22% Protestants). The findings point at Sunday spent with family. Further on we could identify activities representing all four types of spirituality. Together these examples point at the conclusion that Sunday still is a special day within the week. Its activities offer spiritual quality, but it is the individual to reassure it.

Self-Management of Epilepsy

2017 ◽  
pp. 319-339
Author(s):  
Janice M. Buelow ◽  
W. Henry Smithson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Life Choices ◽  
Psychological Strain ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Epilepsy is a stigmatizing condition characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures that can restrict life choices, lead to a reduced quality of life, and psychological strain. Self-management can be defined as the sum of steps needed to gain seizure control, to minimize the impact of living with epilepsy, and to maximize quality of life. The individual with epilepsy has to manage much more than just medication: they have to know about diagnosis and treatment, the best ways to manage the condition, and ways of maintaining psychosocial functioning. This chapter uses case studies and literature to describe various coping strategies and interventions to enhance self-management for people with epilepsy.

Quetiapine withdrawal: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. 000486742096569
Author(s):  
Katherine Monahan ◽  
Jaimie Cuzens-Sutton ◽  
Dan Siskind ◽  
Steve Kisely
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Medication ◽  
The Individual

Objective: Withdrawal from psychoactive medication such as quetiapine is a well-documented phenomenon. Despite the extensive use of quetiapine, there have been few studies into the presence of discontinuation symptoms. We therefore performed a systematic review of published literature for evidence of quetiapine withdrawal or symptoms associated with discontinuation. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO for articles containing the terms ‘Quetiapine’ AND ‘withdraw$’ OR ‘discontinue$’. We included all study types that reported on somatic withdrawal symptoms and had no language restrictions. We excluded studies where there was withdrawal from multiple medications or any other psychoactive substance, or where the only symptoms were psychological such as rebound psychosis or craving. Results: We included 13 papers, all of which were individual case reports. The quality of the individual case reports was sub-optimal, as assessed by the CARE Case Report Guidelines. There was an association between rapid cessation of quetiapine and onset of somatic symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, agitation, restlessness, diaphoresis, irritability, anxiety, dysphoria, sleep disturbance, insomnia, tachycardia, hypertension and dizziness. Three studies also reported the onset of a withdrawal dyskinesia characterised by abnormal choreiform movements as well as confusion and speech disturbance in some cases. However, these findings were limited by the number and quality of case reports identified. Conclusion: Discontinuation symptoms are an uncommon side effect of quetiapine cessation, which may have clinical implications. Clinicians should therefore be alert to the possibility of quetiapine withdrawal in individuals who present with somatic symptoms or choreiform movements. However, large prospective studies are required to clarify this association.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Correlates of Disability in Singapore: Results from a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13090
Author(s):  
Mythily Subramaniam ◽  
Yen Sin Koh ◽  
P. V. AshaRani ◽  
Fiona Devi ◽  
Saleha Shafie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Finding ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Questionnaire Disability

Objective: The study aims to estimate the prevalence of disability and the association of disability with socio-demographic correlates and health outcomes among the Singapore population. Methods: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a representative sample of Singapore’s population. Using the Washington Group’s questionnaire, disability was defined using both the ‘standard’ (a lot of difficulty or higher in one or more domains) and the ‘wider’ threshold (of ‘some’ or greater difficulty). Data on socio-demographic correlates, self-reported lifestyle, physical activity, chronic conditions, and health-related quality of life were also collected. Results: The prevalence of any disability using the standard threshold was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.4–4.1). When separated by disability type, mobility (1.8%) was the most prevalent, followed by vision (0.8%), cognition (0.5%), hearing (0.3%), and self-care (0.2). In the adjusted regression analysis, lower education and unemployed and economically inactive status (versus employed) were significantly associated with disability. Conclusions: Although this prevalence is lower than other countries, it is a significant finding in terms of actual numbers and impact at both the individual and the societal levels. Our findings also highlight the need to strengthen health services and preventive interventions targeting older adults and those who are physically inactive to reduce the burden of disability in these groups.

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